[Objective] The aim was to study response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Trifolium repens L.leaves to water stress from perspective of physiology.[Method] With T.repens cultivar ＂Haifa＂ as tested material...[Objective] The aim was to study response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Trifolium repens L.leaves to water stress from perspective of physiology.[Method] With T.repens cultivar ＂Haifa＂ as tested material,three soil water content levels were set to culture plants,including 75% （no stress,CK）,50% （moderate stress,LD） and 25% （severe stress,HD）,the effects of water stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined.[Result] The results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters changed a little when the relative soil moisture content was 75% and 50%,while the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as conversion efficiency of primary light energy （Fv/Fm） of PS Ⅱ,the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） and the quantum yield of PS Ⅱ electron transport （φPS Ⅱ） decreased respectively when the relative soil moisture content was 25%.[Conclusion] When T.repens in severe drought conditions,the physiological functions were damaged,showing symptoms of drought injury.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to select and identify inorganic phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens,and to research related effects of growth promotion.[Method] Phosphate solubilizing bacteria i...[Objective] The aim was to select and identify inorganic phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens,and to research related effects of growth promotion.[Method] Phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens in Guizhou Province were separated and selected to determine its ability of phosphate solubilizing and IAA secretion,and growth promotion effect.[Result] Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were multiple and varied in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens;solubilizing quantities of phosphorus from calcium phosphate by RW2,RW6 and RW18 were 337.39,447.45 and 462.03 μg/ml;solubilizing quantity was none of linear relation with organic acid;RW2 proved the one secreted most IAA at 12.69 μg/ml,followed by RW18 at 12.34 μg/ml;the three strains were all of Leclercia sp.,but were of none pathogenicity for seedlings of Trifolium repens,instead,a kind of growth promotion was found.Detailedly,RW18 was most effective in growth promotion for Trifolium repens and plant height,root length and weight,and aboveground biomass increased by 110.98%,9.17%,46.17% and 2% respectively.Hence,RW18 is of great potential.[Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for developing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and compound inoculation and develops a novel way to relieve barren soils,save phosphorus resource,reduce environment pollution,and guarantee sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.展开更多
Three ethylene diurea （EDU） concentrations （0, 150 and 300 mg/L） were used to evaluate the negative impact of ozone （O3） on two cultivars of Trifoliurn repens L. cv. Vardan and Bundel grown under natural field c...Three ethylene diurea （EDU） concentrations （0, 150 and 300 mg/L） were used to evaluate the negative impact of ozone （O3） on two cultivars of Trifoliurn repens L. cv. Vardan and Bundel grown under natural field conditions in a suburban area of Varanasi, India. Mean O3 concentrations varied from 30.3 to 46.6 μg/L during the experimental period. Higher photosynthetic pigments and ascorhic acid concentrations were noticed in both EDU-treated cultivars over non-EDU-treated ones, but a reverse trend was found for lipid peroxidation. Growth parameters and biomass also showed increments under EDU treatment of both cultivars. The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence increased significantly in Vardan but not in Bundel upon EDU treatment. Results revealed that EDU concentration of 300 mg/L was more effective to combat the oxidative stress as well as protecting plants from O3 injury symptoms. The test cultivar Vardan is relatively sensitive to O3, thereby can be used as a bioindicator of O3 pollution in areas having higher O3 concentrations. Results also indicated that Bundel has more efficient antioxidant defense system than Vardan and hence was more tolerant to O3 stress.展开更多
Objective:Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites,including aamylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors,and-has potent antioxidant activity.The present study evaluated the network pharmac...Objective:Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites,including aamylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors,and-has potent antioxidant activity.The present study evaluated the network pharmacology of D.repens(whole plant)with targets related to diabetes mellitus and assessed its outcome by evaluating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.Methods:Phytoconstituents of D.repens were retrieved from an open-source database and published literature,and their targets were predicted for diabetes mellitus using Binding DB and the therapeutic target database.Protein-protein interaction was predicted using STRING,and pathways involved in diabetes mellitus were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway browser.Druglikeness,ADMET profile(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity)and cytotoxicity of compounds modulating proteins involved in diabetes were predicted using Mol Soft,admet SAR2.0 and CLC-Pred,respectively.The interaction network among phytoconstituents,proteins and pathways was constructed using Cytoscape,and the docking study was performed using Auto Dock4.0.The hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens was evaluated using streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus animal model for 28 d,followed by an oral glucose tolerance test.At the end of the study,biochemical parameters like glycogen content,hepatic enzymes,antioxidant biomarkers and lipid profiles were quantified.Further,the liver and pancreas were collected for a histopathology study.Results:Thirty-six different secondary metabolites from D.repens were identified to regulate thirty-one targets involved in diabetes mellitus,in which protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 B(PTP1 B)was primarily targeted.Enrichment analysis of modulated proteins identified 12 different pathways in diabetic pathogenesis in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Akt)signaling pathway was chiefly regulated.The docking study found that durantanin I possessed the highest binding affinity(à8.9 kcal/mol)with PTP1 B.Similarly,ADMET profiling showed that the majority of bioactive constituents from D.repens had higher human intestinal absorptivity and minimal cytotoxicity to normal cell lines,than tumor cell lines.Further,an in vivo animal study reflected the efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens to lower the elevated blood glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion,maintaining pancreatic b cell mass,regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and enhancing the glucose uptake in skeletal muscles.Conclusion:The present study reflected the probable network interaction of bioactive constituents from D.repens,their targets and modulated pathways,which identified the prime regulation of the PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway and PTP1 B protein.Modulation of PTP1 B protein and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway could contribute to enhancing glucose uptake,insulin production and glycolysis and decreasing gluconeogenesis in diabetes,which was evaluated via the experimental study.展开更多
