In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper...In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic dev...In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic development. Starting with Gustave Flaubert and recognizing his efforts to duplicate the simultaneity of action possible in drama and later in film, Frank comments that since language proceeds in time, it is possible to approach this simultaneity of perception only by breaking up temporal sequence. While Flaubert introduces this method, it does not become a dominant form until James Joyce＇s Ulysses. According to Frank, spatialization of form in this novel provides an alternative to the chronological development normal to verbal structures, which can be read only in a linear fashion through time, unlike painting and the plastic arts, which can be visually apprehended instantaneously. Applied to Ulysses as a whole by Joseph Frank, the conception of spatial form might as well serve as a convenient point of departure for the analysis on much smaller, let＇s say, ＂episodic＂ scale. In ＂Nausicaa＂ episode, Joyce dissolves temporal sequence by cutting back and forth between the various levels of action in a slowly-rising crescendo to achieve the unified impact, the sense of simultaneous activity occurring in different places. For the duration of the episode the time-flow of the narrative is halted： various levels of action are juxtaposed independently of the progress of the narrative. Joyce, in this fragmentation of narrative structure, proceeded on the assumption that a unified spatial apprehension of not only separate episodes but his entire work would ultimately be possible.展开更多
In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglom...In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.展开更多
A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate ...A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.展开更多
The spatial form of historic blocks comprises multi-scale elements,and its evolutionary process is the result of residents'long-term adaptation to and coexistence with the external environment.This micro-level,dyn...The spatial form of historic blocks comprises multi-scale elements,and its evolutionary process is the result of residents'long-term adaptation to and coexistence with the external environment.This micro-level,dynamic,and complex system requires an interpretation grounded in theoretical frameworks that align more closely with real-world logic.This paper integrates Conzenian urban morphology,the adaptive cycle theory of social-ecological systems,and the complex adaptive system theory to develop a research framework for analyzing the morphological evolutionary characteristics,mechanisms,and pathways of historic blocks from a complex adaptive perspective.Taking the Hui-Fang area in Xi'an,a historic block,as an example,the paper employs quantitative methods,such as fractal dimension analysis and space syntax,to uncover both the complex external manifestations of the morphological system and the underlying adaptive cycle mechanisms of the agent system.Furthermore,it identifies three distinct adaptive evolutionary pathways of spatial form:unidirectional control,bidirectional guidance,and multi-level symbiosis.This research expands epistemological understandings of morphological evolution and provides theoretical support for the development of urban spaces in historic blocks that reflect regional cultural significance.展开更多
Traditional villages are precious historical and cultural heritage.Here,we investigate Fuzhou area of Jiangxi Province,China,and consider 114 national-level and provincial-level traditional villages,applying fieldwork...Traditional villages are precious historical and cultural heritage.Here,we investigate Fuzhou area of Jiangxi Province,China,and consider 114 national-level and provincial-level traditional villages,applying fieldwork,historical document searches,GIS spatial analysis,spatial syntax analysis,and other methods to explore the spatial form characteristics of traditional villages in this area on a macroscopic and microscopic(individual)level,and the relationships between scales.It is found that on a macroscopic regional level,the spatial distribution of traditional villages is unevenly distributed at a low altitude and at a close proximity to water systems;while on a microscopic level,traditional villages are mainly small and medium-sized,with landscape environments mainly determined by eight different types of waterfront hills.Among the four types of village boundaries,there are more villages with finger-like characteristics,including finger-like villages with banded features and finger-like villages with cluster characteristics.The living environment patterns mostly determined by four different types of comb settlements due to the limitations of regional environments as well as the topographic and cultural factors.Our results are significant for the improved evolution,protection,and development of traditional villages such as those found in the Fuzhou area.展开更多
Southern Jiangsu Province has a dense water network.Under the guidance of the new concept of harmonious development between humans and nature proposed at the 19 th CPC National Congress,it is of great significance to ...Southern Jiangsu Province has a dense water network.Under the guidance of the new concept of harmonious development between humans and nature proposed at the 19 th CPC National Congress,it is of great significance to build a good spatial relationship between the town and its water system.Using the grid method,this paper calculates the fractal dimension of construction land and water space of 20 towns in Suzhou City since 1995,finding that the fractal dimension of town construction land rises rapidly,whereas that of water space drops slowly on a high dimension.In addition,the spatial form of town construction land and water space form are characterized by planar aggregation and sporadic growth respectively.The paper discusses the evolutionary characteristics of the fractal correlation of construction land and water space in towns with low-,medium-,and high-density water networks,as well as the represented spatial form relations and the underlying relationship between humans and nature.It concludes with an ecological restoration strategy of the two-way interaction between construction land and water space in different types of towns,which may provide a reference for the ecological progress of towns in southern Jiangsu Province.展开更多
