BACKGROUND Ileocecal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)complicated by appendiceal tubular adenoma are rare and challenging to diagnose because of the absence of typical symptoms and specific diagnostic signs.Traditional...BACKGROUND Ileocecal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)complicated by appendiceal tubular adenoma are rare and challenging to diagnose because of the absence of typical symptoms and specific diagnostic signs.Traditionally,the primary treatment has been laparoscopic appendectomy(LA).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female presented with changes in bowel habits.Colonoscopy revealed an ileocecal LST.The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection.Postoperative follow-up colonoscopy revealed mucosal elevation at the appendiceal orifice,with pathology confirming tubular adenoma.Abdominal computed tomography indicated a suspicious appendiceal tumor,leading to LA with partial cecectomy.The postoperative recovery was uneventful.At the 1-year follow-up,colonoscopy revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION Ileocecal LSTs with appendiceal tubular adenomas are traditionally treated with LA.endoscopic submucosal dissection can also yield favorable outcomes.展开更多
Information plays a crucial role in guiding behavioral decisions during public health emergencies. Individuals communicate to acquire relevant knowledge about an epidemic, which influences their decisions to adopt pro...Information plays a crucial role in guiding behavioral decisions during public health emergencies. Individuals communicate to acquire relevant knowledge about an epidemic, which influences their decisions to adopt protective measures.However, whether to disseminate specific information is also a behavioral decision. In light of this understanding, we develop a coupled information–vaccination–epidemic model to depict these co-evolutionary dynamics in a three-layer network. Negative information dissemination and vaccination are treated as separate decision-making processes. We then examine the combined effects of herd and risk motives on information dissemination and vaccination decisions through the lens of game theory. The microscopic Markov chain approach(MMCA) is used to describe the dynamic process and to derive the epidemic threshold. Simulation results indicate that increasing the cost of negative information dissemination and providing timely clarification can effectively control the epidemic. Furthermore, a phenomenon of diminishing marginal utility is observed as the cost of dissemination increases, suggesting that authorities do not need to overinvest in suppressing negative information. Conversely, reducing the cost of vaccination and increasing vaccine efficacy emerge as more effective strategies for outbreak control. In addition, we find that the scale of the epidemic is greater when the herd motive dominates behavioral decision-making. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the complexity of epidemic spreading by starting with the construction of different behavioral decisions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)are best treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological and endoscopic profiles of colorectal...BACKGROUND Colorectal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)are best treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological and endoscopic profiles of colorectal LSTs,determine predictive factors for high-grade dysplasia(HGD)/carcinoma(CA),submucosal invasion,and complications.METHODS We retrospectively assessed the endoscopic and histological characteristics of 375 colorectal LSTs at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2023.We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with HGD/CA,submucosal invasion and complications.RESULTS The numbers of granular(LST-G)and non-granular LST(LST-NG)were 260 and 115,respectively.The rates of low-grade dysplasia and HGD/CA were 60.3%and 39.7%,respectively.Multivariate analysis indicated that a tumor size≥30 mm[odds ratio(OR)=1.934,P=0.032],LST granular nodular mixed type(OR=2.100,P=0.005),and LST non-granular pseudo depressed type(NG-PD)(OR=3.016,P=0.015)were independent risk factors significantly associated with higher odds of HGD/CA.NG-PD(OR=6.506,P=0.001),tumor size(20-29 mm)(OR=2.631,P=0.036)and tumor size≥30 mm(OR=3.449,P=0.016)were associated with increased odds of submucosal invasion.Tumor size≥30 mm(OR=4.888,P=0.003)was a particularly important predictor of complications.A nomogram model demonstrated a satisfactory fit,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.716(95%confidence interval:0.653-0.780),indicating strong predictive performance.CONCLUSION The novel nomogram incorporating tumor size,location,and morphology predicted HGD/CA during endoscopic resection for LSTs.NG-PD lesions larger than 20 mm were more likely to invade the submucosa.Tumor size≥30 mm was an important predictor of complications.展开更多
Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered dri...Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered driven separately by social reinforcement or higher-order interactions.However,due to the limitations of empirical data and theoretical analysis,how the higher-order network structure affects the explosive information spreading under the role of social reinforcement has not been fully explored.In this work,we propose an information-spreading model by considering the social reinforcement in real and synthetic higher-order networks,describable as hypergraphs.Depending on the average group size(hyperedge cardinality)and node membership(hyperdegree),we observe two different spreading behaviors:(i)The spreading progress is not sensitive to social reinforcement,resulting in the information localized in a small part of nodes;(ii)a strong social reinforcement will promote the large-scale spread of information and induce an explosive transition.Moreover,a large average group size and membership would be beneficial to the appearance of the explosive transition.Further,we display that the heterogeneity of the node membership and group size distributions benefit the information spreading.Finally,we extend the group-based approximate master equations to verify the simulation results.Our findings may help us to comprehend the rapidly information-spreading phenomenon in modern society.展开更多