In winter, spring and summer, the rhizome of wild Elytrzgia repens of Heilongjiang Province was selected to extract the soluble which whole protein and the apoplastic protein, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The result indi...In winter, spring and summer, the rhizome of wild Elytrzgia repens of Heilongjiang Province was selected to extract the soluble which whole protein and the apoplastic protein, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The result indicated that there were two specific polypeptides in two types protein from winter; their relative molecular weight were identified as 52 ku and 26 ku by analyzing software; the apoplastic protein from winter had the ability of modifing the growth of ice crystal which appeared hexagonal in shape observed with the phase-contrast photomicroscope. So the apoplastic protein from winter has the antifreeze characters and the 52 ku protein is more likely the antifreeze protein展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Geophila repens （L.） I. M. Johnst. （Rubiaceae）, a small, creeping, perennial herb, is claimed to have memory-enhancing property. The goal of this study was to assess its antioxidant and anticholinester...OBJECTIVE： Geophila repens （L.） I. M. Johnst. （Rubiaceae）, a small, creeping, perennial herb, is claimed to have memory-enhancing property. The goal of this study was to assess its antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity and conduct a rapid bioautographic enzyme assay for screening acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BChE） inhibition of G. repens extracts. METHODS： Antioxidant activity of G. repens extracts was assessed by performing 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO）, superoxide （SOD）, hydroxyl （OH） and total antioxidant capacity （TAC） assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of chloroform （CGR）, ethyl acetate （EGR） and methanol （MGR） extract fractions from G. repens leaves. A rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography （HPTLC） bioautographic method for the detection of AChE and BChE inhibition was performed. RESULTS： Among all extract fractions, EGR exhibited the highest half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） in DPPH, SOD, NO, OH and TAC assays, with IC50 of （38.33 ± 3.21）, （45.14 ±1.78）, （59.81± 1.32）, （39.45 ± 0.79） and （43.76 ± 0.81 ） μg/mL respectively. EGR displayed competitive, reversible inhibition of AChE and BChE activities with IC50 of （68.63±0.45） and （59.45 ±0.45）μg/mL, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of EGR were found to be 360.42 mg gallic acid equivalents and 257.31 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of extract. Phytoconstituents of the EGR extract that were inhibitors of cholinesterase produced white spots on the yellow background of HPTLC plates in the bioautographic test. CONCLUSION： The results of this study revealed that phenols and flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities of G. repens.展开更多
Objective:To identify worms obtained from patients with eye lesions and to describe the demographic factors of patients with ocular dirofilariasis.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 worm sam...Objective:To identify worms obtained from patients with eye lesions and to describe the demographic factors of patients with ocular dirofilariasis.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 worm samples from 30 patients referred by consultant ophthalmologists between 2006 and February 2014.Data on age,sex and site of the lesion were ascertained from the details given in the referral letters.Morphological identification of the worm was based on the maximum width,length and appearance of the cuticle.The sex of the worm was determined by the width,length and presence or absence of vulva opening.PCR was performed using Dirofilaria repens specific primers to confirm the species of worms which could not be identified morphologically.Results:Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 40-49 years(mean age = 42 years).Majority of them were females(70%).Subconjunctival lesions were the most frequent presentation,while the rest(n = 4) were found on eyelids.Female worms were extracted from 18 cases,and 11 had male worms.One individual had both male and female worms in a single nodule.Adults were the most commonly affected.This pattern was different from the previous studies in Sri Lanka where the most common age group affected was younger than 9 years old.Conclusions:The present study showed a considerably high incidence of ocular dirofilariasis,stressing the importance of implementing preventive measures to reduce the transmission of this zoonotic filarial disease.展开更多
The suitability of models for describing the clonal growth of Trifolium repens population was discussed. The results showed that deterministic models were inadequate for describing its clonal growth, but the diffusion...The suitability of models for describing the clonal growth of Trifolium repens population was discussed. The results showed that deterministic models were inadequate for describing its clonal growth, but the diffusion models and the randomwalk models suited for the clonal growth characteristics of the population. And it was found that random-walk models were better than diffusion models for describing a population in an environment with rich natural resources, and the latter was better in a poor environment.展开更多
