Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of t...Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of the lack of a stable surface structure to inhibit interfacial side reactions.In this study,a stable LiF@spinel dual shell was constructed on the surface of Li-rich materials,in which spinel is formed by in situ surface recon-struction,and LiF is bonded to the spinel through the Ni–F bond.The spinel serves as a buffer layer between the LiF coating and the Li-rich oxide,providing a three-dimensional Li-ion diffusion channel to improve the Li-ion diffusion coefficient,while the outer LiF plays a critical role in isolating the cathode from the electrolyte.Under the abovementioned dual effect,the interfacial side reactions of Li-rich materials are inhibited,thereby improving their cycle stability.The obtained LiF@spinel-coated Li-rich cathode exhibits an enhanced capacity retention of 81.5%after 150 cycles at a current density of 2 C,which is better than the pristine Li-rich sample(63.2%).These findings indicate that the construction of the LiF@spinel dual shell is a successful strategy for the modification of Li-rich materials.展开更多
Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,...Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.展开更多
This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were perfor...This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were performed to investigate the occurrence of side reactions in both the H2SO4 and HI x phases from the H2SO4/HI/I2/H2O quaternary system within a constant temperature range of 323-363 K.The effects of iodine content,water content and reaction temperature on the side reactions were evaluated.The results showed that an increase in the reaction temperature promoted the side reactions.However,they were prevented as the iodine or water content increased.The occurrence of side reactions was faster in kinetics and more intense in the H2SO4 phase than in the HI x phase.The sulfur or hydrogen sulfide formation reaction or the reverse Bunsen reaction was validated under certain conditions.展开更多
During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experi...During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out,and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper.The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main reaction,but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates.The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed,and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction.According to the mechanism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers,a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was developed,and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves.The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.展开更多
Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes an...Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes and thrombocytes, and the activities of both natural killer (NK) cells and intCrleukin(IL) - 2. The findings showed that the counts of both leukocytes and thrombo cytes in acupuncture group had no significant changes while those of control group lowered consider ably, displaying a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01 ). The activities of NK cells and IL - 2 of acupuncture group raised apparently while that of NK cells and IL - 2 in control group lowered markedly. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01 ). In acupuncture group, radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of the d1gest1ve system and ner vous system were strikingly less than those of the control group, suggesting that acupuncture can pro nouncedly ameliorate radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of arrest of bone marrow, im munosuppression, digestive system and nervous system.展开更多
During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of produc...During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of product IM is postulated and discussed on the basis of deuterium labelling.展开更多
A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is...A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is described.展开更多
Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digit...Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.展开更多
Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition ...Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER)are essential for the development of ICRFBs and require a novel catalyst design.However,elucidating the underlying mechanisms for modulating catalyst behaviors remains an unresolved challenge.Here,we show a novel precisely controlled preparation of a novel thermal-treated carbon cloth electrode with a uniform deposit of low-cost indium catalyst particles.The density functional theory analysis reveals the In catalyst has a significant adsorption effect on the reactants and improves the redox reaction activity of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).Moreover,H+is more easily absorbed on the surface of the catalyst with a high migration energy barrier,thereby inhibiting the occurrence of HER.The assembled ICRFBs have an average energy efficiency of 83.91%at 140 mA cm^(-2),and this method minimizes the electrodeposition process and cleans the last obstacle for industry long cycle operation requirements.The ICRFBs exhibit exceptional long-term stability with an energy efficiency decay rate of 0.011%per cycle at 1000 cycles,the lowest ICRFBs reported so far.Therefore,this study provides a promising strategy for developing ICRFBs with low costs and long cycle life.展开更多
NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,ine...NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,inevitable interface issues often cause severe performance degradation,seriously affecting its commercial application.Herein,a lithiophilic carbon buffer layer is constructed on the LAGP surface adjacent to the Li electrode side by a facile pyrolysis reaction,then the LiC_(x) interlayer is generated in situ between the carbon buffer layer and lithium metal,which can guide uniform ion transport while improving interface contact.Thus,the LiC_(x)-LAGP showed excellent ionic conductivity,high flexibility and lithiophilic interphase.Specially,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|Li battery has achieved a 1000 h stable cycles at 0.1 mA/cm^(2),remarkably,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|LFP battery retains 85%of their initial capacity after 200 cycles under 1 C,even for the NCM811 cathode,the battery still has a good cycle performance.展开更多
目的探讨达格列净联合阿托伐他汀在糖尿病性心肌病(DCM)中的疗效。方法选择河南省洛阳市中心医院2020年6月至2023年6月收治的120例DCM患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(阿托伐他汀)与观察组(阿托伐他汀联合达格列净)。均持续治疗6个月,随...目的探讨达格列净联合阿托伐他汀在糖尿病性心肌病(DCM)中的疗效。方法选择河南省洛阳市中心医院2020年6月至2023年6月收治的120例DCM患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(阿托伐他汀)与观察组(阿托伐他汀联合达格列净)。均持续治疗6个月,随访6个月。对比2组临床疗效、心室重构指标[左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)以及左心室质量指数(LVMI)]、糖脂代谢指标[餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)]、心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期前后径(LVEDs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)]、心肌标志物[心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]及不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率(58/60,96.7%)高于对照组(51/60,85.0%),治疗后LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVMI水平均低于对照组,2 h PG、FBG、TC及TG水平均低于对照组,LVEDs、LVEDd水平均低于对照组,LVEF水平均高于对照组,cTnT、cTnI、CK-MB指标水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论达格列净联合阿托伐他汀治疗DCM的疗效显著,可改善糖脂代谢指标、心室重构及心肌标志物指标水平,促进心脏功能恢复,且应用安全性较好。展开更多
基金funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.ZD2022042)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(Grant No.DXK202315)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.52104304 and 51902081)Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.246Z4409G)the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University(Grant No.IT2023B07).
文摘Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of the lack of a stable surface structure to inhibit interfacial side reactions.In this study,a stable LiF@spinel dual shell was constructed on the surface of Li-rich materials,in which spinel is formed by in situ surface recon-struction,and LiF is bonded to the spinel through the Ni–F bond.The spinel serves as a buffer layer between the LiF coating and the Li-rich oxide,providing a three-dimensional Li-ion diffusion channel to improve the Li-ion diffusion coefficient,while the outer LiF plays a critical role in isolating the cathode from the electrolyte.Under the abovementioned dual effect,the interfacial side reactions of Li-rich materials are inhibited,thereby improving their cycle stability.The obtained LiF@spinel-coated Li-rich cathode exhibits an enhanced capacity retention of 81.5%after 150 cycles at a current density of 2 C,which is better than the pristine Li-rich sample(63.2%).These findings indicate that the construction of the LiF@spinel dual shell is a successful strategy for the modification of Li-rich materials.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772069 and 52072099)。
文摘Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.
基金Project (No. 51006088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were performed to investigate the occurrence of side reactions in both the H2SO4 and HI x phases from the H2SO4/HI/I2/H2O quaternary system within a constant temperature range of 323-363 K.The effects of iodine content,water content and reaction temperature on the side reactions were evaluated.The results showed that an increase in the reaction temperature promoted the side reactions.However,they were prevented as the iodine or water content increased.The occurrence of side reactions was faster in kinetics and more intense in the H2SO4 phase than in the HI x phase.The sulfur or hydrogen sulfide formation reaction or the reverse Bunsen reaction was validated under certain conditions.
基金Supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China （20080672） and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （200803351111）.
文摘During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out,and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper.The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main reaction,but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates.The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed,and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction.According to the mechanism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers,a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was developed,and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves.The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.