In the process of unprecedented urbanization in contemporary China, a great many of Chinese cities have witnessed a rapid expansion of urban scale to different degrees. With the continuous compilation, amendment and e...In the process of unprecedented urbanization in contemporary China, a great many of Chinese cities have witnessed a rapid expansion of urban scale to different degrees. With the continuous compilation, amendment and enforcement of urban planning, the functional structure, spatial environment, street patterns and textures and even the social aspect of cities have changed conspicuously, all of which have directly happened to the spatial forms of the dimension, or even the multi-dimension of a certain city. By describing and analyzing the structure, evolution and explicit tokens of the spatial forms of cities, this thesis attempts to set up a model of factors that affect urban forms, as well as discuss the attributes, protection, adjustment and development-potential of urban land closely associated with forms. In addition, on the basis of the professional features for urban design to participate in the modeling and construction-management of desirable spatial forms of cities, the author has put forward technical measures for quantitatively appraising and analyzing the large-scaled spatial forms of cities, thus offering technical support to municipal governments and management departments of planned construction.展开更多
This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag poly-metallic o...This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag poly-metallic ore resources are concentrated in North Hebei. However, there has existed a long-standing controversy on the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources and their ore-forming material sources. In terms of age dating and the comprehensive analysis of S, Pb, O, C and Si isotopes, it is considered that the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources in this mantle branch structure zone is obviously controlled by the Fuping mantle branch structure. In space there is developed such a metallogenic pattern as to be Ag, Pb and Zn polymetallic ore deposits with gold appearing inside and copper appearing outside. Metallogenesis is dated mainly at Yanshanian, the ore-forming materials were derived predominantly from the deep interior of the Earth, and ore-forming fluids were derived largely from Yanshanian magmatism.展开更多
By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for...By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for inherent law of development and evolution of courtyard landscape structure of rural settlement,explore the formation worth keeping and regaining during evolution process.Based on protection of original courtyard landscape morphological structure of traditional rural settlement,it made an attempt to establish a new method to guide the construction of settlement landscape at new period,realizing sustainable and virtuous cycle development mode.展开更多
The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries ...The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.展开更多
This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is...This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is adopted to model the spatial variability of rock mass properties. An iterative procedure using the first-order reliability method(FORM) and response surface method(RSM) is employed to compute the reliability index and its corresponding design point. The results indicate that the spatial variability considerably affects the computed reliability index. The probability of failure could be noticeably overestimated in the case where the spatial variability is neglected. The vertical scale of fluctuation has a much higher effect on the probabilistic result with respect to the tunnel convergence than the horizontal scale of fluctuation. And the influence of different spacing of control points on the computational accuracy is investigated.展开更多
The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a ...The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.展开更多
Based on historical evolution of Heijing,this paper analyzed the landscape features of natural landscape,general structure and man-made architecture in Heijing.Meanwhile,it revealed its historical position as a place ...Based on historical evolution of Heijing,this paper analyzed the landscape features of natural landscape,general structure and man-made architecture in Heijing.Meanwhile,it revealed its historical position as a place with thousands years of salt production as well as its solid economic financial resources.This article described and analysed the ancient town's space forms and the feelings from three space areas which are the natural environment,the artificial building and the spiritual cultural.The final conclusion hoped to supply a referent value in knowing well of the Heijing town and studying its construction and development as the role of an important commercial town in Ming and Qing dynasty.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Southwest Jiaotong University Young Teachers 100-Talent Program Fund Project(2682014BR082)
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.
