AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ...AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.展开更多
目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于...目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于北京小汤山医院运动康复科住院的脑干卒中患者,将其随机分为膈肌刺激组、气管刺激组和舌根刺激组。3组患者均接受常规康复治疗及呼吸训练,在此基础上,各组分别接受膈肌刺激、气管刺激或舌根刺激干预,每日2次,每次30 min,每周5 d,持续2周。干预前、后采用便携式肺功能检测仪测量峰值咳嗽流量(peak cough flow,PCF),检测24 h痰液量,通过运动心肺功能测试系统检测用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)等静态肺功能指标,并使用超声评估吸气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration,TEI)、呼气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration,TEE)、膈肌厚度分数(diaphragm thickness fraction,DTF)、膈肌移动度(diaphragmatic mobility,DM)等膈肌参数。记录干预后肺炎发生率。结果共纳入33例脑干卒中患者,每组11例。干预后,3组患者的PCF、FVC、FEV1、PEF、TEI、TEE及DTF较干预前均显著提高(均P<0.05),24 h痰液量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后组间两两比较显示,舌根刺激组的24 h痰液量改善效果优于膈肌刺激组[(35.64±10.71)mL vs.(46.09±9.52)mL,P=0.025];舌根刺激组与气管刺激组的FVC、FEV1、PEF均优于膈肌刺激组(均P<0.05)。干预后3组在PCF、TEI、TEE、DTF等方面的差异均无统计学意义。干预后膈肌刺激组的肺炎发生率为36.4%,气管刺激组为18.2%,舌根刺激组为9.1%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.439)。结论膈肌刺激、气管刺激和舌根刺激3种MAC技术均可有效改善脑干卒中患者的咳嗽功能、肺功能及痰液清除能力,其中舌根刺激在诱发咳嗽反射和改善排痰方面的效果更佳。展开更多
In this paper we present sufficient conditions for reflexivity of any powers of the multiplication operator acting on Banach spaces of formal Laurent series.
Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing...Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing concepts to enable the nurses to develop better coping strategies for work-life integration.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed with 249 nurses,including staff nurses,ICU and critical care nurses,operation theatre nurses,pediatric nurses from 17 hospitals.Emotional Reflexivity,work-life integration,and courage were measured using a demographic information questionnaire,Life Project Reflexivity Scale(LPRS),Nurse’s Moral Courage Scale(NMCS),andWork-Life Boundary Enactment(WLBE)scale.A series of multiple regressions analyzed the mediating effect.Results:Emotional Reflexivity was positively correlated with work-life integration(b=0.66,P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between emotional reflexivity and moral courage.But the path did not get the necessary support in the structural equation modeling(SEM)(b=0.13,P=0.40).When controlling for courage(b=0.42,P<0.01),the association was significant between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration with partial mediation.Conclusion:The study reported a positive correlation between reflexivity and work-life integration.Thus,nurses’work-life integration becomes better by reinforcing their emotional reflexivity and moral courage.展开更多
By an elementary proof, we use a result of Conway and Dudziak to show that if A is a hyponormal operator with spectral radius r（A） such that its spectrum is the closed disc {z：｜z｜ ≤ r（A）} then A is reflexive. ...By an elementary proof, we use a result of Conway and Dudziak to show that if A is a hyponormal operator with spectral radius r（A） such that its spectrum is the closed disc {z：｜z｜ ≤ r（A）} then A is reflexive. Using this result, we give a simple proof of a result of Bercovici, Foias, and Pearcy on reflexivity of shift operators. Also, it is shown that every power of an invertible bilateral weighted shift is reflexive.展开更多
Algebraic reflexivity introduced by Hadwin is related to linear interpolation.In this paper,the concepts of weakly algebraic reflexivity and strongly algebraic reflexivity which are also related to linear interpolat...Algebraic reflexivity introduced by Hadwin is related to linear interpolation.In this paper,the concepts of weakly algebraic reflexivity and strongly algebraic reflexivity which are also related to linear interpolation are introduced.Some properties of them are obtained and some relations between them revealed展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.
