针对玉米杂草识别过程中因光照变化导致识别精确度低及漏检问题,该研究以幼苗期玉米及其伴生杂草为研究对象,设计一种基于WEED-YOLOv10的玉米杂草检测方法。首先,通过无人机快速采集田间高分辨率图像构建了玉米杂草数据集;其次,以YOLOv...针对玉米杂草识别过程中因光照变化导致识别精确度低及漏检问题,该研究以幼苗期玉米及其伴生杂草为研究对象,设计一种基于WEED-YOLOv10的玉米杂草检测方法。首先,通过无人机快速采集田间高分辨率图像构建了玉米杂草数据集;其次,以YOLOv10n为基线网络,将骨干网络替换为ConvNeXtV2以增强特征提取能力;继而,为避免因模块拼接可能带来的信息冗余或丢失问题提升对光照干扰的鲁棒性,嵌入CBAM注意力机制;然后,引入SlimNeck结构优化网络计算效率,有效平衡了模型计算资源消耗与特征表征能力;最后,使用Focaler-EIoU损失函数进一步提高模型定位精度。试验结果表明,WEED-YOLOv10在精确率、召回率、mAP@50、mAP@50:95和F1分数上分别达到85.4%、88.1%、90.9%、48.5%和86.7%,较基准模型分别提升了2.4、2.9、3.5、7.0、2.6个百分点,各项精度指标均优于其他对比模型,部署在NVIDIA Jetson orin NX上的图片推理速度达到28.7帧/s,实现了检测速度与精度的平衡。进一步地,基于WEED-YOLOv10开发对靶喷药系统,该系统实时捕捉并解析来自模型的识别信号,实现对除草喷施装置的精准调控。田间试验结果显示,对靶喷药系统施药准确率为93.7%,喷洒覆盖率为90.5%,对靶偏差为1.45cm,杂草实时检测速度为20.1帧/s,实现了自动化的玉米田间除草作业。该研究为复杂光照场景下农田杂草治理提供了可靠的技术方案,对推动农业智能化作业具有重要意义。展开更多
According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural c...According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control and proposed specific methods and technological indices in order to provide technological references for comprehensive control on weeds of millet fields.展开更多
I developed a weeding-duration model for Sakhalin fir （Abies sachalinensis （Fr. Schmidt） Masters） plantations that employs a generalized linear model. The number of years following planting that weeding is necessa...I developed a weeding-duration model for Sakhalin fir （Abies sachalinensis （Fr. Schmidt） Masters） plantations that employs a generalized linear model. The number of years following planting that weeding is necessary is the response variable, and elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, geology, soil, site index, slope aspect, and vegetation type are explanatory variables. Among the explanatory variables, geology, soil, slope aspect, and vegetation type are categorical data. A Poisson distribution is assumed for the response variable, with a log-link function. Elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, site index, and vegetation type had a significant effect on weeding duration. Among the eight models with the smallest Akaike information criterion （AIC）, I chose the model with no multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The weeding-duration model includes site index, maximum snow depth, slope steepness （angle） and vegetation type as explanatory variables; elevation and annual precipitation were not included in the selected model because of multicollinearity with maximum snow depth. This model is useful for cost-benefit analyses of afforestation or reforestation with Abies sachalinensis.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore weed control measures in tobacco fields in Anshun City. [Method] Different treatments on weed control were conducted in tobacco fields in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, from 2017 t...[Objective] The paper was to explore weed control measures in tobacco fields in Anshun City. [Method] Different treatments on weed control were conducted in tobacco fields in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, from 2017 to 2019. [Result] Various treatments had no negative effect on tobacco plant growth in the field, and had different degrees of control effects on five dominant weeds, including Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Fagopyrum dibotrys, Commelina communis and Chenopodium album. White mulching film and 50% butralin·clomazone EC 160 m L/667 m^(2) + white mulching film had the worst performance, which had extremely significant or significant differences with other treatments. There was no sig-nificant difference among most treatments, and the overall effects were comprehensive(multi-factor) treatment > double factor treatment > single factor treatment. [Conclusion] Combination control is recommended in practical tobacco production.展开更多
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been attributed to improvement in rice production with various attributes being accrued from application of the SRI Principles. The most notable are savings on water use an...The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been attributed to improvement in rice production with various attributes being accrued from application of the SRI Principles. The most notable are savings on water use and increase in yield. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) has also paved way for mechanical weed control in paddy fields. One of the major constraints to adoption of SRI is the perceived increased labour input due to the careful transplanting and frequent weed control. This paper evaluates the effect of mechanization on labour input in SRI in comparison to the less mechanized farmer practice. In attempt to reduce drudgery in transplanting under SRI, the drum seeder was used to establish the rice crop by direct seeding. This was then followed by using SRI practices i.e. AWD and mechanical weeding. Direct seeding using a drum seeder was compared to transplanting in both SRI and the common farmer practice. Hand weeding was also evaluated and compared to mechanical weeding. Labour input cost was also compared to the income accrued from the yields. From the study, it was noted that direct seeding using the drum seeder reduced labour input by 97% compared to transplanting. This was possible in that in direct seeding, and there was no nursery preparation and management as in transplanting. The use of a mechanical weeder reduced labour input by 28.3% in relation to hand weeding. Labour input cost for SRI was cheaper (Kshs. 124,080 per hectare) compared to the common farmer practice (Kshs. 139,117.50 per hectare). There was more yield from the SRI practice (2.75 Ton/ha) compared to the common farmer practice (1.88 Ton/ha).展开更多
The experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka <span style="font-family:Verdana;">from</span><span style="font-family:;" "="&...The experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka <span style="font-family:Verdana;">from</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> November 2017 to April 2018 to investigate the influence of weeding regimes on the performance of white maize varieties. The experiment comprised two varieties </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">viz</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. YANGNUO-3000 and PSC-121, designated as V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively combined with four weed control treatments </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">viz.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = No weeding, T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= One hand weeding at 60 DAS</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(days after sowing), T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= two hand weeding at 40 DAS and 60 DAS and T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= Weed free after 40 DAS. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (factorial) with three replications. PSC-121 showed the superior performance in terms of plant height, leaf number plant</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (468.75), 100 grains weight (35.0837 g), grain yield (8.28 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), stover yield (6.56 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and harvest index (55.58%) over YANGNUO-3000. In </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">case of weed control treatments, the highest plant height, leaf number plant</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (464.54), 100 grains weight (37 g), grain yield (9.25 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and stover yield (7.46 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were reported from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. All the parameters studied were found lowest with T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. However, in terms of interaction, no single interaction was superior </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other alternatives. But in most of the cases V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the highest values regarding the maximum plant height, leaf number plant</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (494.97) and 100 grains weight (38 g). V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the highest grain yield (9.33 t ha</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), whereas, V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the lowest grain yield (5.49 t ha</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The lowest weed density and weed biomass (12.17 no. m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 4.33 g·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was recorded from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The highest weed control efficiency (94.38%) was also recorded from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">case of variety V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed better performance in terms of weed density, weed biomass and WCE (46.32%).</span></span>展开更多
