A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should...A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.展开更多
In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimi...In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimize average delay of arterial vehicles by training the interaction ability between agents and exterior environments. The Robertson platoon dispersion model is embedded in the RL algorithm to precisely predict platoon movements on arteries and then the reward function is developed based on the dispersion model and delay equations cited by HCM2000. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in a Matlab environment and comparisons between the algorithm and the conventional coordination algorithm are conducted in three different traffic load scenarios. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in all the scenarios. Moreover, with the increase in saturation degree, the performance is improved more significantly. The results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the established algorithm.展开更多
In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared...In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the dispersion properties of the resulting graphene in an aqueous solution of silane coupling agents.Results show that all six types of silane coupling agents are efficient in promoting the dispersion of graphene in aqueous solutions,and no obvious sedimentation of the graphene dispersion solution is observed after a stationary storage period of 30 d.Taking 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH-550)as an example,after the graphene is dispersed in the KH-550 aqueous solution,the carboxyl group on the surface of the graphene reacts with the KH-550 amino group to form an amide bond,and KH-550 is successfully grafted onto the graphene surface.Polar functional groups ionize in water,creating an electrostatic repulsion effect,or hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,which is believed to improve the dispersion stability of graphene.The dispersed graphene is curled and contains many folds.Each fold has about three or four layers,with an interlayer spacing of about 0.65 nm.The dispersed graphene also has a complete lattice and a reduced number of defects.Nanographene disperses well in silane coupling agent aqueous solutions and can,therefore,be used to prepare cement-based composites.展开更多
Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents....Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents. The drugs used include: mexiletine (8 cases), moricizine (9), propafenone (12) and apridine (1). GrouP Ⅱ was composed of other 30 patients, and were all treated with amiodarone. The ddlerences of QT intervals between ECG leads (QTd and QTcd) were measured belore and aler medication. Results Before medication, the QTmax and QTcmax in group Ⅱ were signilicantly longer than those of group Ⅰ, resulting in greater QTd and QTcd in grouP Ⅱ (QTd:66± 14ms vs 31± 16ms, P<0.01; QTcd:71±36ms vs 44± 18ms, P<0.01). Alter medication, QTmax and QTcmax of group Ⅰ were prolonged, leading to the lengthening of QTd (from 31±16ms to 45±17ms, P<0.01) and QTcd (from 44± 18 ms to 58± 21ms, P<0.05), indicating the increase of inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization after the treatment of class Ⅰ agents. Alter amiodarone treatment, QTmin and QTmax in grouP Ⅱ were both prolonged, with a greater amplitude of QTmin prolongation, resulting in decreased QTd and QTcd in group Ⅱ (QTd /rom 66± 14ms to 36±22ms, P<0.01, QTcd from 71±36ms to 45±27ms, P<0.01). The signifcant dofference of QTd and QTcd between two groups disappeared aler medication. Conclusion The results of the present study may relect the opposite effects of amiodarone and these class Ⅰ agents on myocardial repolarization.展开更多
This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 m...This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 mm）,reactive alumina micropowder（ PFR40,PBR,and CL） and calcined alumina micropowder（ AC34 B5 and CT） as the main starting materials,calcium aluminate cement（ Secar71） as the binder,and polycarboxylic acid water reducer WS,FS,and AD as the dispersive agent,respectively. Effects of three dispersive agents addition（ 0. 4 mass% WS,0. 2 mass% FS and 1 mass% AD）,two kinds of reactive alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40 and PBR）,composite alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40-AC34 B5 and CL-CT,the mass ratio from 9/0 to 3/6）on the flow value,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture of Al2 O3-MgO castables were investigated. The results show that：（ 1） with PBR or PFR40,the castables with0. 4 mass% WS own better performance than those with0. 2 mass% FS or 1 mass% AD;（ 2） compared with the castables with CL-CT composite powder, the castables with PFR40-AC34 B5 composite powder have slightly higher flow value; with the decreasing ratio of PFR40 and AC34 B5,or the decreasing ratio of CL andCT,the castables have declined flow value and the dried castable specimens have decreased density but the mildly changed strength; in consideration of the high price of reactive alumina,a proper compositing ratio shall be selected.展开更多