interactions,many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities,such as scent emission,flower rewards and floral vertical direction,in a rhythmic fashion.However,less is known about how plants regulate the r...interactions,many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities,such as scent emission,flower rewards and floral vertical direction,in a rhythmic fashion.However,less is known about how plants regulate the relationship between these flower traits to adapt to pollinator visiting behavior and increase reproduction success.Here we investigated the adaptive significance of the flower bending from erect to downward in Trifolium repens.We observed the flowering dynamic characteristics(changes of vertical direction of florets,flowering number,pollen grain numbers,pollen viability and stigma receptivity over time after blossom)and the factors affecting the rate of flower bending in T.repens.Then we altered the vertical direction of florets in inflorescence of different types(upright and downward),and compared the pollinator behaviors and female reproductive success.Our results showed that florets opened sequentially in inflorescence,and then bend downwards slowly after flowering.The bending speed of florets was mainly influenced by pollination,and bending angle increased with the prolongation of flowering time,while the pollen germination rate,stigma receptivity and nectar secretion has a rhythm of“lowhigh-low”during the whole period with the time going.The visiting frequency of all the four species of pollinators on upward flowers was significantly higher than that of downward flowers,and they especially prefer to visit flowers with a bending angle of 30°–60°,when the flowers was exactly of the highest flower rewards(nectar secretion and number of pollen grains),stigma receptivity and pollen germination rate.The seed set ratio and fruit set ratio of upward flowers were significantly higher than downward flowers,but significantly lower than unmanipulated flowers.Our results indicated that the T.repens could increase female and male fitness by accurate pollination.The most suitable flower angle saves pollinators’visiting energy and enables them to obtain the highest nectar rewards.This coordination between plants and pollinators maximizes the interests of them,which is a crucial factor in initiating specialized plant-pollinator relationships.展开更多
To study the main active components and antioxidant activity in vitro of extracts from Callisia repens , the contents of main active components such as total flavonoids, total anthocyanin and total sugar in the extrac...To study the main active components and antioxidant activity in vitro of extracts from Callisia repens , the contents of main active components such as total flavonoids, total anthocyanin and total sugar in the extracts were studied by spectrophotometry. The components and content of 18 kinds of metals were determined by ICP-MS mass spectrometry. Finally, the oxidative activity of the extract was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Results showed that the content of flavonoids, the total protein, the total sugar and the total anthocyanin in C. repens extract powder were 2.04%, 1.83%, 55.2% and 7.2%, respectively. Beneficial trace elements such as Ca, Mn, Mg in C. repens extracts were higher, while harmful heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Ag, Co, Ge were very tiny or not detected at all. The IC 50 of C. repens was 0.265 mg/mL for scavenging DPPH·, and 1.16 mg/mL for scavenging ·OH free radical, the total reducing power of 1 mg extract was equivalent to that of 39 μg of Vc, and the extract showed no regular chelating power to ferrous ions. In conclusion, C. repens extracts have high content of natural active components, but extremely low content of the harmful heavy metals, and C. repens extract has good antioxidant capacity. Its antioxidant activity is realized by a variety of active factors through a synergistic mechanism. Thus, C. repens extract has great potential for developing into functional foods.展开更多
[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal ...[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of Callisia repens arranged closely,and no cell gap was arranged.The morphology of the epidermal cells was hexagonal,few pentagon or heptagon,the equivalent elliptical aspect ratio was 1.20,the vertical wall was straight and there was no stomatal distribution.Compared with the epidermal cells,the morphology of the lower epidermal cells was irregular.The equivalent elliptic aspect ratio was 1.35,and the vertical wall was smooth and curved.The mean oval aspect ratio of the stomatal guard cells was 1.42,the average stomatal density was 11.79/mm 2,and the average stomatal index was 17.21.[Conclusions]These characteristics provide the theoretical basis for the drought resistance of Callisia repens and the ornamental plants as roof greening.展开更多
The aim of this work was to study the effect of condensed tannins （CT） on the kinetic of gas production in vitro, on the three main species of Azorean pasture： Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenn...The aim of this work was to study the effect of condensed tannins （CT） on the kinetic of gas production in vitro, on the three main species of Azorean pasture： Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenne, using Quebracho extract as the source of CT, and also to calculate total tannins and condensed tannins on the species studied. Lotus corniculatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens were tested in vitro with the inclusion of Quebracho extract in doses of 0%, 2.5% and 5% DM. The total content in tannins was determined in the 3 species. We have found, in comparison with standard tannic acid, that tannins exist in the flower of T. repens （0.81 equivalents of tannic acid） and in L .corniculatus （1.07 equivalents of tannic acid） but not in L .perenne （0 equivalents of tannic acid）. The concentration of condensed tannins in the 3 species was： 0.34 mg/mL for T. repens; 0.83 mg/mL for L. corniculatus and 0 mg/ml for L. perenne. We verified that a significant reduction （P 〈 0.05） of gas production happened for doses of 5% of CT in comparison with the other two concentrations： 0% and 2.5% of CT. The results of this study express a reduction of the fermentation rate, which implies a reduction of gas production, so, a reduction of methane emission to the atmosphere and an increase of exploitation of the protein by ruminants.展开更多
Dichondra(Dichondra repens)is an important ground cover plant and is also used as a herbal medicine in China.Objectives of this study were to evaluate phenotypic and genetic diversities among 33 genotypes by using 18 ...Dichondra(Dichondra repens)is an important ground cover plant and is also used as a herbal medicine in China.Objectives of this study were to evaluate phenotypic and genetic diversities among 33 genotypes by using 18 simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers and to further identify the drought tolerance of these germplasms based on five physiological parameters.Results showed that natural variations in phenotypes including plant height,leaf area,leaf thickness,and petiole length were observed among 33 genotypes under well-watered conditions.All 18 SSR primer pairs were found to be polymorphic and significant genetic variation was found in these genotypes.In addition,there were obvious differences in leaf relative water content(RWC),electrolyte leakage(EL),chlorophyll(Chl)content,photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),and performance index on absorption basis(PIABS)among 33 genotypes in response to a prolonged period of drought stress(46 d).Drought tolerance of 33 genotypes was then ranked by using subordinate function value analysis(SFVA)and the most drought-tolerant or-sensitive genotypes were identified as Dr5 or Dr29,respectively.Principal component analysis(PCA)further classified 33 genotypes into group I(drought-tolerant),group II(droughtsensitive),and group III(medium types).Current findings showed that 18 selected SSR primers could be potentially used to analyze genetic diversity and varietal identification in dichondra species.Drought-tolerant wild dichondra resources provide a rich genetic base for breeding of new cultivars.展开更多