文摘In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic development. Starting with Gustave Flaubert and recognizing his efforts to duplicate the simultaneity of action possible in drama and later in film, Frank comments that since language proceeds in time, it is possible to approach this simultaneity of perception only by breaking up temporal sequence. While Flaubert introduces this method, it does not become a dominant form until James Joyce＇s Ulysses. According to Frank, spatialization of form in this novel provides an alternative to the chronological development normal to verbal structures, which can be read only in a linear fashion through time, unlike painting and the plastic arts, which can be visually apprehended instantaneously. Applied to Ulysses as a whole by Joseph Frank, the conception of spatial form might as well serve as a convenient point of departure for the analysis on much smaller, let＇s say, ＂episodic＂ scale. In ＂Nausicaa＂ episode, Joyce dissolves temporal sequence by cutting back and forth between the various levels of action in a slowly-rising crescendo to achieve the unified impact, the sense of simultaneous activity occurring in different places. For the duration of the episode the time-flow of the narrative is halted： various levels of action are juxtaposed independently of the progress of the narrative. Joyce, in this fragmentation of narrative structure, proceeded on the assumption that a unified spatial apprehension of not only separate episodes but his entire work would ultimately be possible.
基金by the 2022 National Natural Foundation of China(42261046)The 2021 Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of Jiangxi Higher Education Institutions(JC21237).
文摘In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.
基金Sponsored by Beijing Urban Governance Research Base of North China University of Technology(2024CSZL07).
文摘A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52478070)the Humanities and Social Science General Program of the Ministry of Education(No.22YJC760134)。
文摘The spatial form of historic blocks comprises multi-scale elements,and its evolutionary process is the result of residents'long-term adaptation to and coexistence with the external environment.This micro-level,dynamic,and complex system requires an interpretation grounded in theoretical frameworks that align more closely with real-world logic.This paper integrates Conzenian urban morphology,the adaptive cycle theory of social-ecological systems,and the complex adaptive system theory to develop a research framework for analyzing the morphological evolutionary characteristics,mechanisms,and pathways of historic blocks from a complex adaptive perspective.Taking the Hui-Fang area in Xi'an,a historic block,as an example,the paper employs quantitative methods,such as fractal dimension analysis and space syntax,to uncover both the complex external manifestations of the morphological system and the underlying adaptive cycle mechanisms of the agent system.Furthermore,it identifies three distinct adaptive evolutionary pathways of spatial form:unidirectional control,bidirectional guidance,and multi-level symbiosis.This research expands epistemological understandings of morphological evolution and provides theoretical support for the development of urban spaces in historic blocks that reflect regional cultural significance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41701514 and 52068034)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(No.20161BAB213074)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research(Jiangxi Normal University)Ministry of Education(Nos.PK2021007 and PK2017005).
文摘Traditional villages are precious historical and cultural heritage.Here,we investigate Fuzhou area of Jiangxi Province,China,and consider 114 national-level and provincial-level traditional villages,applying fieldwork,historical document searches,GIS spatial analysis,spatial syntax analysis,and other methods to explore the spatial form characteristics of traditional villages in this area on a macroscopic and microscopic(individual)level,and the relationships between scales.It is found that on a macroscopic regional level,the spatial distribution of traditional villages is unevenly distributed at a low altitude and at a close proximity to water systems;while on a microscopic level,traditional villages are mainly small and medium-sized,with landscape environments mainly determined by eight different types of waterfront hills.Among the four types of village boundaries,there are more villages with finger-like characteristics,including finger-like villages with banded features and finger-like villages with cluster characteristics.The living environment patterns mostly determined by four different types of comb settlements due to the limitations of regional environments as well as the topographic and cultural factors.Our results are significant for the improved evolution,protection,and development of traditional villages such as those found in the Fuzhou area.