本研究通过自然晾晒(natural air drying,NAD)、热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)及冷等离子体协同热泵干燥(cold plasma with heat pump drying,CP-HPD)制备杏片,经低温超微粉碎后,添加不同质量分数二氧化硅(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1....本研究通过自然晾晒(natural air drying,NAD)、热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)及冷等离子体协同热泵干燥(cold plasma with heat pump drying,CP-HPD)制备杏片,经低温超微粉碎后,添加不同质量分数二氧化硅(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%)、β-环糊精(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)和大豆纤维(0.5%、1.5%、2%、3%、4%)3种抗结剂,综合评价其对杏超微粉理化特性、微观结构及贮藏稳定性的作用机制。结果表明,干燥方式是决定杏粉基础品质的关键,CP-HPD处理显著提高了杏粉的玻璃化转变温度(达38.02℃),24 h吸湿率降低至24.78%,溶解率提升至70.52%。在抗结剂筛选中,添加量0.6%~0.9%的二氧化硅表现出最优综合性能,其低添加量(0.6%)即可实现与高添加量β-环糊精(6%~10%)或大豆纤维(2%~4%)相当的抗结效果,使杏粉溶解率最高达84.33%,吸湿率最低至20.84%,且粉体分散性得到明显改善。本研究证实了“CP-HPD+0.6%二氧化硅”这一工艺组合在杏粉加工中的优越性,不仅可为解决杏粉吸湿结块问题提供有效的技术路径,也可为果蔬粉体的品质控制与产业化应用提供理论依据和实践参考。展开更多
Dispersion copolymerization of styrene with polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae as the cross-linking agent was completed by using poly（N-vinyl pyrrolidone） and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the steric stabilizer ...Dispersion copolymerization of styrene with polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae as the cross-linking agent was completed by using poly（N-vinyl pyrrolidone） and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Crosslinked copolymeric microspheres were prepared directly by the one-step method of dispersion copolymerization. The effects of the content of polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae on the particle morphology and the copolymerization rate were investigated. It shows that the crosslinking agent plays an important role in the particle morphology and the system stability. When the content of crosslinking reached 2.5wt%, the floriated particles were obtained.展开更多
A series of new-type nanometer TiO2 modified polyacrylic copolymer sizing agent were synthesized from acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, nanometer TiO2, oleic acid etc. by orthogonal design method. Results of the studies s...A series of new-type nanometer TiO2 modified polyacrylic copolymer sizing agent were synthesized from acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, nanometer TiO2, oleic acid etc. by orthogonal design method. Results of the studies show that the synthetic method used in this paper was a new way and had never been found in the synthesis of acrylate sizing agent, and that the properties of those new-type size-agent were be improved, which had potential for substituting PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) sizing agent. The technology for solving the problem of nano-scale powder agglomeration and dispersion were also studied. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation showed that nano-TiO2had good dispersion and stability in aqueous solution and in sizing agent solution.展开更多
文摘A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period of China (No. 2009BAG17B02)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2011AA110304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50908100)
文摘In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimize average delay of arterial vehicles by training the interaction ability between agents and exterior environments. The Robertson platoon dispersion model is embedded in the RL algorithm to precisely predict platoon movements on arteries and then the reward function is developed based on the dispersion model and delay equations cited by HCM2000. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in a Matlab environment and comparisons between the algorithm and the conventional coordination algorithm are conducted in three different traffic load scenarios. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in all the scenarios. Moreover, with the increase in saturation degree, the performance is improved more significantly. The results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the established algorithm.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0406701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778133,51739008).
文摘In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the dispersion properties of the resulting graphene in an aqueous solution of silane coupling agents.Results show that all six types of silane coupling agents are efficient in promoting the dispersion of graphene in aqueous solutions,and no obvious sedimentation of the graphene dispersion solution is observed after a stationary storage period of 30 d.Taking 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH-550)as an example,after the graphene is dispersed in the KH-550 aqueous solution,the carboxyl group on the surface of the graphene reacts with the KH-550 amino group to form an amide bond,and KH-550 is successfully grafted onto the graphene surface.Polar functional groups ionize in water,creating an electrostatic repulsion effect,or hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,which is believed to improve the dispersion stability of graphene.The dispersed graphene is curled and contains many folds.Each fold has about three or four layers,with an interlayer spacing of about 0.65 nm.The dispersed graphene also has a complete lattice and a reduced number of defects.Nanographene disperses well in silane coupling agent aqueous solutions and can,therefore,be used to prepare cement-based composites.