Resource sharing in the different parts of the clonal white clover plant (Trifolium repens L.) was investigated in this study. The results showed that the integration of water and nitrogen metabolism occured among par...Resource sharing in the different parts of the clonal white clover plant (Trifolium repens L.) was investigated in this study. The results showed that the integration of water and nitrogen metabolism occured among parental, young and old branches of a plant when water passed through its stolons. Under the sufficient supply of light, water and nutrients from soil the newly developed branches showed similar capacity in taking in sufficient water and nitrogen to that of old branches. The development of the new branches did not affect the growth of the old and parental branches attached. The results also indicated that energy values in roots was significantly related with plant age, however, the energy values were various in the different parts of a plant.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibit...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.展开更多
Objective:To report in vitro anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis(bark)and Duranta repens(whole plant),and present the probable biological spectrum of major anti-oxida...Objective:To report in vitro anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis(bark)and Duranta repens(whole plant),and present the probable biological spectrum of major anti-oxidants from both plants.Methods:The coarse powder of both plants was first extracted with 70%ethanol(maceration)followed by 99%ethanol(Soxhlet-extraction).Anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH,H2O2,2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS),NO scavenging assay,total antioxidant capacity,cupric reducing antioxidant capacity(CUPRAC),and metal chelating assay.Cytotoxicity of both extracts was evaluated using MTT assay in both tumor and normal cell lines i.e.Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO)and A549 cells.Biological activity of individual anti-oxidants from both medicinal plants was identified using prediction of activity spectra for substances and a docking study was performed by using autodock4.0.Results:Hydroalcoholic extract of F.benghalensis and D.repens showed the highest free radical scavenging(ABTS)and chelating capacity respectively.Both extracts showed minimum cytotoxicity in normal cell lines compared to tumor cell lines.Computer imitation hits reflected the multiple biological activities agreeing with the folk use and some scientific reports.Further,we found the binding affinity of predicted anti-oxidant compounds with multiple protein molecules involved in oxidative stress.Conclusion:The present study reports the probable anti-oxidant mechanism for two folk agents and also presents probable pharmacological activities via computer simulations.展开更多
Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symp-toms(LUTS)in older men.Nowadays,there are several plant extracts used for the treatment of LUTS due to BPH.Objec...Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symp-toms(LUTS)in older men.Nowadays,there are several plant extracts used for the treatment of LUTS due to BPH.Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effect of combining silodosin 8 mg with Serenoa repens,Urtica dioica,Cucurbita pepo(Rotaprost 530 mg)compared to silodosin 8 mg and Rotaprost 530 mg alone in patients with LUTS/BPH.Methods:Four hundred five men with symptomatic BPH were recruited for the study from June 2020 to Jan-uary 2021.Three hundred eighty-nine patients were followed up for 6 months.All participants provided writ-ten informed consent.This prospective study included analysis of three treatment groups:Group I patients(n=130)received a combination of silodosin 8 mg and Rotaprost 530 mg(containing a dry extract of Serenoa repens 80 mg,a dry extract of Urtica dioica 150 mg,a dry extract of Cucurbita pepo seeds 200 mg,zinc(in the form of zinc picolinate)0.105 mg,and selenium(as sodium selenite)22.5μg);the group II(n=129)re-ceived silodosin 8 mg alone,and the group III(n=130)received Rotaprost 530 mg alone.Outcomes were measured by changes from baseline in International Prostate Symptom Score(IPPS)total score,PSA value,prostate volume,residual urine after urination,and maximum flow rate.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results:In group I,IPSS,prostate volume,and maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax)improved significantly(P<0.05)compared with groups II and III during follow-up.Prostate volume in group I showed a significant decrease only during 6 months of therapy(P<0.05).No serious adverse effects were registered in the three groups.Conclusion:Combination therapy with silodosin 8 mg significantly reduced LUTS/BPH,Qmax,and prostate volume compared with silodosin 8 mg alone.Rotaprost 530 mg can also reduce PSA by at least 20.6−25.7%after 6-months of treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by Doctor Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technology~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Trifolium repens L.leaves to water stress from perspective of physiology.[Method] With T.repens cultivar ＂Haifa＂ as tested material,three soil water content levels were set to culture plants,including 75% （no stress,CK）,50% （moderate stress,LD） and 25% （severe stress,HD）,the effects of water stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined.[Result] The results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters changed a little when the relative soil moisture content was 75% and 50%,while the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as conversion efficiency of primary light energy （Fv/Fm） of PS Ⅱ,the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） and the quantum yield of PS Ⅱ electron transport （φPS Ⅱ） decreased respectively when the relative soil moisture content was 25%.[Conclusion] When T.repens in severe drought conditions,the physiological functions were damaged,showing symptoms of drought injury.