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51308365,51778389)the 2010 Science and Technology Project Plan of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(2010-R2-7)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Provincial Construction System(2015ZD27)the PhaseⅡProject of Superior Discipline Construction of Universities in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Qinglan Projectthe Graduate Education Innovation Project of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(SKCX16_011)。
文摘Southern Jiangsu Province has a dense water network.Under the guidance of the new concept of harmonious development between humans and nature proposed at the 19 th CPC National Congress,it is of great significance to build a good spatial relationship between the town and its water system.Using the grid method,this paper calculates the fractal dimension of construction land and water space of 20 towns in Suzhou City since 1995,finding that the fractal dimension of town construction land rises rapidly,whereas that of water space drops slowly on a high dimension.In addition,the spatial form of town construction land and water space form are characterized by planar aggregation and sporadic growth respectively.The paper discusses the evolutionary characteristics of the fractal correlation of construction land and water space in towns with low-,medium-,and high-density water networks,as well as the represented spatial form relations and the underlying relationship between humans and nature.It concludes with an ecological restoration strategy of the two-way interaction between construction land and water space in different types of towns,which may provide a reference for the ecological progress of towns in southern Jiangsu Province.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006BAJ03A04, 2006BAJ4B067)
文摘In the process of unprecedented urbanization in contemporary China, a great many of Chinese cities have witnessed a rapid expansion of urban scale to different degrees. With the continuous compilation, amendment and enforcement of urban planning, the functional structure, spatial environment, street patterns and textures and even the social aspect of cities have changed conspicuously, all of which have directly happened to the spatial forms of the dimension, or even the multi-dimension of a certain city. By describing and analyzing the structure, evolution and explicit tokens of the spatial forms of cities, this thesis attempts to set up a model of factors that affect urban forms, as well as discuss the attributes, protection, adjustment and development-potential of urban land closely associated with forms. In addition, on the basis of the professional features for urban design to participate in the modeling and construction-management of desirable spatial forms of cities, the author has put forward technical measures for quantitatively appraising and analyzing the large-scaled spatial forms of cities, thus offering technical support to municipal governments and management departments of planned construction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40872137)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (GrantNo.D2007000751)
文摘This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag poly-metallic ore resources are concentrated in North Hebei. However, there has existed a long-standing controversy on the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources and their ore-forming material sources. In terms of age dating and the comprehensive analysis of S, Pb, O, C and Si isotopes, it is considered that the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources in this mantle branch structure zone is obviously controlled by the Fuping mantle branch structure. In space there is developed such a metallogenic pattern as to be Ag, Pb and Zn polymetallic ore deposits with gold appearing inside and copper appearing outside. Metallogenesis is dated mainly at Yanshanian, the ore-forming materials were derived predominantly from the deep interior of the Earth, and ore-forming fluids were derived largely from Yanshanian magmatism.
基金Supported by Sponsored Program of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(09JK136)~~
文摘By taking Sanyi Village in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province for example,the paper analyzed evolution of morphological structure of courtyard landscape,and tried to analyze its happening condition,so as to search for inherent law of development and evolution of courtyard landscape structure of rural settlement,explore the formation worth keeping and regaining during evolution process.Based on protection of original courtyard landscape morphological structure of traditional rural settlement,it made an attempt to establish a new method to guide the construction of settlement landscape at new period,realizing sustainable and virtuous cycle development mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571070)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2002CB410807)the Project of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C33067)
文摘The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772287 and 41502268)the Research Program of Zhejiang Provincial Communication Department(No.2016-2-16)
文摘This study aims at the probabilistic assessment of tunnel convergence considering the spatial variability in rock mass properties. The method of interpolated autocorrelation combined with finite difference analysis is adopted to model the spatial variability of rock mass properties. An iterative procedure using the first-order reliability method(FORM) and response surface method(RSM) is employed to compute the reliability index and its corresponding design point. The results indicate that the spatial variability considerably affects the computed reliability index. The probability of failure could be noticeably overestimated in the case where the spatial variability is neglected. The vertical scale of fluctuation has a much higher effect on the probabilistic result with respect to the tunnel convergence than the horizontal scale of fluctuation. And the influence of different spacing of control points on the computational accuracy is investigated.
基金Sponsored by General Projects of Philosophical and Social Sciences Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(2019SJA1726)
文摘The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.
文摘Based on historical evolution of Heijing,this paper analyzed the landscape features of natural landscape,general structure and man-made architecture in Heijing.Meanwhile,it revealed its historical position as a place with thousands years of salt production as well as its solid economic financial resources.This article described and analysed the ancient town's space forms and the feelings from three space areas which are the natural environment,the artificial building and the spiritual cultural.The final conclusion hoped to supply a referent value in knowing well of the Heijing town and studying its construction and development as the role of an important commercial town in Ming and Qing dynasty.