文摘Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents. The drugs used include: mexiletine (8 cases), moricizine (9), propafenone (12) and apridine (1). GrouP Ⅱ was composed of other 30 patients, and were all treated with amiodarone. The ddlerences of QT intervals between ECG leads (QTd and QTcd) were measured belore and aler medication. Results Before medication, the QTmax and QTcmax in group Ⅱ were signilicantly longer than those of group Ⅰ, resulting in greater QTd and QTcd in grouP Ⅱ (QTd:66± 14ms vs 31± 16ms, P<0.01; QTcd:71±36ms vs 44± 18ms, P<0.01). Alter medication, QTmax and QTcmax of group Ⅰ were prolonged, leading to the lengthening of QTd (from 31±16ms to 45±17ms, P<0.01) and QTcd (from 44± 18 ms to 58± 21ms, P<0.05), indicating the increase of inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization after the treatment of class Ⅰ agents. Alter amiodarone treatment, QTmin and QTmax in grouP Ⅱ were both prolonged, with a greater amplitude of QTmin prolongation, resulting in decreased QTd and QTcd in group Ⅱ (QTd /rom 66± 14ms to 36±22ms, P<0.01, QTcd from 71±36ms to 45±27ms, P<0.01). The signifcant dofference of QTd and QTcd between two groups disappeared aler medication. Conclusion The results of the present study may relect the opposite effects of amiodarone and these class Ⅰ agents on myocardial repolarization.
文摘This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 mm）,reactive alumina micropowder（ PFR40,PBR,and CL） and calcined alumina micropowder（ AC34 B5 and CT） as the main starting materials,calcium aluminate cement（ Secar71） as the binder,and polycarboxylic acid water reducer WS,FS,and AD as the dispersive agent,respectively. Effects of three dispersive agents addition（ 0. 4 mass% WS,0. 2 mass% FS and 1 mass% AD）,two kinds of reactive alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40 and PBR）,composite alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40-AC34 B5 and CL-CT,the mass ratio from 9/0 to 3/6）on the flow value,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture of Al2 O3-MgO castables were investigated. The results show that：（ 1） with PBR or PFR40,the castables with0. 4 mass% WS own better performance than those with0. 2 mass% FS or 1 mass% AD;（ 2） compared with the castables with CL-CT composite powder, the castables with PFR40-AC34 B5 composite powder have slightly higher flow value; with the decreasing ratio of PFR40 and AC34 B5,or the decreasing ratio of CL andCT,the castables have declined flow value and the dried castable specimens have decreased density but the mildly changed strength; in consideration of the high price of reactive alumina,a proper compositing ratio shall be selected.
文摘Dispersion copolymerization of styrene with polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae as the cross-linking agent was completed by using poly（N-vinyl pyrrolidone） and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Crosslinked copolymeric microspheres were prepared directly by the one-step method of dispersion copolymerization. The effects of the content of polyethylene glycol 200-dimethacrylae on the particle morphology and the copolymerization rate were investigated. It shows that the crosslinking agent plays an important role in the particle morphology and the system stability. When the content of crosslinking reached 2.5wt%, the floriated particles were obtained.
基金Science and Technology Bureau of Nangtong in Jiangsu Province,China(No.A5035)Depart ment of Education,Jiangsu Province,China(No.J HZD06-30)
文摘A series of new-type nanometer TiO2 modified polyacrylic copolymer sizing agent were synthesized from acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, nanometer TiO2, oleic acid etc. by orthogonal design method. Results of the studies show that the synthetic method used in this paper was a new way and had never been found in the synthesis of acrylate sizing agent, and that the properties of those new-type size-agent were be improved, which had potential for substituting PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) sizing agent. The technology for solving the problem of nano-scale powder agglomeration and dispersion were also studied. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation showed that nano-TiO2had good dispersion and stability in aqueous solution and in sizing agent solution.
