To develop the cost climate survey scale( CCSS) used in construction enterprises,the design concepts,principles and the process diagrams of CCSS are proposed.Through questionnaire investigation and expert interviews,3...To develop the cost climate survey scale( CCSS) used in construction enterprises,the design concepts,principles and the process diagrams of CCSS are proposed.Through questionnaire investigation and expert interviews,314 projects are established and the CCSS that is made up of 7 dimensions framework and 30 levels is preliminarily determined.After categorized merger,pre-test analysis and multiple items refining,16 projects of CCSS are eventually compiled.In order to verify the credibility and validity of the CCSS,200 employees in Qinhuangdao construction company as the samples are tested.SPSS 21.0 is used to analyze the reliability,validity and rationality of level divisions,and Amos 22.0 is for analyzing the degree of model adaptation in this survey.Finally,the current cost climate situation of the construction site in the company is evaluated,the deficiencies of the cost culture of the construction site are pointed out.This study shows that strengthening the cost knowledge training has a significant positive effect on the cost climate cognition of the employees.Nevertheless,accumulation of work experience has a dual impact on that.The CCSS is not only an important foundation for the cost climate research and its theoretical development,but also the premise of the cost climate quantitative research.An appropriate CCSS,to some extent,can reflect the cognitive level of all kinds of employees in one enterprise and cost savings degree of the enterprise in a certain time.The development of CCSS reflects the originality and interactivity,and fills a blank of the CCSS in construction,which is considered to be an effective tool for cost climate research in construction.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate is an energy resource for methane that has a carbon quantity twice more than all traditional fossil fuels combined.However,their practical application in the field has been limited due to the chall...Natural gas hydrate is an energy resource for methane that has a carbon quantity twice more than all traditional fossil fuels combined.However,their practical application in the field has been limited due to the challenges of long-term preparation,high costs and associated risks.Experimental studies,on the other hand,offer a safe and cost-effective means of exploring the mechanisms of hydrate dissociation and optimizing exploitation conditions.Gas hydrate decomposition is a complicated process along with intrinsic kinetics,mass transfer and heat transfer,which are the influencing factors for hydrate decomposition rate.The identification of the rate-limiting factor for hydrate dissociation during depressurization varies with the scale of the reservoir,making it challenging to extrapolate findings from laboratory experiments to the actual exploitation.This review aims to summarize current knowledge of investigations on hydrate decomposition on the subject of the research scale(core scale,middle scale,large scale and field tests)and to analyze determining factors for decomposition rate,considering the various research scales and their associated influencing factors.展开更多
Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relati...Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relative research in the future. In the past decade, aerial manipulation of SRURSs has attracted the interest of researchers globally. This paper provides a literature review of the last 10 years(2008–2017) on SRURSs, and details achievements and challenges. Firstly, the definition, current state, development, classification, and challenges of SRURSs are introduced. Then, related papers are organized into two topical categories: mechanical structure design, and modeling and control. Following this, research groups involved in SRURS research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in the form of tables. The research groups are introduced in detail from seven parts. Finally, trends and challenges are compiled and presented to serve as a resource for researchers interested in aerial manipulation of SRURSs. The problem,trends, and challenges are described from three aspects. Conclusions of the paper are presented,and the future of SRURSs is discussed to enable further research interests.展开更多
Despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed. Th...Despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed. The first change is that Alzheimer＇s disease must be considered a disease of four major pathological processes, not one. The four processes are： 1） vascular hy- poperfusion of the brain with associated mitochondrial dysfunction, 2） destructive protein inclusions, 3） uncontrolled oxidative stress, and 4） proinflammatory immune processes second- ary to microglial and astrocytic dysfunction in the brain. The second change recommended is to alter the standard cognitive measurement tools used to quantify mental decline in test patients. Specifically the Dementia Severity Rating Scale （DSRS） should supersede Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and other popular tests, and a measurement scale developed in research should be used to produce a linear and non-irregular baseline. Finally, accepting the concept that four etiologies cause Alzheimer＇s disease leads to the last necessary change, that new thera- pies must be employed directed against all four causes, likely as a combination. There are drugs ready to be employed in such a combinations which are available and used clinically for other purposes so can be used ＂offlabel＂ and one such combination is suggested.展开更多
目的:将护士出勤主义量表(the Presenteeism Scale in Nursing)汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:根据Brislin回译模型翻译量表,在专家函询及预调查基础上对量表进行文化调适,形成中文版护士出勤主义量表。选取河南省某三级甲等医院的406名护...目的:将护士出勤主义量表(the Presenteeism Scale in Nursing)汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:根据Brislin回译模型翻译量表,在专家函询及预调查基础上对量表进行文化调适,形成中文版护士出勤主义量表。选取河南省某三级甲等医院的406名护士为研究对象,采用中文版护士出勤主义量表进行调查,测量其信效度水平。结果:中文版护士出勤主义量表包括3个维度,共17个条目。量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.896,折半系数为0.883,重测信度为0.886。量表条目水平的内容效度指数(I⁃CVI)为0.859~1.000,量表水平的内容效度指数(S⁃CVI)为0.894。探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为84.309%。验证性因子分析结果显示拟合良好。结论:中文版护士出勤主义量表信效度较好,可用于测量护士的出勤主义行为。展开更多
目的:将急诊科护士急诊分诊能力量表(Triage Nurses'Professional Capability Questionnaire in the Emergency Department,TNPCQ⁃ED)进行汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:遵循Brislin翻译模型对问卷进行翻译及文化调试,经预调查后形成...目的:将急诊科护士急诊分诊能力量表(Triage Nurses'Professional Capability Questionnaire in the Emergency Department,TNPCQ⁃ED)进行汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:遵循Brislin翻译模型对问卷进行翻译及文化调试,经预调查后形成中文版TNPCQ⁃ED。采用便利抽样法,于2024年6月对我国20所综合医院的400名急诊科护士进行问卷调查,评价量表的信效度。结果:中文版TNPCQ⁃ED包括3个维度、35个条目。中文版TNPCQ⁃ED的总Cronbach'sα系数为0.987,折半信度为0.911,重测信度为0.932。量表水平的内容效度指数(S⁃CVI)为0.968,条目水平的内容效度指数(I⁃CVI)为0.778~1.000。探索性因子分析共提取出3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为79.182%。结论:中文版TNPCQ⁃ED具有良好的信效度,可以作为我国评价急诊科护士急诊分诊能力水平的评估工具。展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2016203147)Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of Qinhuangdao,China(No.201602A040)Construction Science and Technology Research Program of Hebei Province,China(No.2016-124)
文摘To develop the cost climate survey scale( CCSS) used in construction enterprises,the design concepts,principles and the process diagrams of CCSS are proposed.Through questionnaire investigation and expert interviews,314 projects are established and the CCSS that is made up of 7 dimensions framework and 30 levels is preliminarily determined.After categorized merger,pre-test analysis and multiple items refining,16 projects of CCSS are eventually compiled.In order to verify the credibility and validity of the CCSS,200 employees in Qinhuangdao construction company as the samples are tested.SPSS 21.0 is used to analyze the reliability,validity and rationality of level divisions,and Amos 22.0 is for analyzing the degree of model adaptation in this survey.Finally,the current cost climate situation of the construction site in the company is evaluated,the deficiencies of the cost culture of the construction site are pointed out.This study shows that strengthening the cost knowledge training has a significant positive effect on the cost climate cognition of the employees.Nevertheless,accumulation of work experience has a dual impact on that.The CCSS is not only an important foundation for the cost climate research and its theoretical development,but also the premise of the cost climate quantitative research.An appropriate CCSS,to some extent,can reflect the cognitive level of all kinds of employees in one enterprise and cost savings degree of the enterprise in a certain time.The development of CCSS reflects the originality and interactivity,and fills a blank of the CCSS in construction,which is considered to be an effective tool for cost climate research in construction.