This paper is devoted to investigating the spreading speed of a time-space periodic epidemic model with vital dynamics and standard incidence in discrete media. We establish the existence of the leftward and rightward...This paper is devoted to investigating the spreading speed of a time-space periodic epidemic model with vital dynamics and standard incidence in discrete media. We establish the existence of the leftward and rightward spreading speeds for the infective individuals, which can be used to estimate how fast the disease spreads. To overcome the difficulty arising from the lack of comparison principle for such time-space periodic nonmonotone systems, our proof is mainly based on constructing a series of scalar time-space periodic equations, establishing the spreading speeds for such auxiliary equations and using comparison methods. It may be the first work to study the spreading speed for time-space periodic non-monotone systems.展开更多
The Zhongyebei （中业北） basin （ZYBB） is an NE-striking, narrow and small sedimentary basin superimposing the southern 1/2 segment of the proposed spreading axes of the SW subbasin of the South China Sea （SCS）. M...The Zhongyebei （中业北） basin （ZYBB） is an NE-striking, narrow and small sedimentary basin superimposing the southern 1/2 segment of the proposed spreading axes of the SW subbasin of the South China Sea （SCS）. More than 4 500 m strata were identified in the Zhongyebei basin, including the Paleogene lower structure layer and the Neogene upper structure layer. The SW subbasin of the South China Sea has been regarded as an oceanic basin opened by seafloor spreading, as evidenced by the flat and deep （〉 4 000 m mostly） seafloor with linear magnetic anomalies, and by the shallow Moho depth of 〈 12 km as estimated from gravity modeling. The classic model of seafloor spreading predicts that sediments on the oceanic crust are younger and thinner towards the spreading axes. But in the southwestern segment of the SW subbasin, contradictions appear. Firstly, the thick sedimentation in the ZYBB is along the proposed spreading axes. Secondly, the sediments are thinner （500-1 500 m） and younger away from the proposed spreading axes. Thirdly, geological elements of the two sides of spreading axes develop asymmetrically in the southwestern SW subbasin. Two models, the early opening model and the limited modeling model, are suggested for resolving this paradox. The former suggests that the opening of the SW subbasin was in Late Eocene and earlier than the oldest sediment in the ZYBB. The latter proposes that the opening of the SW subbasin was limited to its northeastern portion, and did not extend to the southwest portion. The ZYBB is a rift basin survived from the spreading but subjected to severe syn-spreading magmatic disturbance. The SW subbasin and the ZYBB of the SCS provide a unique opportunity for studying the structural evolution and dynamic mechanism at the tip of a propagating seafloor spreading. Both models have unresolved questions, and further studies are needed.展开更多
Widely distributed in Gyangzê-Chigu area, southern Tibet, NW- and nearly E-W-trending diabase（gabbro）-gabbro diorite dykes are regarded as the product of the large-scale spreading of the late Neo-Tethys Ocean. ...Widely distributed in Gyangzê-Chigu area, southern Tibet, NW- and nearly E-W-trending diabase（gabbro）-gabbro diorite dykes are regarded as the product of the large-scale spreading of the late Neo-Tethys Ocean. In order to constrain the emplacement age of these dykes, zircons of two samples from diabases in Nagarzê were dated by using the U-Pb SHRIMP method. Two nearly the same weighted mean ^206pb/^23SU ages were obtained in this paper, which are 134.9±1.8 Ma （MSWD=0.65） and 135.5 ± 2.1 Ma （MSWD=1.40）, respectively. They not only represent the crystallization age of the diabase, but also documented an important spreading event of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. This dating result is of great significance to reconstruct the temporal framework of the late Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
In this paper, to study rumor spreading, we propose a novel susceptible-infected-removed （SIR） model by introducing the trust mechanism. We derive mean-field equations that describe the dynamics of the SIR model on ...In this paper, to study rumor spreading, we propose a novel susceptible-infected-removed （SIR） model by introducing the trust mechanism. We derive mean-field equations that describe the dynamics of the SIR model on homogeneous networks and inhomogeneous networks. Then a steady-state analysis is conducted to investigate the critical threshold and the finaJ size of the rumor spreading. We show that the introduction of trust mechanism reduces the final rumor size and the velocity of rumor spreading, but increases the critical thresholds on both networks. Moreover, the trust mechanism not only greatly reduces the maximum rumor influence, but also postpones the rumor terminal time, which provides us with more time to take measures to control the rumor spreading. The theoretical results are confirmed by sufficient numerical simulations.展开更多
Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influe...Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influences the outcome of surgical treatment for EC. However, the lymphatic drainage system of the esophagus, including an abundant lymph-capillary network in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, is very complex with cervical, mediastinal and celiac node spreading. The extent of lymphadenectomy for EC has always been controversial because of the very complex pattern of lymph node spreading. In this article, published literature regarding lymphatic spreading was reviewed and the current lymphadenectomy trends for EC are discussed.展开更多
The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-p...The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Ileocecal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)complicated by appendiceal tubular adenoma are rare and challenging to diagnose because of the absence of typical symptoms and specific diagnostic signs.Traditionally,the primary treatment has been laparoscopic appendectomy(LA).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female presented with changes in bowel habits.Colonoscopy revealed an ileocecal LST.The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection.Postoperative follow-up colonoscopy revealed mucosal elevation at the appendiceal orifice,with pathology confirming tubular adenoma.Abdominal computed tomography indicated a suspicious appendiceal tumor,leading to LA with partial cecectomy.The postoperative recovery was uneventful.At the 1-year follow-up,colonoscopy revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION Ileocecal LSTs with appendiceal tubular adenomas are traditionally treated with LA.endoscopic submucosal dissection can also yield favorable outcomes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72174121)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and the Soft Science Research Project of Shanghai (Grant No. 22692112600)。