This study quantified the effect of weeding frequency and weeding schedules on weeding operation time in a sugi(Cryptomeria japonica)plantation stand.A weeding operation time estimation model was developed;then the cu...This study quantified the effect of weeding frequency and weeding schedules on weeding operation time in a sugi(Cryptomeria japonica)plantation stand.A weeding operation time estimation model was developed;then the cumulative weeding operation time after six growing seasons was simulated using the developed model.The developed model included weed height,relative height of weeds to sugi,and initial planting density.The simulated cumulative weeding operation time decreased approximately 6%for each one-treatment decrease in weeding frequency.Under a three-treatment weeding frequency scenario,the simulated cumulative operation time when weeding was conducted during non-consecutive years was longer than that when weeding was conducted during three consecutive years.The results suggest that carrying out weeding treatment during consecutive years is the more effective for reduction of weeding costs.We conclude that weeding schedule as well as weeding frequency must be considered for reduction of weeding operation time.展开更多
Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide（ pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl,Yang...Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide（ pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor）,and the sub-treatment was application method（ soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment）. The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl（ 36% pretilachlor ＋ 4% bensulfuron-methyl） diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo（ 23. 9% butachlor ＋ 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl） mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.展开更多
It is well known that quackgrass is both very aggressive and persistent. In agriculture, many attempts have been made to eliminate this weed without success. Within the context of a sustainable agriculture, mechanical...It is well known that quackgrass is both very aggressive and persistent. In agriculture, many attempts have been made to eliminate this weed without success. Within the context of a sustainable agriculture, mechanical control of quackgrass represents an interesting alternative to chemical means. The use of a ＂C＂ shaped mounted tine cultivator, a rotary cross-harrow, and an ＂S＂ shaped trailed tine cultivator （alone or in combination） to control quackgrass in grassland was investigated. The rate of quackgrass present in each experimental plot was determined before and after the treatments using a one square meter quadrant. Also, the time required for each passage as well as the fuel consumption were computed. Results revealed that the fuel consumption and the time required by the ＂C＂ and ＂S＂ shaped tine cultivators to transport and expose the rhizomes to the sun on the soil surface highly depend on the quality of tillage during the first stubble passage. Also, subsequent tillage with the ＂C＂ shaped tine cultivator after a first passage with a rotary cross-harrow resulted in less fuel consumption and passage time. On the other hand, stubble and subsequent soil tillage with only the ＂C＂ shaped tine cultivator is the least successful method.展开更多
Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of ...Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Accurate weed identification in farmland is crucial for enhancing intelligent weeding precision.This study focuses on weeds in maize seedling fields and builds an accurate identification model using the Faster-RCNN de...Accurate weed identification in farmland is crucial for enhancing intelligent weeding precision.This study focuses on weeds in maize seedling fields and builds an accurate identification model using the Faster-RCNN deep-learning algorithm.An image database is created,and the VGG-16 network extracts labeled datasets for weed feature extraction.By calculating random candidate region scores,a neural network training model is established to determine weed positions and types.This model achieves an average accuracy of 81.25%and an identification rate of 94.3%in weed identification.To test the model’s performance in the field,it is evaluated under different conditions,such as lighting,field of view,and occlusion.Occlusion has the most significant impact on the identification rate.Without occlusion,the precision is 94.4%,dropping to 79.2%when the occlusion rate exceeds 50%.However,adjusting the shooting angle can increase the precision to 97.1%.In real-world conditions,considering all factors,the weed identification precision is 94.3%.The results show that this technology is highly adaptable in the field with fast image detection.With GPU acceleration,the average detection speed per image is 50 milliseconds,and the video stream can reach 20 frames per second.This technology can adapt to complex environments,detect accurately,and has a short calculation time.It provides key support for automated mechanical weeding and holds great promise for practical applications in agricultural production.展开更多