基金Financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178379)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2800902)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Natural gas hydrate is an energy resource for methane that has a carbon quantity twice more than all traditional fossil fuels combined.However,their practical application in the field has been limited due to the challenges of long-term preparation,high costs and associated risks.Experimental studies,on the other hand,offer a safe and cost-effective means of exploring the mechanisms of hydrate dissociation and optimizing exploitation conditions.Gas hydrate decomposition is a complicated process along with intrinsic kinetics,mass transfer and heat transfer,which are the influencing factors for hydrate decomposition rate.The identification of the rate-limiting factor for hydrate dissociation during depressurization varies with the scale of the reservoir,making it challenging to extrapolate findings from laboratory experiments to the actual exploitation.This review aims to summarize current knowledge of investigations on hydrate decomposition on the subject of the research scale(core scale,middle scale,large scale and field tests)and to analyze determining factors for decomposition rate,considering the various research scales and their associated influencing factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91748201 and 51505014)
文摘Small-scale rotorcraft unmanned robotic systems(SRURSs) are a kind of unmanned rotorcraft with manipulating devices. This review aims to provide an overview on aerial manipulation of SRURSs nowadays and promote relative research in the future. In the past decade, aerial manipulation of SRURSs has attracted the interest of researchers globally. This paper provides a literature review of the last 10 years(2008–2017) on SRURSs, and details achievements and challenges. Firstly, the definition, current state, development, classification, and challenges of SRURSs are introduced. Then, related papers are organized into two topical categories: mechanical structure design, and modeling and control. Following this, research groups involved in SRURS research and their major achievements are summarized and classified in the form of tables. The research groups are introduced in detail from seven parts. Finally, trends and challenges are compiled and presented to serve as a resource for researchers interested in aerial manipulation of SRURSs. The problem,trends, and challenges are described from three aspects. Conclusions of the paper are presented,and the future of SRURSs is discussed to enable further research interests.
文摘Despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed. The first change is that Alzheimer＇s disease must be considered a disease of four major pathological processes, not one. The four processes are： 1） vascular hy- poperfusion of the brain with associated mitochondrial dysfunction, 2） destructive protein inclusions, 3） uncontrolled oxidative stress, and 4） proinflammatory immune processes second- ary to microglial and astrocytic dysfunction in the brain. The second change recommended is to alter the standard cognitive measurement tools used to quantify mental decline in test patients. Specifically the Dementia Severity Rating Scale （DSRS） should supersede Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and other popular tests, and a measurement scale developed in research should be used to produce a linear and non-irregular baseline. Finally, accepting the concept that four etiologies cause Alzheimer＇s disease leads to the last necessary change, that new thera- pies must be employed directed against all four causes, likely as a combination. There are drugs ready to be employed in such a combinations which are available and used clinically for other purposes so can be used ＂offlabel＂ and one such combination is suggested.
文摘目的:将护士出勤主义量表(the Presenteeism Scale in Nursing)汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:根据Brislin回译模型翻译量表,在专家函询及预调查基础上对量表进行文化调适,形成中文版护士出勤主义量表。选取河南省某三级甲等医院的406名护士为研究对象,采用中文版护士出勤主义量表进行调查,测量其信效度水平。结果:中文版护士出勤主义量表包括3个维度,共17个条目。量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.896,折半系数为0.883,重测信度为0.886。量表条目水平的内容效度指数(I⁃CVI)为0.859~1.000,量表水平的内容效度指数(S⁃CVI)为0.894。探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为84.309%。验证性因子分析结果显示拟合良好。结论:中文版护士出勤主义量表信效度较好,可用于测量护士的出勤主义行为。
文摘目的:将急诊科护士急诊分诊能力量表(Triage Nurses'Professional Capability Questionnaire in the Emergency Department,TNPCQ⁃ED)进行汉化,并检验其信效度。方法:遵循Brislin翻译模型对问卷进行翻译及文化调试,经预调查后形成中文版TNPCQ⁃ED。采用便利抽样法,于2024年6月对我国20所综合医院的400名急诊科护士进行问卷调查,评价量表的信效度。结果:中文版TNPCQ⁃ED包括3个维度、35个条目。中文版TNPCQ⁃ED的总Cronbach'sα系数为0.987,折半信度为0.911,重测信度为0.932。量表水平的内容效度指数(S⁃CVI)为0.968,条目水平的内容效度指数(I⁃CVI)为0.778~1.000。探索性因子分析共提取出3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为79.182%。结论:中文版TNPCQ⁃ED具有良好的信效度,可以作为我国评价急诊科护士急诊分诊能力水平的评估工具。