基金Supported by Guizhou Program for Agricultural Development([2009]3067)Guizhou Science and Technology Foundation([2012]2199)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select and identify inorganic phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens,and to research related effects of growth promotion.[Method] Phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens in Guizhou Province were separated and selected to determine its ability of phosphate solubilizing and IAA secretion,and growth promotion effect.[Result] Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were multiple and varied in rhizosphere of Trifolium repens;solubilizing quantities of phosphorus from calcium phosphate by RW2,RW6 and RW18 were 337.39,447.45 and 462.03 μg/ml;solubilizing quantity was none of linear relation with organic acid;RW2 proved the one secreted most IAA at 12.69 μg/ml,followed by RW18 at 12.34 μg/ml;the three strains were all of Leclercia sp.,but were of none pathogenicity for seedlings of Trifolium repens,instead,a kind of growth promotion was found.Detailedly,RW18 was most effective in growth promotion for Trifolium repens and plant height,root length and weight,and aboveground biomass increased by 110.98%,9.17%,46.17% and 2% respectively.Hence,RW18 is of great potential.[Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for developing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and compound inoculation and develops a novel way to relieve barren soils,save phosphorus resource,reduce environment pollution,and guarantee sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
文摘Three ethylene diurea （EDU） concentrations （0, 150 and 300 mg/L） were used to evaluate the negative impact of ozone （O3） on two cultivars of Trifoliurn repens L. cv. Vardan and Bundel grown under natural field conditions in a suburban area of Varanasi, India. Mean O3 concentrations varied from 30.3 to 46.6 μg/L during the experimental period. Higher photosynthetic pigments and ascorhic acid concentrations were noticed in both EDU-treated cultivars over non-EDU-treated ones, but a reverse trend was found for lipid peroxidation. Growth parameters and biomass also showed increments under EDU treatment of both cultivars. The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence increased significantly in Vardan but not in Bundel upon EDU treatment. Results revealed that EDU concentration of 300 mg/L was more effective to combat the oxidative stress as well as protecting plants from O3 injury symptoms. The test cultivar Vardan is relatively sensitive to O3, thereby can be used as a bioindicator of O3 pollution in areas having higher O3 concentrations. Results also indicated that Bundel has more efficient antioxidant defense system than Vardan and hence was more tolerant to O3 stress.
文摘Objective:Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites,including aamylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors,and-has potent antioxidant activity.The present study evaluated the network pharmacology of D.repens(whole plant)with targets related to diabetes mellitus and assessed its outcome by evaluating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.Methods:Phytoconstituents of D.repens were retrieved from an open-source database and published literature,and their targets were predicted for diabetes mellitus using Binding DB and the therapeutic target database.Protein-protein interaction was predicted using STRING,and pathways involved in diabetes mellitus were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway browser.Druglikeness,ADMET profile(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity)and cytotoxicity of compounds modulating proteins involved in diabetes were predicted using Mol Soft,admet SAR2.0 and CLC-Pred,respectively.The interaction network among phytoconstituents,proteins and pathways was constructed using Cytoscape,and the docking study was performed using Auto Dock4.0.The hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens was evaluated using streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus animal model for 28 d,followed by an oral glucose tolerance test.At the end of the study,biochemical parameters like glycogen content,hepatic enzymes,antioxidant biomarkers and lipid profiles were quantified.Further,the liver and pancreas were collected for a histopathology study.Results:Thirty-six different secondary metabolites from D.repens were identified to regulate thirty-one targets involved in diabetes mellitus,in which protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 B(PTP1 B)was primarily targeted.Enrichment analysis of modulated proteins identified 12 different pathways in diabetic pathogenesis in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Akt)signaling pathway was chiefly regulated.The docking study found that durantanin I possessed the highest binding affinity(à8.9 kcal/mol)with PTP1 B.Similarly,ADMET profiling showed that the majority of bioactive constituents from D.repens had higher human intestinal absorptivity and minimal cytotoxicity to normal cell lines,than tumor cell lines.Further,an in vivo animal study reflected the efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract of D.repens to lower the elevated blood glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion,maintaining pancreatic b cell mass,regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and enhancing the glucose uptake in skeletal muscles.Conclusion:The present study reflected the probable network interaction of bioactive constituents from D.repens,their targets and modulated pathways,which identified the prime regulation of the PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway and PTP1 B protein.Modulation of PTP1 B protein and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway could contribute to enhancing glucose uptake,insulin production and glycolysis and decreasing gluconeogenesis in diabetes,which was evaluated via the experimental study.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Key Project(GC04B115)
文摘In winter, spring and summer, the rhizome of wild Elytrzgia repens of Heilongjiang Province was selected to extract the soluble which whole protein and the apoplastic protein, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The result indicated that there were two specific polypeptides in two types protein from winter; their relative molecular weight were identified as 52 ku and 26 ku by analyzing software; the apoplastic protein from winter had the ability of modifing the growth of ice crystal which appeared hexagonal in shape observed with the phase-contrast photomicroscope. So the apoplastic protein from winter has the antifreeze characters and the 52 ku protein is more likely the antifreeze protein