[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor ...[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor and 75%thifensulfuron methyl,were selected for this experiment.A no-herbicide treatment served as the control,and five concentration gradients of the herbicides were established.Prior to sowing,the soil underwent a closed weeding treatment.The impacts of various herbicide concentration combinations on growth indicators,weed control effect,and the yields of soybean and corn across various treatments were analyzed.[Results]The tested combinations of herbicide concentrations did not result in significant phytotoxicity to soybean and corn seedlings.Furthermore,as the herbicide concentrations increased in each treatment,treatments D and E demonstrated the most effective weed control effect.Specifically,40 d post application,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached 97.25% and 98.03% for treatment D,and 97.25% and 98.24% for treatment E,respectively.Additionally,the yields of both soybean and corn showed significant increases.[Conclusions]Considering the overall output-input ratio in this region,treatment D,comprising 96%(S)-metolachlor at 1650 mL/hm^(2) and 75% thifensulfuron-methyl at 48 g/hm^(2),can be identified as the herbicide concentration combination that provides the most effective weed control effect in the soybean and corn strip intercropping system.展开更多
文摘针对玉米杂草识别过程中因光照变化导致识别精确度低及漏检问题,该研究以幼苗期玉米及其伴生杂草为研究对象,设计一种基于WEED-YOLOv10的玉米杂草检测方法。首先,通过无人机快速采集田间高分辨率图像构建了玉米杂草数据集;其次,以YOLOv10n为基线网络,将骨干网络替换为ConvNeXtV2以增强特征提取能力;继而,为避免因模块拼接可能带来的信息冗余或丢失问题提升对光照干扰的鲁棒性,嵌入CBAM注意力机制;然后,引入SlimNeck结构优化网络计算效率,有效平衡了模型计算资源消耗与特征表征能力;最后,使用Focaler-EIoU损失函数进一步提高模型定位精度。试验结果表明,WEED-YOLOv10在精确率、召回率、mAP@50、mAP@50:95和F1分数上分别达到85.4%、88.1%、90.9%、48.5%和86.7%,较基准模型分别提升了2.4、2.9、3.5、7.0、2.6个百分点,各项精度指标均优于其他对比模型,部署在NVIDIA Jetson orin NX上的图片推理速度达到28.7帧/s,实现了检测速度与精度的平衡。进一步地,基于WEED-YOLOv10开发对靶喷药系统,该系统实时捕捉并解析来自模型的识别信号,实现对除草喷施装置的精准调控。田间试验结果显示,对靶喷药系统施药准确率为93.7%,喷洒覆盖率为90.5%,对靶偏差为1.45cm,杂草实时检测速度为20.1帧/s,实现了自动化的玉米田间除草作业。该研究为复杂光照场景下农田杂草治理提供了可靠的技术方案,对推动农业智能化作业具有重要意义。
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)Hebei Province Key Technology Research and Development Program(09250307D)~~
文摘According to experiments in many years in Hebei Province, the research explored weed comprehensive control technology on millet fields in terms of application range, prevention rules, prevention object, agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control and proposed specific methods and technological indices in order to provide technological references for comprehensive control on weeds of millet fields.
文摘I developed a weeding-duration model for Sakhalin fir （Abies sachalinensis （Fr. Schmidt） Masters） plantations that employs a generalized linear model. The number of years following planting that weeding is necessary is the response variable, and elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, geology, soil, site index, slope aspect, and vegetation type are explanatory variables. Among the explanatory variables, geology, soil, slope aspect, and vegetation type are categorical data. A Poisson distribution is assumed for the response variable, with a log-link function. Elevation, slope steepness, maximum snow depth, annual precipitation, site index, and vegetation type had a significant effect on weeding duration. Among the eight models with the smallest Akaike information criterion （AIC）, I chose the model with no multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The weeding-duration model includes site index, maximum snow depth, slope steepness （angle） and vegetation type as explanatory variables; elevation and annual precipitation were not included in the selected model because of multicollinearity with maximum snow depth. This model is useful for cost-benefit analyses of afforestation or reforestation with Abies sachalinensis.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore weed control measures in tobacco fields in Anshun City. [Method] Different treatments on weed control were conducted in tobacco fields in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, from 2017 to 2019. [Result] Various treatments had no negative effect on tobacco plant growth in the field, and had different degrees of control effects on five dominant weeds, including Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Fagopyrum dibotrys, Commelina communis and Chenopodium album. White mulching film and 50% butralin·clomazone EC 160 m L/667 m^(2) + white mulching film had the worst performance, which had extremely significant or significant differences with other treatments. There was no sig-nificant difference among most treatments, and the overall effects were comprehensive(multi-factor) treatment > double factor treatment > single factor treatment. [Conclusion] Combination control is recommended in practical tobacco production.
