Green prevention and control management of soil-borne fungal diseases is a hot topic in agriculture,ecology,and the environment.It is an important way to effectively prevent and control soil-borne fungal diseases,solv...Green prevention and control management of soil-borne fungal diseases is a hot topic in agriculture,ecology,and the environment.It is an important way to effectively prevent and control soil-borne fungal diseases,solve soil degradation caused by continuous cropping obstacles,and fulfill the sustainable development of agriculture through revealing the mechanisms of functional substances to develop highly effective soil amendments.Humic acid shows an inhibitory effect on soil-borne pathogenic fungi,such as Fusarium oxysporum,Choanephora cucurbitarum,and Rhizoctonia solani,with the inhibition rate exceeding 80%.The molecular and elemental composition and contents of–COOH,phenolic C,methoxy group C,carboxyl C,aromatic C–O,anomeric C,and other functional groups of humic acid have been inferred to be responsible for its inhibitory effects on pathogenic fungi in previous research.The inhibitory mechanisms mainly include cell physiological morphology,biochemical process reactions,and molecular signal transduction.This review systematically summarizes the chemical structure,fungistatic effects,variable characteristics,and inhibitory mechanisms of humic acid,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of green and efficient prevention and control technologies for soil-borne fungal diseases.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to obtain biocontrol strains with good control effects against ginseng soil-borne disease through screening. [ Method] Dilu- tion plate method and plate confrontation culture method were use...[ Objective] The paper was to obtain biocontrol strains with good control effects against ginseng soil-borne disease through screening. [ Method] Dilu- tion plate method and plate confrontation culture method were used to isolate and screen biocontrol bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng. The strains were identified through morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA. [ Result ] With Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fu- sarium solani as the indicator strains, two biocontrol strains B59 and X1 with strong antagonistic effects were screened from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng in Tieli farm of Heilongjiang Province, and they were identified to be Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition rates of two biocontrol strains against eight different fungi were all greater than 90%. The primary study indicated that B59 and X1 strains could secrete antifungal active substances. [ Conclusion] Two biocontrol Bacillus subti- lis strains 1359 and X1 all had strong antagonistic effect against ginseng soil-borne disease, which had certain potential for development and utilization.展开更多
Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis coded,B4,B7,B8 and B10 were examined as biocontrol agents for their abilities and antagonistic effect on the in vitro growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi of peanut,Rhizoctonia so...Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis coded,B4,B7,B8 and B10 were examined as biocontrol agents for their abilities and antagonistic effect on the in vitro growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi of peanut,Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4(GenBank accession no.EF150884)was the highly effective one for inhibiting the fungal mycelial growth.Batch fermentation of B.subtilis isolate B4 was carried out and the maximum biomass achieved was 4.53 g L-1 at 11 h.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4 was formulated and evaluated as a biofungicide to reduce peanut soil-borne diseases under greenhouse and field conditions at the side of Rizolex-T(fungicide)as standard.Treatments by formulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)B.subtilis B4 and Rizolex-T in a soil infested with R.solani,S.rolfsii and mixture of them were more effective in decreasing percentage of damping-off,root and pod rot disease incidence(%)in greenhouse and open field environment during the two seasons 2015 and 2016.Treatments by PGPR gave highly dry weight and number of healthy pods compared to control of fungi treatment which was nearby to dry weights of healthy pods achieved by treatments by Rizolex-T in a soil infested with S.rolfsii,R.solani and mixture of them.Formulated PGPR B.subtilis B4 gave higher increasing of yield percentage than treatment by Rizolex-T in the two evaluated seasons 2015 and 2016.It can conclude that the produced bioforumlated agent was more efficient as fungicide when compared with the other chemical synthesized fungicides,safe for human and the environment and economy.展开更多
In recent years,potato soil-borne diseases have occurred severely.The investigation shows that potato Fusarium wilt greatly affects potato yield,leading to a yield reduction rate of 21.8%.Potato powdery scab shows ver...In recent years,potato soil-borne diseases have occurred severely.The investigation shows that potato Fusarium wilt greatly affects potato yield,leading to a yield reduction rate of 21.8%.Potato powdery scab shows very mild symptoms on potato tuber,basically with no symptoms in some plots,but shows obvious symptoms on the root system.A large number of nodules which are produced on one side of the root system seriously affect water and fertilizer absorption function of the potato root system.Potato tubers expand slowly,leading to small potato tuber,low yield and low commodity rate.The fungus can survive in soil for more than 10 years.Potato soil-borne diseases are harmful and are difficult to control.Susceptible plants can be detected by high definition chromatographic control method and pathogen detection.For prevention and control of potato soil-borne diseases,first of all,disease-resistant varieties should be chosen and virus-free potato seeds are used for sowing.Secondly,metham and dazomet can be used to treat soil in order to prevent and control potato soil-borne diseases.The results showed that the dead seedling rate treated by metham was reduced from 35%to 12.5%compared with the blank control,and the yield was increased by 44.09 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 18.2%.Compared with the blank control,the dead seedling rate treated by dazomet was decreased from 35%to 7.5%,and the yield was increased by 38.10 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 15.7%.The soil treatment received obvious yield increase effect.展开更多