基金provided by the Science and Engineering Research Board,Department of Science and Technology,Govt.of India,New Delhi(Grant No.SB/SO/HS/014/2014)
文摘OBJECTIVE： Geophila repens （L.） I. M. Johnst. （Rubiaceae）, a small, creeping, perennial herb, is claimed to have memory-enhancing property. The goal of this study was to assess its antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity and conduct a rapid bioautographic enzyme assay for screening acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BChE） inhibition of G. repens extracts. METHODS： Antioxidant activity of G. repens extracts was assessed by performing 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO）, superoxide （SOD）, hydroxyl （OH） and total antioxidant capacity （TAC） assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of chloroform （CGR）, ethyl acetate （EGR） and methanol （MGR） extract fractions from G. repens leaves. A rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography （HPTLC） bioautographic method for the detection of AChE and BChE inhibition was performed. RESULTS： Among all extract fractions, EGR exhibited the highest half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） in DPPH, SOD, NO, OH and TAC assays, with IC50 of （38.33 ± 3.21）, （45.14 ±1.78）, （59.81± 1.32）, （39.45 ± 0.79） and （43.76 ± 0.81 ） μg/mL respectively. EGR displayed competitive, reversible inhibition of AChE and BChE activities with IC50 of （68.63±0.45） and （59.45 ±0.45）μg/mL, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of EGR were found to be 360.42 mg gallic acid equivalents and 257.31 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of extract. Phytoconstituents of the EGR extract that were inhibitors of cholinesterase produced white spots on the yellow background of HPTLC plates in the bioautographic test. CONCLUSION： The results of this study revealed that phenols and flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities of G. repens.
基金supported by the National Research Council Grant 07-38
文摘Objective:To identify worms obtained from patients with eye lesions and to describe the demographic factors of patients with ocular dirofilariasis.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 worm samples from 30 patients referred by consultant ophthalmologists between 2006 and February 2014.Data on age,sex and site of the lesion were ascertained from the details given in the referral letters.Morphological identification of the worm was based on the maximum width,length and appearance of the cuticle.The sex of the worm was determined by the width,length and presence or absence of vulva opening.PCR was performed using Dirofilaria repens specific primers to confirm the species of worms which could not be identified morphologically.Results:Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 40-49 years(mean age = 42 years).Majority of them were females(70%).Subconjunctival lesions were the most frequent presentation,while the rest(n = 4) were found on eyelids.Female worms were extracted from 18 cases,and 11 had male worms.One individual had both male and female worms in a single nodule.Adults were the most commonly affected.This pattern was different from the previous studies in Sri Lanka where the most common age group affected was younger than 9 years old.Conclusions:The present study showed a considerably high incidence of ocular dirofilariasis,stressing the importance of implementing preventive measures to reduce the transmission of this zoonotic filarial disease.
文摘The suitability of models for describing the clonal growth of Trifolium repens population was discussed. The results showed that deterministic models were inadequate for describing its clonal growth, but the diffusion models and the randomwalk models suited for the clonal growth characteristics of the population. And it was found that random-walk models were better than diffusion models for describing a population in an environment with rich natural resources, and the latter was better in a poor environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Nos.31860051 and 31360044.
文摘interactions,many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities,such as scent emission,flower rewards and floral vertical direction,in a rhythmic fashion.However,less is known about how plants regulate the relationship between these flower traits to adapt to pollinator visiting behavior and increase reproduction success.Here we investigated the adaptive significance of the flower bending from erect to downward in Trifolium repens.We observed the flowering dynamic characteristics(changes of vertical direction of florets,flowering number,pollen grain numbers,pollen viability and stigma receptivity over time after blossom)and the factors affecting the rate of flower bending in T.repens.Then we altered the vertical direction of florets in inflorescence of different types(upright and downward),and compared the pollinator behaviors and female reproductive success.Our results showed that florets opened sequentially in inflorescence,and then bend downwards slowly after flowering.The bending speed of florets was mainly influenced by pollination,and bending angle increased with the prolongation of flowering time,while the pollen germination rate,stigma receptivity and nectar secretion has a rhythm of“lowhigh-low”during the whole period with the time going.The visiting frequency of all the four species of pollinators on upward flowers was significantly higher than that of downward flowers,and they especially prefer to visit flowers with a bending angle of 30°–60°,when the flowers was exactly of the highest flower rewards(nectar secretion and number of pollen grains),stigma receptivity and pollen germination rate.The seed set ratio and fruit set ratio of upward flowers were significantly higher than downward flowers,but significantly lower than unmanipulated flowers.Our results indicated that the T.repens could increase female and male fitness by accurate pollination.The most suitable flower angle saves pollinators’visiting energy and enables them to obtain the highest nectar rewards.This coordination between plants and pollinators maximizes the interests of them,which is a crucial factor in initiating specialized plant-pollinator relationships.
