We study thc time evolution of a state vector in a square tight-binding lattice, focusing on its evolution localized over the system surfaces. In this tight-binding lattice, the energy of atomic orbital centred at sur...We study thc time evolution of a state vector in a square tight-binding lattice, focusing on its evolution localized over the system surfaces. In this tight-binding lattice, the energy of atomic orbital centred at surface site is different from that at the interior （bulky） site by an energy shift U. It is shown that for the state vector initially localized on a surface, there exists an exponential law （y = ae^x/b ＋ Y0） determined by the absolute value of the energy shift, ｜U｜, which describes the transition of the state evolving on the square tight-binding lattice, from delocalized over the whole lattice to localized over the surfaces.展开更多
The concept of state vector stems from statistical physics, where it is usually used to describe the evolution of a continuum field in its way of coarse-graining. In this paper, the state vector is employed to depict ...The concept of state vector stems from statistical physics, where it is usually used to describe the evolution of a continuum field in its way of coarse-graining. In this paper, the state vector is employed to depict the evolution of seismicity quantitatively, and some interesting results are presented. The authors investigated some famous earthquake cases (e.g., the Haicheng earthquake, the Tangshan earthquake, the west Kunlun Mountains earthquake, etc.) and found that the state vectors evidently change prior to the occurrence of large earthquakes. Thus it is believed that the state vector can be used as a kind of precursor to predict large earthquakes.展开更多
In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the “EPR experiment”. Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanic...In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the “EPR experiment”. Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Einstein, however, was dissatisfied with the EPR paper and published a second work on the EPR experiment, in which he discussed the dilemma of choosing whether quantum mechanics was incomplete or nonlocal. Currently, most physicists choose the nonlocality of quantum mechanics over Einstein’s choice of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. However, with an appropriate alternate hypothesis, both of these choices can be rejected. Herein, I demonstrate an approach to overcome the Einstein Dilemma by proposing a new interpretation invoked by a new formalism of quantum mechanics known as two-state vector formalism.展开更多
In this paper, I show that an interpretation of quantum mechanics using two-state vector formalism proposed by Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz, can solve one of the measurement problems formulated by Maudlin. Accordi...In this paper, I show that an interpretation of quantum mechanics using two-state vector formalism proposed by Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz, can solve one of the measurement problems formulated by Maudlin. According to this interpretation, we can simultaneously insist that the wave function of a system is complete, that the wave function is determined by the Schr?dinger equation, and that the measurement of a physical quantity always has determinate outcomes, although Maudlin in his formulation of the measurement problem states that these three claims are mutually inconsistent. Further, I show that my interpretation does not contradict the uncertainty relation and the no-go theorem.展开更多
Based upon the Hellinger-Reissner (H-R) mixed variational principle for three-dimensional elastic bodies, the modified H-R mixed variational theorem for magnetoelectroelastic bodies was established. The state-vector e...Based upon the Hellinger-Reissner (H-R) mixed variational principle for three-dimensional elastic bodies, the modified H-R mixed variational theorem for magnetoelectroelastic bodies was established. The state-vector equation of magnetoelectroelastic plates was derived from the proposed theorem by performing the variational operations. To lay a theoretical basis of the semi-analytical solution applied with the magnetoelectroelastic plates, the state-vector equation for the discrete element in plane was proposed through the use of the proposed principle. Finally, it is pointed out that the modified H-R mixed variational principle for pure elastic, single piezoelectric or single piezomagnetic bodies are the special cases of the present variational theorem.展开更多
A state space formulation is established for the nonaxisymmetric space problem of transversely isotropic piezoelectric media in a system of cylindrical coordinate by introducing the state vector. Using the Hankel tran...A state space formulation is established for the nonaxisymmetric space problem of transversely isotropic piezoelectric media in a system of cylindrical coordinate by introducing the state vector. Using the Hankel transform and the Fourier series, the state vector equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. By the use of the matrix methods, the analytical solutions of a single piezoelectric layer are presented in the form of the product of initial state variables and transfer matrix. The applications of state vector solutions are discussed. An analytical solution for a semiinfinite piezoelectric medium subjected to the vertical point force P_z, horizontal point force P_x along x-direction and point electric charge Q at the origin of the surface is presented. According to the continuity conditions at the interfaces, the general solution formulation for N-layered transversely isotropic piezoelectric media is given.展开更多
Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective H...Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.展开更多
In this paper, I study the invariant subspaces of quantum states under SWAPα gates arising from the exchange interaction and their use in quantum computation. I investigate the generation and characterization of inva...In this paper, I study the invariant subspaces of quantum states under SWAPα gates arising from the exchange interaction and their use in quantum computation. I investigate the generation and characterization of invariant-subspace vector-states that arise from such gates. I also state a condition for the locus of states that are accessible using the SWAPα gates, given an initial input state.展开更多