文摘Information plays a crucial role in guiding behavioral decisions during public health emergencies. Individuals communicate to acquire relevant knowledge about an epidemic, which influences their decisions to adopt protective measures.However, whether to disseminate specific information is also a behavioral decision. In light of this understanding, we develop a coupled information–vaccination–epidemic model to depict these co-evolutionary dynamics in a three-layer network. Negative information dissemination and vaccination are treated as separate decision-making processes. We then examine the combined effects of herd and risk motives on information dissemination and vaccination decisions through the lens of game theory. The microscopic Markov chain approach(MMCA) is used to describe the dynamic process and to derive the epidemic threshold. Simulation results indicate that increasing the cost of negative information dissemination and providing timely clarification can effectively control the epidemic. Furthermore, a phenomenon of diminishing marginal utility is observed as the cost of dissemination increases, suggesting that authorities do not need to overinvest in suppressing negative information. Conversely, reducing the cost of vaccination and increasing vaccine efficacy emerge as more effective strategies for outbreak control. In addition, we find that the scale of the epidemic is greater when the herd motive dominates behavioral decision-making. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the complexity of epidemic spreading by starting with the construction of different behavioral decisions.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)are best treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological and endoscopic profiles of colorectal LSTs,determine predictive factors for high-grade dysplasia(HGD)/carcinoma(CA),submucosal invasion,and complications.METHODS We retrospectively assessed the endoscopic and histological characteristics of 375 colorectal LSTs at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2023.We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with HGD/CA,submucosal invasion and complications.RESULTS The numbers of granular(LST-G)and non-granular LST(LST-NG)were 260 and 115,respectively.The rates of low-grade dysplasia and HGD/CA were 60.3%and 39.7%,respectively.Multivariate analysis indicated that a tumor size≥30 mm[odds ratio(OR)=1.934,P=0.032],LST granular nodular mixed type(OR=2.100,P=0.005),and LST non-granular pseudo depressed type(NG-PD)(OR=3.016,P=0.015)were independent risk factors significantly associated with higher odds of HGD/CA.NG-PD(OR=6.506,P=0.001),tumor size(20-29 mm)(OR=2.631,P=0.036)and tumor size≥30 mm(OR=3.449,P=0.016)were associated with increased odds of submucosal invasion.Tumor size≥30 mm(OR=4.888,P=0.003)was a particularly important predictor of complications.A nomogram model demonstrated a satisfactory fit,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.716(95%confidence interval:0.653-0.780),indicating strong predictive performance.CONCLUSION The novel nomogram incorporating tumor size,location,and morphology predicted HGD/CA during endoscopic resection for LSTs.NG-PD lesions larger than 20 mm were more likely to invade the submucosa.Tumor size≥30 mm was an important predictor of complications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305043 and 12165016)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220511)+1 种基金the Project of Undergraduate Scientific Research(Grant No.22A684)the support from the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program。
文摘Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered driven separately by social reinforcement or higher-order interactions.However,due to the limitations of empirical data and theoretical analysis,how the higher-order network structure affects the explosive information spreading under the role of social reinforcement has not been fully explored.In this work,we propose an information-spreading model by considering the social reinforcement in real and synthetic higher-order networks,describable as hypergraphs.Depending on the average group size(hyperedge cardinality)and node membership(hyperdegree),we observe two different spreading behaviors:(i)The spreading progress is not sensitive to social reinforcement,resulting in the information localized in a small part of nodes;(ii)a strong social reinforcement will promote the large-scale spread of information and induce an explosive transition.Moreover,a large average group size and membership would be beneficial to the appearance of the explosive transition.Further,we display that the heterogeneity of the node membership and group size distributions benefit the information spreading.Finally,we extend the group-based approximate master equations to verify the simulation results.Our findings may help us to comprehend the rapidly information-spreading phenomenon in modern society.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-025)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shanxi(Grant No.2024RS-CXTD-88)。
文摘This paper is devoted to investigating the spreading speed of a time-space periodic epidemic model with vital dynamics and standard incidence in discrete media. We establish the existence of the leftward and rightward spreading speeds for the infective individuals, which can be used to estimate how fast the disease spreads. To overcome the difficulty arising from the lack of comparison principle for such time-space periodic nonmonotone systems, our proof is mainly based on constructing a series of scalar time-space periodic equations, establishing the spreading speeds for such auxiliary equations and using comparison methods. It may be the first work to study the spreading speed for time-space periodic non-monotone systems.