Response of 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Hungary varied within large limits to soil borne Rhizoctonia infection. The most frequent symptom, usually leading to damping off was the root neck necrosis. Four significa...Response of 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Hungary varied within large limits to soil borne Rhizoctonia infection. The most frequent symptom, usually leading to damping off was the root neck necrosis. Four significant factors influencing the susceptibility of wheat comprised 71% of total variation but none of them was dominant. The inhibition of development of survivors in Rhizoctonia infested soil correlated with overall susceptibility of variety concerned. The varieties Emese, Kikelet and Palotás are proved to be less susceptible, but none of the varieties could be certified as tolerant. No relationships were revealed between pathogenicity of 26 Rhizoctonia strains studied and their taxonomic position or origin. The anamorph strains of Athelia, Ceratobasidium, Ceratorhiza and Waitea similar to Thanatephorus anamorphs selectively infected the wheat varieties, but the syndromatic pictures were undistinguishable with unarmed eye. R. solani was proved to be more aggressive against germinating wheat than R. cerealis. Nine significant factors influencing the virulence of Rhizoctonia strains comprised 82% of total variation, and six of them influenced exclusively Thanatephorus anamorphs.展开更多
In the current development process of garden industry, soil-borne diseases are the most important factors limiting its yield and quality. In the actual production process, growers should continuously strengthen their ...In the current development process of garden industry, soil-borne diseases are the most important factors limiting its yield and quality. In the actual production process, growers should continuously strengthen their prevention and management. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation of the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of horticultural crops, and on this basis, puts forward the corresponding countermeasures from the perspectives of farming prevention, biological prevention, chemical prevention and physical prevention, so as to promote the stable development of the industry.展开更多
Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,th...Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,the altruistic microbiome and its assembly mechanism driven by root exudates remain largely un-known.Here,we identified altruistic but self-detrimental phenomena when garlic was rotated with other crops based on meta-analysis and in vivo experiments.Studies utilizing a globally adopted garlic-pepper rotation system demonstrated density-dependent enrichment of key microbial taxa,especially the Penicil-lium genus,which supports the healthy growth of non-Allium plants but exhibits pathogenicity toward garlic.Furthermore,we found that garlic roots stably secrete diallyl disulfide(DADS)into soil,imposing reactive oxygen species(ROS)stress in the rhizosphere and reshaping the microbial community,particu-larly suppressing ROS-sensitive pathogens while enriching ROS-tolerant beneficial microorganisms.As a result,Penicillium allii,with strong oxidative stress tolerance,survives and accumulates in the highly stressful garlic rhizosphere environment,thereby playing an"altruistic but self-detrimental"role in the rotation system.In addition,preliminary field experiments showed that co-application of DADS with P.allii could enhance stable colonization of P.allii,promoting sustainable management of soil-borne dis-eases and improving yield.In summary,this study reveals that garlic root exudate DADS triggers ROS-mediated selection pressure,enriching stress-tolerant P.allii and establishing an "altruistic" microbiome succession mechanism in crop-rotation systems.This mechanism enables targeted soil-borne disease management through plant-driven microbial community engineering.展开更多
Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of s...Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of soil nutrients and microbial community in the fields with different rates of wilt disease remains unclear.In this study,we examined the potential interrelationships among the nutrients,bacteria,fungi,and protists in rhizospheric soils collected from the fields with watermelon cropping for 7 years at the Zhuanghang Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.The soils collected were characterized by a high(HW,81.25%)or low(LW,6.25%)wilting rate.The HW soil was found to contain a higher abundance of Fusarium oxysporum(1.30-fold higher)than the LW soil,along with higher contents of available phosphorus(1.31-fold higher)and available potassium(2.39-fold higher).In addition,the interkingdom correlation between protists and bacteria in the HW soil was 2.08-fold higher than that in the LW soil.Furthermore,structural equation modeling revealed that an excess of soil available potassium enhanced the predation by potentially detrimental phagotrophic protists on potentially beneficial bacteria.In summary,our findings indicated that a balanced nutrient input and the interactions between protists(Cercomonas and Colpoda)and beneficial bacteria(Bacillus)played important roles in controlling the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207371 and 32071642)the Scientific Project of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,China(No.2021kj17)the Key Research Projects of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,China(No.2023kj14)。
文摘Green prevention and control management of soil-borne fungal diseases is a hot topic in agriculture,ecology,and the environment.It is an important way to effectively prevent and control soil-borne fungal diseases,solve soil degradation caused by continuous cropping obstacles,and fulfill the sustainable development of agriculture through revealing the mechanisms of functional substances to develop highly effective soil amendments.Humic acid shows an inhibitory effect on soil-borne pathogenic fungi,such as Fusarium oxysporum,Choanephora cucurbitarum,and Rhizoctonia solani,with the inhibition rate exceeding 80%.The molecular and elemental composition and contents of–COOH,phenolic C,methoxy group C,carboxyl C,aromatic C–O,anomeric C,and other functional groups of humic acid have been inferred to be responsible for its inhibitory effects on pathogenic fungi in previous research.The inhibitory mechanisms mainly include cell physiological morphology,biochemical process reactions,and molecular signal transduction.This review systematically summarizes the chemical structure,fungistatic effects,variable characteristics,and inhibitory mechanisms of humic acid,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of green and efficient prevention and control technologies for soil-borne fungal diseases.