An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady sta...An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady state index based on chaotic theory and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. At first, the phase space reconstruction of original power quality data is performed to form a new data space containing the attractor. The new data space is used as training samples for the LSSVM. Then in order to predict power quality steady state index accurately, the particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize parameters of the LSSVM model. According to the simulation results based on power quality data measured in a certain distribution network, the model applies to several indexes with higher forecasting accuracy and strong practicability.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angl...This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely accepted type of battery in the electric vehicle industry because of some of their positive inherent characteristics. However, the safety problems associated with inaccurate e...Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely accepted type of battery in the electric vehicle industry because of some of their positive inherent characteristics. However, the safety problems associated with inaccurate estimation and prediction of the state of health of these batteries have attracted wide attention due to the adverse negative effect on vehicle safety. In this paper, both machine and deep learning models were used to estimate the state of health of lithium-ion batteries. The paper introduces the definition of battery health status and its importance in the electric vehicle industry. Based on the data preprocessing and visualization analysis, three features related to actual battery capacity degradation are extracted from the data. Two learning models, SVR and LSTM were employed for the state of health estimation and their respective results are compared in this paper. The mean square error and coefficient of determination were the two metrics for the performance evaluation of the models. The experimental results indicate that both models have high estimation results. However, the metrics indicated that the SVR was the overall best model.展开更多
In this study,changes in daily weather states were treated as a complex Markov chain process,based on a continuous-time watershed model（soil water assessment tool,SWAT） developed by the Agricultural Research Service...In this study,changes in daily weather states were treated as a complex Markov chain process,based on a continuous-time watershed model（soil water assessment tool,SWAT） developed by the Agricultural Research Service at the U.S.Department of Agriculture（USDA-ARS）.A finer classification using total cloud amount for dry states was adopted,and dry days were classified into three states：clear,cloudy,and overcast（rain free）.Multistate transition models for dry-and wet-day series were constructed to comprehensively downscale the simulation of regional daily climatic states.The results show that the finer,improved,downscaled model overcame the oversimplified treatment of a two-weather state model and is free of the shortcomings of a multistate model that neglects finer classification of dry days（i.e.,finer classification was applied only to wet days）.As a result,overall simulation of weather states based on the SWAT greatly improved,and the improvement in simulating daily temperature and radiation was especially significant.展开更多
文摘We study thc time evolution of a state vector in a square tight-binding lattice, focusing on its evolution localized over the system surfaces. In this tight-binding lattice, the energy of atomic orbital centred at surface site is different from that at the interior （bulky） site by an energy shift U. It is shown that for the state vector initially localized on a surface, there exists an exponential law （y = ae^x/b ＋ Y0） determined by the absolute value of the energy shift, ｜U｜, which describes the transition of the state evolving on the square tight-binding lattice, from delocalized over the whole lattice to localized over the surfaces.
基金NSFC under Grant No.10232050The Information Construction of Knowledge Innovation Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"Supercomputing Environment Construction and Application"(INF105-SCE-2-02)+1 种基金Seismological Joint Foundation(305016)the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No.2002CB412706 and 2001 BA601 B01-01-01-04.
文摘The concept of state vector stems from statistical physics, where it is usually used to describe the evolution of a continuum field in its way of coarse-graining. In this paper, the state vector is employed to depict the evolution of seismicity quantitatively, and some interesting results are presented. The authors investigated some famous earthquake cases (e.g., the Haicheng earthquake, the Tangshan earthquake, the west Kunlun Mountains earthquake, etc.) and found that the state vectors evidently change prior to the occurrence of large earthquakes. Thus it is believed that the state vector can be used as a kind of precursor to predict large earthquakes.
文摘In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the “EPR experiment”. Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Einstein, however, was dissatisfied with the EPR paper and published a second work on the EPR experiment, in which he discussed the dilemma of choosing whether quantum mechanics was incomplete or nonlocal. Currently, most physicists choose the nonlocality of quantum mechanics over Einstein’s choice of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. However, with an appropriate alternate hypothesis, both of these choices can be rejected. Herein, I demonstrate an approach to overcome the Einstein Dilemma by proposing a new interpretation invoked by a new formalism of quantum mechanics known as two-state vector formalism.