基金Supported by the Industry-University-Research Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JA15296)the Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province(ZZ2018J20)Guiding Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2019N0018)
文摘To study the main active components and antioxidant activity in vitro of extracts from Callisia repens , the contents of main active components such as total flavonoids, total anthocyanin and total sugar in the extracts were studied by spectrophotometry. The components and content of 18 kinds of metals were determined by ICP-MS mass spectrometry. Finally, the oxidative activity of the extract was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Results showed that the content of flavonoids, the total protein, the total sugar and the total anthocyanin in C. repens extract powder were 2.04%, 1.83%, 55.2% and 7.2%, respectively. Beneficial trace elements such as Ca, Mn, Mg in C. repens extracts were higher, while harmful heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Ag, Co, Ge were very tiny or not detected at all. The IC 50 of C. repens was 0.265 mg/mL for scavenging DPPH·, and 1.16 mg/mL for scavenging ·OH free radical, the total reducing power of 1 mg extract was equivalent to that of 39 μg of Vc, and the extract showed no regular chelating power to ferrous ions. In conclusion, C. repens extracts have high content of natural active components, but extremely low content of the harmful heavy metals, and C. repens extract has good antioxidant capacity. Its antioxidant activity is realized by a variety of active factors through a synergistic mechanism. Thus, C. repens extract has great potential for developing into functional foods.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Competitive Allocation Project of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy(2018A03030)Special Talent Program of Lingnan Normal University(ZL2021010).
文摘[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of Callisia repens arranged closely,and no cell gap was arranged.The morphology of the epidermal cells was hexagonal,few pentagon or heptagon,the equivalent elliptical aspect ratio was 1.20,the vertical wall was straight and there was no stomatal distribution.Compared with the epidermal cells,the morphology of the lower epidermal cells was irregular.The equivalent elliptic aspect ratio was 1.35,and the vertical wall was smooth and curved.The mean oval aspect ratio of the stomatal guard cells was 1.42,the average stomatal density was 11.79/mm 2,and the average stomatal index was 17.21.[Conclusions]These characteristics provide the theoretical basis for the drought resistance of Callisia repens and the ornamental plants as roof greening.
文摘The aim of this work was to study the effect of condensed tannins （CT） on the kinetic of gas production in vitro, on the three main species of Azorean pasture： Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenne, using Quebracho extract as the source of CT, and also to calculate total tannins and condensed tannins on the species studied. Lotus corniculatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens were tested in vitro with the inclusion of Quebracho extract in doses of 0%, 2.5% and 5% DM. The total content in tannins was determined in the 3 species. We have found, in comparison with standard tannic acid, that tannins exist in the flower of T. repens （0.81 equivalents of tannic acid） and in L .corniculatus （1.07 equivalents of tannic acid） but not in L .perenne （0 equivalents of tannic acid）. The concentration of condensed tannins in the 3 species was： 0.34 mg/mL for T. repens; 0.83 mg/mL for L. corniculatus and 0 mg/ml for L. perenne. We verified that a significant reduction （P 〈 0.05） of gas production happened for doses of 5% of CT in comparison with the other two concentrations： 0% and 2.5% of CT. The results of this study express a reduction of the fermentation rate, which implies a reduction of gas production, so, a reduction of methane emission to the atmosphere and an increase of exploitation of the protein by ruminants.
文摘Dichondra(Dichondra repens)is an important ground cover plant and is also used as a herbal medicine in China.Objectives of this study were to evaluate phenotypic and genetic diversities among 33 genotypes by using 18 simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers and to further identify the drought tolerance of these germplasms based on five physiological parameters.Results showed that natural variations in phenotypes including plant height,leaf area,leaf thickness,and petiole length were observed among 33 genotypes under well-watered conditions.All 18 SSR primer pairs were found to be polymorphic and significant genetic variation was found in these genotypes.In addition,there were obvious differences in leaf relative water content(RWC),electrolyte leakage(EL),chlorophyll(Chl)content,photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),and performance index on absorption basis(PIABS)among 33 genotypes in response to a prolonged period of drought stress(46 d).Drought tolerance of 33 genotypes was then ranked by using subordinate function value analysis(SFVA)and the most drought-tolerant or-sensitive genotypes were identified as Dr5 or Dr29,respectively.Principal component analysis(PCA)further classified 33 genotypes into group I(drought-tolerant),group II(droughtsensitive),and group III(medium types).Current findings showed that 18 selected SSR primers could be potentially used to analyze genetic diversity and varietal identification in dichondra species.Drought-tolerant wild dichondra resources provide a rich genetic base for breeding of new cultivars.