文摘目的探讨不同类型人工辅助咳嗽(manually assisted coughing,MAC)技术对脑干卒中患者咳嗽功能、痰液清除能力及肺功能的影响,为卒中后咳嗽功能障碍的康复干预提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性随机对照设计,连续纳入2023年5月—2024年5月于北京小汤山医院运动康复科住院的脑干卒中患者,将其随机分为膈肌刺激组、气管刺激组和舌根刺激组。3组患者均接受常规康复治疗及呼吸训练,在此基础上,各组分别接受膈肌刺激、气管刺激或舌根刺激干预,每日2次,每次30 min,每周5 d,持续2周。干预前、后采用便携式肺功能检测仪测量峰值咳嗽流量(peak cough flow,PCF),检测24 h痰液量,通过运动心肺功能测试系统检测用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF)等静态肺功能指标,并使用超声评估吸气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration,TEI)、呼气末膈肌厚度(diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration,TEE)、膈肌厚度分数(diaphragm thickness fraction,DTF)、膈肌移动度(diaphragmatic mobility,DM)等膈肌参数。记录干预后肺炎发生率。结果共纳入33例脑干卒中患者,每组11例。干预后,3组患者的PCF、FVC、FEV1、PEF、TEI、TEE及DTF较干预前均显著提高(均P<0.05),24 h痰液量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后组间两两比较显示,舌根刺激组的24 h痰液量改善效果优于膈肌刺激组[(35.64±10.71)mL vs.(46.09±9.52)mL,P=0.025];舌根刺激组与气管刺激组的FVC、FEV1、PEF均优于膈肌刺激组(均P<0.05)。干预后3组在PCF、TEI、TEE、DTF等方面的差异均无统计学意义。干预后膈肌刺激组的肺炎发生率为36.4%,气管刺激组为18.2%,舌根刺激组为9.1%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.439)。结论膈肌刺激、气管刺激和舌根刺激3种MAC技术均可有效改善脑干卒中患者的咳嗽功能、肺功能及痰液清除能力,其中舌根刺激在诱发咳嗽反射和改善排痰方面的效果更佳。
文摘In this paper we present sufficient conditions for reflexivity of any powers of the multiplication operator acting on Banach spaces of formal Laurent series.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing concepts to enable the nurses to develop better coping strategies for work-life integration.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed with 249 nurses,including staff nurses,ICU and critical care nurses,operation theatre nurses,pediatric nurses from 17 hospitals.Emotional Reflexivity,work-life integration,and courage were measured using a demographic information questionnaire,Life Project Reflexivity Scale(LPRS),Nurse’s Moral Courage Scale(NMCS),andWork-Life Boundary Enactment(WLBE)scale.A series of multiple regressions analyzed the mediating effect.Results:Emotional Reflexivity was positively correlated with work-life integration(b=0.66,P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between emotional reflexivity and moral courage.But the path did not get the necessary support in the structural equation modeling(SEM)(b=0.13,P=0.40).When controlling for courage(b=0.42,P<0.01),the association was significant between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration with partial mediation.Conclusion:The study reported a positive correlation between reflexivity and work-life integration.Thus,nurses’work-life integration becomes better by reinforcing their emotional reflexivity and moral courage.
基金supported by a grant (No.86-GR-SC-27) from Shiraz University Research Council
文摘By an elementary proof, we use a result of Conway and Dudziak to show that if A is a hyponormal operator with spectral radius r（A） such that its spectrum is the closed disc {z：｜z｜ ≤ r（A）} then A is reflexive. Using this result, we give a simple proof of a result of Bercovici, Foias, and Pearcy on reflexivity of shift operators. Also, it is shown that every power of an invertible bilateral weighted shift is reflexive.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1 9771 0 72 ) .
文摘Algebraic reflexivity introduced by Hadwin is related to linear interpolation.In this paper,the concepts of weakly algebraic reflexivity and strongly algebraic reflexivity which are also related to linear interpolation are introduced.Some properties of them are obtained and some relations between them revealed