基金Supported by Major Scientific and Technological Project in Heilongjiang Province (GA08B101)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to obtain biocontrol strains with good control effects against ginseng soil-borne disease through screening. [ Method] Dilu- tion plate method and plate confrontation culture method were used to isolate and screen biocontrol bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng. The strains were identified through morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA. [ Result ] With Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fu- sarium solani as the indicator strains, two biocontrol strains B59 and X1 with strong antagonistic effects were screened from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng in Tieli farm of Heilongjiang Province, and they were identified to be Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition rates of two biocontrol strains against eight different fungi were all greater than 90%. The primary study indicated that B59 and X1 strains could secrete antifungal active substances. [ Conclusion] Two biocontrol Bacillus subti- lis strains 1359 and X1 all had strong antagonistic effect against ginseng soil-borne disease, which had certain potential for development and utilization.
文摘Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis coded,B4,B7,B8 and B10 were examined as biocontrol agents for their abilities and antagonistic effect on the in vitro growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi of peanut,Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4(GenBank accession no.EF150884)was the highly effective one for inhibiting the fungal mycelial growth.Batch fermentation of B.subtilis isolate B4 was carried out and the maximum biomass achieved was 4.53 g L-1 at 11 h.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4 was formulated and evaluated as a biofungicide to reduce peanut soil-borne diseases under greenhouse and field conditions at the side of Rizolex-T(fungicide)as standard.Treatments by formulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)B.subtilis B4 and Rizolex-T in a soil infested with R.solani,S.rolfsii and mixture of them were more effective in decreasing percentage of damping-off,root and pod rot disease incidence(%)in greenhouse and open field environment during the two seasons 2015 and 2016.Treatments by PGPR gave highly dry weight and number of healthy pods compared to control of fungi treatment which was nearby to dry weights of healthy pods achieved by treatments by Rizolex-T in a soil infested with S.rolfsii,R.solani and mixture of them.Formulated PGPR B.subtilis B4 gave higher increasing of yield percentage than treatment by Rizolex-T in the two evaluated seasons 2015 and 2016.It can conclude that the produced bioforumlated agent was more efficient as fungicide when compared with the other chemical synthesized fungicides,safe for human and the environment and economy.
基金Special Project of Potato Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-14).
文摘In recent years,potato soil-borne diseases have occurred severely.The investigation shows that potato Fusarium wilt greatly affects potato yield,leading to a yield reduction rate of 21.8%.Potato powdery scab shows very mild symptoms on potato tuber,basically with no symptoms in some plots,but shows obvious symptoms on the root system.A large number of nodules which are produced on one side of the root system seriously affect water and fertilizer absorption function of the potato root system.Potato tubers expand slowly,leading to small potato tuber,low yield and low commodity rate.The fungus can survive in soil for more than 10 years.Potato soil-borne diseases are harmful and are difficult to control.Susceptible plants can be detected by high definition chromatographic control method and pathogen detection.For prevention and control of potato soil-borne diseases,first of all,disease-resistant varieties should be chosen and virus-free potato seeds are used for sowing.Secondly,metham and dazomet can be used to treat soil in order to prevent and control potato soil-borne diseases.The results showed that the dead seedling rate treated by metham was reduced from 35%to 12.5%compared with the blank control,and the yield was increased by 44.09 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 18.2%.Compared with the blank control,the dead seedling rate treated by dazomet was decreased from 35%to 7.5%,and the yield was increased by 38.10 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 15.7%.The soil treatment received obvious yield increase effect.