文摘Resource sharing in the different parts of the clonal white clover plant (Trifolium repens L.) was investigated in this study. The results showed that the integration of water and nitrogen metabolism occured among parental, young and old branches of a plant when water passed through its stolons. Under the sufficient supply of light, water and nutrients from soil the newly developed branches showed similar capacity in taking in sufficient water and nitrogen to that of old branches. The development of the new branches did not affect the growth of the old and parental branches attached. The results also indicated that energy values in roots was significantly related with plant age, however, the energy values were various in the different parts of a plant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971883 and 32200180)the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)+2 种基金the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development,China(2023ZYD0088)the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002,2022ZDZX0014,2023NSFSC1995,and 2022YFSY0035)the Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu City,China(2022-YF05-00449-SN).
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting global wheat production.Elymus repens(2n=6×=42,StStStStHH),a wild relative of wheat,exhibits numerous biotic and abiotic stress resistance characteristics.In previous studies,FHB resistance of E.repens has been transferred into common wheat through a wheat-E.repens partial amphidiploid and derivative lines.This study reports the development,characterization,and breeding utilization of K140-7,a novel wheat-E.repens translocation line conferring resistance to FHB.Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)analyses demonstrated that K140-7 contained 40 common wheat chromosomes and two 7D·St translocation chromosomes.Subsequent characterization using oligonucleotide-FISH painting and single-gene FISH markers confirmed that the 7D fragment was a 7D short arm and the St fragment was a 7St long arm.Therefore,K140-7 was further identified as a 7DS·7StL translocation line with genetic compensation.Wheat 55K SNP array analysis of K140-7 demonstrated the 7DS·7StL translocation event.Field evaluations demonstrated that K140-7 exhibits agronomic performance comparable to its wheat parent.Based on St reference genome of Pseudoroegneria libanotica,21 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers specific to 7StL were developed.Genetic analysis established that 7StL confers FHB resistance and carries the dominant FHB resistance locus,designated as QFhb.Er-7StL.Introgression of QFhb.Er-7StL into elite wheat cultivars has generated three second-generation 7DS·7StL translocation lines with enhanced agronomic traits.This study provides valuable novel germplasms and specific molecular markers for FHB resistance breeding in wheat.
文摘Objective:To report in vitro anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis(bark)and Duranta repens(whole plant),and present the probable biological spectrum of major anti-oxidants from both plants.Methods:The coarse powder of both plants was first extracted with 70%ethanol(maceration)followed by 99%ethanol(Soxhlet-extraction).Anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH,H2O2,2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS),NO scavenging assay,total antioxidant capacity,cupric reducing antioxidant capacity(CUPRAC),and metal chelating assay.Cytotoxicity of both extracts was evaluated using MTT assay in both tumor and normal cell lines i.e.Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO)and A549 cells.Biological activity of individual anti-oxidants from both medicinal plants was identified using prediction of activity spectra for substances and a docking study was performed by using autodock4.0.Results:Hydroalcoholic extract of F.benghalensis and D.repens showed the highest free radical scavenging(ABTS)and chelating capacity respectively.Both extracts showed minimum cytotoxicity in normal cell lines compared to tumor cell lines.Computer imitation hits reflected the multiple biological activities agreeing with the folk use and some scientific reports.Further,we found the binding affinity of predicted anti-oxidant compounds with multiple protein molecules involved in oxidative stress.Conclusion:The present study reports the probable anti-oxidant mechanism for two folk agents and also presents probable pharmacological activities via computer simulations.
文摘Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symp-toms(LUTS)in older men.Nowadays,there are several plant extracts used for the treatment of LUTS due to BPH.Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effect of combining silodosin 8 mg with Serenoa repens,Urtica dioica,Cucurbita pepo(Rotaprost 530 mg)compared to silodosin 8 mg and Rotaprost 530 mg alone in patients with LUTS/BPH.Methods:Four hundred five men with symptomatic BPH were recruited for the study from June 2020 to Jan-uary 2021.Three hundred eighty-nine patients were followed up for 6 months.All participants provided writ-ten informed consent.This prospective study included analysis of three treatment groups:Group I patients(n=130)received a combination of silodosin 8 mg and Rotaprost 530 mg(containing a dry extract of Serenoa repens 80 mg,a dry extract of Urtica dioica 150 mg,a dry extract of Cucurbita pepo seeds 200 mg,zinc(in the form of zinc picolinate)0.105 mg,and selenium(as sodium selenite)22.5μg);the group II(n=129)re-ceived silodosin 8 mg alone,and the group III(n=130)received Rotaprost 530 mg alone.Outcomes were measured by changes from baseline in International Prostate Symptom Score(IPPS)total score,PSA value,prostate volume,residual urine after urination,and maximum flow rate.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results:In group I,IPSS,prostate volume,and maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax)improved significantly(P<0.05)compared with groups II and III during follow-up.Prostate volume in group I showed a significant decrease only during 6 months of therapy(P<0.05).No serious adverse effects were registered in the three groups.Conclusion:Combination therapy with silodosin 8 mg significantly reduced LUTS/BPH,Qmax,and prostate volume compared with silodosin 8 mg alone.Rotaprost 530 mg can also reduce PSA by at least 20.6−25.7%after 6-months of treatment.