文摘The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been attributed to improvement in rice production with various attributes being accrued from application of the SRI Principles. The most notable are savings on water use and increase in yield. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) has also paved way for mechanical weed control in paddy fields. One of the major constraints to adoption of SRI is the perceived increased labour input due to the careful transplanting and frequent weed control. This paper evaluates the effect of mechanization on labour input in SRI in comparison to the less mechanized farmer practice. In attempt to reduce drudgery in transplanting under SRI, the drum seeder was used to establish the rice crop by direct seeding. This was then followed by using SRI practices i.e. AWD and mechanical weeding. Direct seeding using a drum seeder was compared to transplanting in both SRI and the common farmer practice. Hand weeding was also evaluated and compared to mechanical weeding. Labour input cost was also compared to the income accrued from the yields. From the study, it was noted that direct seeding using the drum seeder reduced labour input by 97% compared to transplanting. This was possible in that in direct seeding, and there was no nursery preparation and management as in transplanting. The use of a mechanical weeder reduced labour input by 28.3% in relation to hand weeding. Labour input cost for SRI was cheaper (Kshs. 124,080 per hectare) compared to the common farmer practice (Kshs. 139,117.50 per hectare). There was more yield from the SRI practice (2.75 Ton/ha) compared to the common farmer practice (1.88 Ton/ha).
文摘The experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka <span style="font-family:Verdana;">from</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> November 2017 to April 2018 to investigate the influence of weeding regimes on the performance of white maize varieties. The experiment comprised two varieties </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">viz</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. YANGNUO-3000 and PSC-121, designated as V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively combined with four weed control treatments </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">viz.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = No weeding, T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= One hand weeding at 60 DAS</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(days after sowing), T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= two hand weeding at 40 DAS and 60 DAS and T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= Weed free after 40 DAS. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (factorial) with three replications. PSC-121 showed the superior performance in terms of plant height, leaf number plant</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (468.75), 100 grains weight (35.0837 g), grain yield (8.28 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), stover yield (6.56 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and harvest index (55.58%) over YANGNUO-3000. In </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">case of weed control treatments, the highest plant height, leaf number plant</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (464.54), 100 grains weight (37 g), grain yield (9.25 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and stover yield (7.46 t ha</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were reported from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. All the parameters studied were found lowest with T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. However, in terms of interaction, no single interaction was superior </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other alternatives. But in most of the cases V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the highest values regarding the maximum plant height, leaf number plant</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, number of grains cob</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (494.97) and 100 grains weight (38 g). V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the highest grain yield (9.33 t ha</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), whereas, V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the lowest grain yield (5.49 t ha</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The lowest weed density and weed biomass (12.17 no. m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 4.33 g·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was recorded from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The highest weed control efficiency (94.38%) was also recorded from T</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. In </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">case of variety V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed better performance in terms of weed density, weed biomass and WCE (46.32%).</span></span>
文摘This study quantified the effect of weeding frequency and weeding schedules on weeding operation time in a sugi(Cryptomeria japonica)plantation stand.A weeding operation time estimation model was developed;then the cumulative weeding operation time after six growing seasons was simulated using the developed model.The developed model included weed height,relative height of weeds to sugi,and initial planting density.The simulated cumulative weeding operation time decreased approximately 6%for each one-treatment decrease in weeding frequency.Under a three-treatment weeding frequency scenario,the simulated cumulative operation time when weeding was conducted during non-consecutive years was longer than that when weeding was conducted during three consecutive years.The results suggest that carrying out weeding treatment during consecutive years is the more effective for reduction of weeding costs.We conclude that weeding schedule as well as weeding frequency must be considered for reduction of weeding operation time.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2007BAD89B14)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the PublicInterest(00803028)+3 种基金Major Technical Research Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Structure Adjustment(06-03-07B)Project ofGuangdong Provincial Finance Department(YCY[2005]No.11,YCJ[2006]No.187)Agricultural Research Project of Guangdong ProvincialScience and Technology Department(2005B20101001)Special Fund forAgro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103001)
文摘Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide（ pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor）,and the sub-treatment was application method（ soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment）. The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl（ 36% pretilachlor ＋ 4% bensulfuron-methyl） diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo（ 23. 9% butachlor ＋ 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl） mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.