文摘Response of 19 wheat varieties cultivated in Hungary varied within large limits to soil borne Rhizoctonia infection. The most frequent symptom, usually leading to damping off was the root neck necrosis. Four significant factors influencing the susceptibility of wheat comprised 71% of total variation but none of them was dominant. The inhibition of development of survivors in Rhizoctonia infested soil correlated with overall susceptibility of variety concerned. The varieties Emese, Kikelet and Palotás are proved to be less susceptible, but none of the varieties could be certified as tolerant. No relationships were revealed between pathogenicity of 26 Rhizoctonia strains studied and their taxonomic position or origin. The anamorph strains of Athelia, Ceratobasidium, Ceratorhiza and Waitea similar to Thanatephorus anamorphs selectively infected the wheat varieties, but the syndromatic pictures were undistinguishable with unarmed eye. R. solani was proved to be more aggressive against germinating wheat than R. cerealis. Nine significant factors influencing the virulence of Rhizoctonia strains comprised 82% of total variation, and six of them influenced exclusively Thanatephorus anamorphs.
文摘In the current development process of garden industry, soil-borne diseases are the most important factors limiting its yield and quality. In the actual production process, growers should continuously strengthen their prevention and management. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation of the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of horticultural crops, and on this basis, puts forward the corresponding countermeasures from the perspectives of farming prevention, biological prevention, chemical prevention and physical prevention, so as to promote the stable development of the industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0107500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260706)+1 种基金Colorful Yunnan Postdoctoral Program(A3012025211)Gansu Province Postdoctoral Special Project(25JRRG024).
文摘Crops leave a soil legacy with altruistic effects for subsequent crops but not for themselves.While research has focused on improvements in soil physicochemical properties and the suppression of non-host patho-gens,the altruistic microbiome and its assembly mechanism driven by root exudates remain largely un-known.Here,we identified altruistic but self-detrimental phenomena when garlic was rotated with other crops based on meta-analysis and in vivo experiments.Studies utilizing a globally adopted garlic-pepper rotation system demonstrated density-dependent enrichment of key microbial taxa,especially the Penicil-lium genus,which supports the healthy growth of non-Allium plants but exhibits pathogenicity toward garlic.Furthermore,we found that garlic roots stably secrete diallyl disulfide(DADS)into soil,imposing reactive oxygen species(ROS)stress in the rhizosphere and reshaping the microbial community,particu-larly suppressing ROS-sensitive pathogens while enriching ROS-tolerant beneficial microorganisms.As a result,Penicillium allii,with strong oxidative stress tolerance,survives and accumulates in the highly stressful garlic rhizosphere environment,thereby playing an"altruistic but self-detrimental"role in the rotation system.In addition,preliminary field experiments showed that co-application of DADS with P.allii could enhance stable colonization of P.allii,promoting sustainable management of soil-borne dis-eases and improving yield.In summary,this study reveals that garlic root exudate DADS triggers ROS-mediated selection pressure,enriching stress-tolerant P.allii and establishing an "altruistic" microbiome succession mechanism in crop-rotation systems.This mechanism enables targeted soil-borne disease management through plant-driven microbial community engineering.
基金supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau,China(Nos.2021Z0472021Z04)+3 种基金the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2022SNJF024)the Outstanding Team Program of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science 425,China(No.Hu-Nong-Ke-Zhuo 2022(008))the National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Fengxian,China(No.NAES035AE03)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China。
文摘Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of soil nutrients and microbial community in the fields with different rates of wilt disease remains unclear.In this study,we examined the potential interrelationships among the nutrients,bacteria,fungi,and protists in rhizospheric soils collected from the fields with watermelon cropping for 7 years at the Zhuanghang Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.The soils collected were characterized by a high(HW,81.25%)or low(LW,6.25%)wilting rate.The HW soil was found to contain a higher abundance of Fusarium oxysporum(1.30-fold higher)than the LW soil,along with higher contents of available phosphorus(1.31-fold higher)and available potassium(2.39-fold higher).In addition,the interkingdom correlation between protists and bacteria in the HW soil was 2.08-fold higher than that in the LW soil.Furthermore,structural equation modeling revealed that an excess of soil available potassium enhanced the predation by potentially detrimental phagotrophic protists on potentially beneficial bacteria.In summary,our findings indicated that a balanced nutrient input and the interactions between protists(Cercomonas and Colpoda)and beneficial bacteria(Bacillus)played important roles in controlling the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt.