文摘Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes and thrombocytes, and the activities of both natural killer (NK) cells and intCrleukin(IL) - 2. The findings showed that the counts of both leukocytes and thrombo cytes in acupuncture group had no significant changes while those of control group lowered consider ably, displaying a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01 ). The activities of NK cells and IL - 2 of acupuncture group raised apparently while that of NK cells and IL - 2 in control group lowered markedly. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01 ). In acupuncture group, radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of the d1gest1ve system and ner vous system were strikingly less than those of the control group, suggesting that acupuncture can pro nouncedly ameliorate radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of arrest of bone marrow, im munosuppression, digestive system and nervous system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of product IM is postulated and discussed on the basis of deuterium labelling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20072012)the Special Research Grant for Doctoral Sites in Chinese Universities(Grant No.20010730001).
文摘A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is described.
文摘Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308378,22308380,22393963)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023XKBH005,ZX20230078).
文摘Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER)are essential for the development of ICRFBs and require a novel catalyst design.However,elucidating the underlying mechanisms for modulating catalyst behaviors remains an unresolved challenge.Here,we show a novel precisely controlled preparation of a novel thermal-treated carbon cloth electrode with a uniform deposit of low-cost indium catalyst particles.The density functional theory analysis reveals the In catalyst has a significant adsorption effect on the reactants and improves the redox reaction activity of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).Moreover,H+is more easily absorbed on the surface of the catalyst with a high migration energy barrier,thereby inhibiting the occurrence of HER.The assembled ICRFBs have an average energy efficiency of 83.91%at 140 mA cm^(-2),and this method minimizes the electrodeposition process and cleans the last obstacle for industry long cycle operation requirements.The ICRFBs exhibit exceptional long-term stability with an energy efficiency decay rate of 0.011%per cycle at 1000 cycles,the lowest ICRFBs reported so far.Therefore,this study provides a promising strategy for developing ICRFBs with low costs and long cycle life.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372188,51902090)Henan Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions(Nos.24A150019,23A150038)+4 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province(No.22A150042)the National students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.201910476010)CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation&Incubation Center(No.2024121)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019 M652546)the Henan Province Postdoctoral Start-Up Foundation(No.1901017).
文摘NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,inevitable interface issues often cause severe performance degradation,seriously affecting its commercial application.Herein,a lithiophilic carbon buffer layer is constructed on the LAGP surface adjacent to the Li electrode side by a facile pyrolysis reaction,then the LiC_(x) interlayer is generated in situ between the carbon buffer layer and lithium metal,which can guide uniform ion transport while improving interface contact.Thus,the LiC_(x)-LAGP showed excellent ionic conductivity,high flexibility and lithiophilic interphase.Specially,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|Li battery has achieved a 1000 h stable cycles at 0.1 mA/cm^(2),remarkably,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|LFP battery retains 85%of their initial capacity after 200 cycles under 1 C,even for the NCM811 cathode,the battery still has a good cycle performance.
文摘目的探讨达格列净联合阿托伐他汀在糖尿病性心肌病(DCM)中的疗效。方法选择河南省洛阳市中心医院2020年6月至2023年6月收治的120例DCM患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(阿托伐他汀)与观察组(阿托伐他汀联合达格列净)。均持续治疗6个月,随访6个月。对比2组临床疗效、心室重构指标[左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)以及左心室质量指数(LVMI)]、糖脂代谢指标[餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)]、心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期前后径(LVEDs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)]、心肌标志物[心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]及不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率(58/60,96.7%)高于对照组(51/60,85.0%),治疗后LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVMI水平均低于对照组,2 h PG、FBG、TC及TG水平均低于对照组,LVEDs、LVEDd水平均低于对照组,LVEF水平均高于对照组,cTnT、cTnI、CK-MB指标水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论达格列净联合阿托伐他汀治疗DCM的疗效显著,可改善糖脂代谢指标、心室重构及心肌标志物指标水平,促进心脏功能恢复,且应用安全性较好。