文摘It is well known that quackgrass is both very aggressive and persistent. In agriculture, many attempts have been made to eliminate this weed without success. Within the context of a sustainable agriculture, mechanical control of quackgrass represents an interesting alternative to chemical means. The use of a ＂C＂ shaped mounted tine cultivator, a rotary cross-harrow, and an ＂S＂ shaped trailed tine cultivator （alone or in combination） to control quackgrass in grassland was investigated. The rate of quackgrass present in each experimental plot was determined before and after the treatments using a one square meter quadrant. Also, the time required for each passage as well as the fuel consumption were computed. Results revealed that the fuel consumption and the time required by the ＂C＂ and ＂S＂ shaped tine cultivators to transport and expose the rhizomes to the sun on the soil surface highly depend on the quality of tillage during the first stubble passage. Also, subsequent tillage with the ＂C＂ shaped tine cultivator after a first passage with a rotary cross-harrow resulted in less fuel consumption and passage time. On the other hand, stubble and subsequent soil tillage with only the ＂C＂ shaped tine cultivator is the least successful method.
基金funding from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22,Green Manure)the Natural Science Foundation Project from Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China(4322300357)the Green Manure Cultivation Technology Project from Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station。
文摘Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Accurate weed identification in farmland is crucial for enhancing intelligent weeding precision.This study focuses on weeds in maize seedling fields and builds an accurate identification model using the Faster-RCNN deep-learning algorithm.An image database is created,and the VGG-16 network extracts labeled datasets for weed feature extraction.By calculating random candidate region scores,a neural network training model is established to determine weed positions and types.This model achieves an average accuracy of 81.25%and an identification rate of 94.3%in weed identification.To test the model’s performance in the field,it is evaluated under different conditions,such as lighting,field of view,and occlusion.Occlusion has the most significant impact on the identification rate.Without occlusion,the precision is 94.4%,dropping to 79.2%when the occlusion rate exceeds 50%.However,adjusting the shooting angle can increase the precision to 97.1%.In real-world conditions,considering all factors,the weed identification precision is 94.3%.The results show that this technology is highly adaptable in the field with fast image detection.With GPU acceleration,the average detection speed per image is 50 milliseconds,and the video stream can reach 20 frames per second.This technology can adapt to complex environments,detect accurately,and has a short calculation time.It provides key support for automated mechanical weeding and holds great promise for practical applications in agricultural production.
基金Supported by 2024-2025 Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhongwei City in the Field of Agriculture,Rural Areas and Social Development"Precision Fertilization Trial Study for Soybean and Corn Strip Intercropping in 2025"(2024nync006)"Smart Innovation for the Future"Talent Cultivation Project of Zhongwei City(WDRCB[2023]6).
文摘[Objectives]To identify the optimal combination of herbicide concentrations appropriate for soil closed weeding in the soybean and corn intercropping system in Zhongwei City.[Methods]Two herbicides,96%(S)-metolachlor and 75%thifensulfuron methyl,were selected for this experiment.A no-herbicide treatment served as the control,and five concentration gradients of the herbicides were established.Prior to sowing,the soil underwent a closed weeding treatment.The impacts of various herbicide concentration combinations on growth indicators,weed control effect,and the yields of soybean and corn across various treatments were analyzed.[Results]The tested combinations of herbicide concentrations did not result in significant phytotoxicity to soybean and corn seedlings.Furthermore,as the herbicide concentrations increased in each treatment,treatments D and E demonstrated the most effective weed control effect.Specifically,40 d post application,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect reached 97.25% and 98.03% for treatment D,and 97.25% and 98.24% for treatment E,respectively.Additionally,the yields of both soybean and corn showed significant increases.[Conclusions]Considering the overall output-input ratio in this region,treatment D,comprising 96%(S)-metolachlor at 1650 mL/hm^(2) and 75% thifensulfuron-methyl at 48 g/hm^(2),can be identified as the herbicide concentration combination that provides the most effective weed control effect in the soybean and corn strip intercropping system.