文摘In this paper, I show that an interpretation of quantum mechanics using two-state vector formalism proposed by Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz, can solve one of the measurement problems formulated by Maudlin. According to this interpretation, we can simultaneously insist that the wave function of a system is complete, that the wave function is determined by the Schr?dinger equation, and that the measurement of a physical quantity always has determinate outcomes, although Maudlin in his formulation of the measurement problem states that these three claims are mutually inconsistent. Further, I show that my interpretation does not contradict the uncertainty relation and the no-go theorem.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10072038)the Special Fund for PhD Program of Education Ministry of China (No. 2000005616)
文摘Based upon the Hellinger-Reissner (H-R) mixed variational principle for three-dimensional elastic bodies, the modified H-R mixed variational theorem for magnetoelectroelastic bodies was established. The state-vector equation of magnetoelectroelastic plates was derived from the proposed theorem by performing the variational operations. To lay a theoretical basis of the semi-analytical solution applied with the magnetoelectroelastic plates, the state-vector equation for the discrete element in plane was proposed through the use of the proposed principle. Finally, it is pointed out that the modified H-R mixed variational principle for pure elastic, single piezoelectric or single piezomagnetic bodies are the special cases of the present variational theorem.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 59648001)
文摘A state space formulation is established for the nonaxisymmetric space problem of transversely isotropic piezoelectric media in a system of cylindrical coordinate by introducing the state vector. Using the Hankel transform and the Fourier series, the state vector equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. By the use of the matrix methods, the analytical solutions of a single piezoelectric layer are presented in the form of the product of initial state variables and transfer matrix. The applications of state vector solutions are discussed. An analytical solution for a semiinfinite piezoelectric medium subjected to the vertical point force P_z, horizontal point force P_x along x-direction and point electric charge Q at the origin of the surface is presented. According to the continuity conditions at the interfaces, the general solution formulation for N-layered transversely isotropic piezoelectric media is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774328)。
文摘Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.
文摘In this paper, I study the invariant subspaces of quantum states under SWAPα gates arising from the exchange interaction and their use in quantum computation. I investigate the generation and characterization of invariant-subspace vector-states that arise from such gates. I also state a condition for the locus of states that are accessible using the SWAPα gates, given an initial input state.
文摘An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady state index based on chaotic theory and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. At first, the phase space reconstruction of original power quality data is performed to form a new data space containing the attractor. The new data space is used as training samples for the LSSVM. Then in order to predict power quality steady state index accurately, the particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize parameters of the LSSVM model. According to the simulation results based on power quality data measured in a certain distribution network, the model applies to several indexes with higher forecasting accuracy and strong practicability.
文摘This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely accepted type of battery in the electric vehicle industry because of some of their positive inherent characteristics. However, the safety problems associated with inaccurate estimation and prediction of the state of health of these batteries have attracted wide attention due to the adverse negative effect on vehicle safety. In this paper, both machine and deep learning models were used to estimate the state of health of lithium-ion batteries. The paper introduces the definition of battery health status and its importance in the electric vehicle industry. Based on the data preprocessing and visualization analysis, three features related to actual battery capacity degradation are extracted from the data. Two learning models, SVR and LSTM were employed for the state of health estimation and their respective results are compared in this paper. The mean square error and coefficient of determination were the two metrics for the performance evaluation of the models. The experimental results indicate that both models have high estimation results. However, the metrics indicated that the SVR was the overall best model.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40875058)the Natural Science Key Research of Jiangsu Province High Education (Grant No.07KJA17020)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2008BAK50B02-04-01)the CMA Meteorological Special Science Foundation (Grant No. GYHY200706030)
文摘In this study,changes in daily weather states were treated as a complex Markov chain process,based on a continuous-time watershed model（soil water assessment tool,SWAT） developed by the Agricultural Research Service at the U.S.Department of Agriculture（USDA-ARS）.A finer classification using total cloud amount for dry states was adopted,and dry days were classified into three states：clear,cloudy,and overcast（rain free）.Multistate transition models for dry-and wet-day series were constructed to comprehensively downscale the simulation of regional daily climatic states.The results show that the finer,improved,downscaled model overcame the oversimplified treatment of a two-weather state model and is free of the shortcomings of a multistate model that neglects finer classification of dry days（i.e.,finer classification was applied only to wet days）.As a result,overall simulation of weather states based on the SWAT greatly improved,and the improvement in simulating daily temperature and radiation was especially significant.