基金supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 7007508)
文摘The Zhongyebei （中业北） basin （ZYBB） is an NE-striking, narrow and small sedimentary basin superimposing the southern 1/2 segment of the proposed spreading axes of the SW subbasin of the South China Sea （SCS）. More than 4 500 m strata were identified in the Zhongyebei basin, including the Paleogene lower structure layer and the Neogene upper structure layer. The SW subbasin of the South China Sea has been regarded as an oceanic basin opened by seafloor spreading, as evidenced by the flat and deep （〉 4 000 m mostly） seafloor with linear magnetic anomalies, and by the shallow Moho depth of 〈 12 km as estimated from gravity modeling. The classic model of seafloor spreading predicts that sediments on the oceanic crust are younger and thinner towards the spreading axes. But in the southwestern segment of the SW subbasin, contradictions appear. Firstly, the thick sedimentation in the ZYBB is along the proposed spreading axes. Secondly, the sediments are thinner （500-1 500 m） and younger away from the proposed spreading axes. Thirdly, geological elements of the two sides of spreading axes develop asymmetrically in the southwestern SW subbasin. Two models, the early opening model and the limited modeling model, are suggested for resolving this paradox. The former suggests that the opening of the SW subbasin was in Late Eocene and earlier than the oldest sediment in the ZYBB. The latter proposes that the opening of the SW subbasin was limited to its northeastern portion, and did not extend to the southwest portion. The ZYBB is a rift basin survived from the spreading but subjected to severe syn-spreading magmatic disturbance. The SW subbasin and the ZYBB of the SCS provide a unique opportunity for studying the structural evolution and dynamic mechanism at the tip of a propagating seafloor spreading. Both models have unresolved questions, and further studies are needed.
文摘Widely distributed in Gyangzê-Chigu area, southern Tibet, NW- and nearly E-W-trending diabase（gabbro）-gabbro diorite dykes are regarded as the product of the large-scale spreading of the late Neo-Tethys Ocean. In order to constrain the emplacement age of these dykes, zircons of two samples from diabases in Nagarzê were dated by using the U-Pb SHRIMP method. Two nearly the same weighted mean ^206pb/^23SU ages were obtained in this paper, which are 134.9±1.8 Ma （MSWD=0.65） and 135.5 ± 2.1 Ma （MSWD=1.40）, respectively. They not only represent the crystallization age of the diabase, but also documented an important spreading event of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. This dating result is of great significance to reconstruct the temporal framework of the late Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61103231,61103230the Innovation Program of Graduate Scientific Research in Institution of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.CXZZ110401+1 种基金the Basic Research Foundation of Engineering University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force under Grant No.WJY201218 the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No.2011JM8012
文摘In this paper, to study rumor spreading, we propose a novel susceptible-infected-removed （SIR） model by introducing the trust mechanism. We derive mean-field equations that describe the dynamics of the SIR model on homogeneous networks and inhomogeneous networks. Then a steady-state analysis is conducted to investigate the critical threshold and the finaJ size of the rumor spreading. We show that the introduction of trust mechanism reduces the final rumor size and the velocity of rumor spreading, but increases the critical thresholds on both networks. Moreover, the trust mechanism not only greatly reduces the maximum rumor influence, but also postpones the rumor terminal time, which provides us with more time to take measures to control the rumor spreading. The theoretical results are confirmed by sufficient numerical simulations.
文摘Esophageal carcinoma(EC) is a highly lethal malignancywith a poor prognosis. One of the most important prognostic factors in EC is lymph node status. Therefore, lymphadenectomy has been recognized as a key that influences the outcome of surgical treatment for EC. However, the lymphatic drainage system of the esophagus, including an abundant lymph-capillary network in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, is very complex with cervical, mediastinal and celiac node spreading. The extent of lymphadenectomy for EC has always been controversial because of the very complex pattern of lymph node spreading. In this article, published literature regarding lymphatic spreading was reviewed and the current lymphadenectomy trends for EC are discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51378161 and 51108134
文摘The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.
