植物运输抑制响应蛋白1(transport inhibitor protein 1,TIR1)是一种生长素受体,在生长素信号转导过程中发挥重要作用。目前有关马铃薯生长素受体基因的研究尚未见报道。本研究是从前期工作中获得EST序列,利用NCBI中的BLAST工具,对原始...植物运输抑制响应蛋白1(transport inhibitor protein 1,TIR1)是一种生长素受体,在生长素信号转导过程中发挥重要作用。目前有关马铃薯生长素受体基因的研究尚未见报道。本研究是从前期工作中获得EST序列,利用NCBI中的BLAST工具,对原始序列进行同源性分析,选择与原始序列相似度最高的一条同源序列。通过电子克隆技术,得到TIR1基因。采用生物信息学方法对基因序列、编码氨基酸、理化性质、跨膜结构域、亲/疏水性、信号肽、磷酸化位点、N-端糖基化位点、高级结构等进行分析。结果表明,TIR1基因cDNA全长1740 bp,编码580个氨基酸,分子量64.68 kD,理论等电点5.60,亲水性系数0.034,不稳定系数56.67,为不稳定酸性疏水性蛋白,编码蛋白含有59个磷酸化位点,4个N-端糖基化位点,无信号肽、跨膜区域,高级结构主要由α螺旋和无规卷曲序列组成。通过系统进化分析,TIR1蛋白与烟草、番茄和拟南芥等植物中的TIR1蛋白同源性较高。亚细胞定位分析,TIR1基因主要位于细胞核,小部分可能位于线粒体。研究结果为马铃薯TIR1基因的试验克隆及功能验证研究提供了理论依据。展开更多
The total internal reflection(TIR)behavior of interface shear waves is crucial for ensuring the reliability of dielectric elastomer(DE)devices.However,due to the complex force-electric coupling and large deformation o...The total internal reflection(TIR)behavior of interface shear waves is crucial for ensuring the reliability of dielectric elastomer(DE)devices.However,due to the complex force-electric coupling and large deformation of DEs,the TIR behavior of shear waves in heterogeneous force-electric interface models is still unclear.This study modeled an elastic/DE bi-material interface to analyze the trajectory of out-of-plane shear waves.Employing Dorfmann and Ogden’s nonlinear electroelastic framework and the related linear small incremental motion theory,a method has been developed to control the TIR behavior of interface shear waves.It has been found that the TIR behavior is significantly influenced by the strain-stiffening effect induced by biasing fields.Consequently,a biasing field principle involving preset electric displacement and pre-stretch has been proposed for TIR occurrence.By controlling the pre-stretch and preset electric displacement,active regulation of TIR behavior can be achieved.These results suggest a potential method for achieving autonomous energy shielding to improve the reliability of DE devices.展开更多
The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range, which requires that antireflection coating （ARC） is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell. In this paper, ...The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range, which requires that antireflection coating （ARC） is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell. In this paper, we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO2/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm （duaI- junction） and 300-1850 nm （triple-junction）, under the solar spectrum AM0. In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer, we use multidimensional matrix data for reliable simulation. A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance （WAR） method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance （EAR） method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.展开更多
An in-situ reflection ultramicroelectrode microscopic FTIR spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed and demonstrated by using hexacyanoferrate redox couple in aqueous sulphate solution.An excellent microscopic SNIF...An in-situ reflection ultramicroelectrode microscopic FTIR spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed and demonstrated by using hexacyanoferrate redox couple in aqueous sulphate solution.An excellent microscopic SNIFTIRS reflection spectra had been obtained with no difficulty of IR beam focusing.The cell is simple in construction and convenient for use,And it will have most of all advantages of micro-/ultramicroelectrode.展开更多
The characteristics of electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission by multilayered structures consisting of a pair of left-handed material (LHM) and superlattices (LANS) slabs inserted between two semi-infinite d...The characteristics of electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission by multilayered structures consisting of a pair of left-handed material (LHM) and superlattices (LANS) slabs inserted between two semi-infinite dielectric media are investigated for photovoltaic and solar energy applications. Maxwell’s equations are used to determine the electric and magnetic fields of the perpendicular polarized wave incident at each layer. Snell’s law is applied and the boundary conditions are imposed at each layer interface to calculate the reflected and transmitted coefficients of the structure. The reflected, transmitted powers are determined using these coefficients by a recursive method. The reflected and transmitted powers are computed in both visible and microwave spectral band with the appropriate LHM for each band and appropriate location of LANS in the structure. They are illustrated as a function of the incident wavelength, angle of incidence, magnetic fraction of LANS and thickness of the slabs with the emphasis on the appropriate refractive indices. I found that, zero reflectance and maximum transmittance of the incident powers are achieved for visible spectral band at a single frequency if LHM and LANS have the same refractive index of opposite signs with the same width and more magnetic material of LANS while the reflected power is zero for less magnetic material of LANS in the microwave spectral band which realizes antireflection coating in this structure.展开更多
The conversion of sunlight into electricity via photovoltaics presents tremendous opportunities for the generation of renewable energy. However, solar cells still face several challenges and limitations to further red...The conversion of sunlight into electricity via photovoltaics presents tremendous opportunities for the generation of renewable energy. However, solar cells still face several challenges and limitations to further reduce manufacturing costs and increase module efficiency. Photon management is paramount to increase the efficiency of the mainstream silicon-based cell and always includes a suitable antireflection coating (ARC) structure to decrease the reflectance (R) at the top surface. We propose a novel triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) consisting of three layers sandwiched between the upper cover (glass) and the substrate (silicon). The inner three layers are graded refractive index material (GIM) as an active layer, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), and zinc sulfide (ZnS), respectively. The optical properties of the TLAR have been investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The results of using GIM as the active medium lead to the reflection decaying to the minimum value, and the transmittance reaching the maximum values at a specific wavelength range. The proposed triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) structure presents a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. Its unique design and utilization of graded refractive index material (GIM) as the active layer make it a novel and innovative approach that holds great potential for advancing solar cell technology.展开更多
Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fif...Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.展开更多
Global challenges like epidemics,wars,and climate change expose humans to life-and-death threats daily,triggering death anxiety and subsequent death reflection,which involves deliberate cognitive processing of mortali...Global challenges like epidemics,wars,and climate change expose humans to life-and-death threats daily,triggering death anxiety and subsequent death reflection,which involves deliberate cognitive processing of mortality.While some studies have shown the positive impacts of death reflection,such as on well-being,the relationship between death reflection and existential well-being,closely related to life and death,remains unexplored.This study aimed to investigate the effects of death reflection on existential well-being and the mediating role of relational self-esteem.675 university students from Sichuan and Hubei,China,completed the death reflection scale,relational self-esteem scale,and the existential well-being subscale of the spiritual well-being scale.Results indicated that death reflection was positively correlated with both relational self-esteem and existential well-being,and relational self-esteem was positively related to existential well-being.Mediation analysis confirmed that relational self-esteem mediated the relationship between death reflection and existential well-being.This study not only enriches the research content on the positive effects of death reflection theoretically,but also holds significant practical value in guiding individuals who have experienced death or been exposed to death-related information in their psychological reconstruction and recovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12372154)National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.J2019-III-0010-0054).
文摘The total internal reflection(TIR)behavior of interface shear waves is crucial for ensuring the reliability of dielectric elastomer(DE)devices.However,due to the complex force-electric coupling and large deformation of DEs,the TIR behavior of shear waves in heterogeneous force-electric interface models is still unclear.This study modeled an elastic/DE bi-material interface to analyze the trajectory of out-of-plane shear waves.Employing Dorfmann and Ogden’s nonlinear electroelastic framework and the related linear small incremental motion theory,a method has been developed to control the TIR behavior of interface shear waves.It has been found that the TIR behavior is significantly influenced by the strain-stiffening effect induced by biasing fields.Consequently,a biasing field principle involving preset electric displacement and pre-stretch has been proposed for TIR occurrence.By controlling the pre-stretch and preset electric displacement,active regulation of TIR behavior can be achieved.These results suggest a potential method for achieving autonomous energy shielding to improve the reliability of DE devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61176012 and 90921015)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB327601 and 2012CB932701)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20080440507)
文摘The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range, which requires that antireflection coating （ARC） is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell. In this paper, we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO2/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm （duaI- junction） and 300-1850 nm （triple-junction）, under the solar spectrum AM0. In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer, we use multidimensional matrix data for reliable simulation. A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance （WAR） method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance （EAR） method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.
文摘An in-situ reflection ultramicroelectrode microscopic FTIR spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed and demonstrated by using hexacyanoferrate redox couple in aqueous sulphate solution.An excellent microscopic SNIFTIRS reflection spectra had been obtained with no difficulty of IR beam focusing.The cell is simple in construction and convenient for use,And it will have most of all advantages of micro-/ultramicroelectrode.
文摘The characteristics of electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission by multilayered structures consisting of a pair of left-handed material (LHM) and superlattices (LANS) slabs inserted between two semi-infinite dielectric media are investigated for photovoltaic and solar energy applications. Maxwell’s equations are used to determine the electric and magnetic fields of the perpendicular polarized wave incident at each layer. Snell’s law is applied and the boundary conditions are imposed at each layer interface to calculate the reflected and transmitted coefficients of the structure. The reflected, transmitted powers are determined using these coefficients by a recursive method. The reflected and transmitted powers are computed in both visible and microwave spectral band with the appropriate LHM for each band and appropriate location of LANS in the structure. They are illustrated as a function of the incident wavelength, angle of incidence, magnetic fraction of LANS and thickness of the slabs with the emphasis on the appropriate refractive indices. I found that, zero reflectance and maximum transmittance of the incident powers are achieved for visible spectral band at a single frequency if LHM and LANS have the same refractive index of opposite signs with the same width and more magnetic material of LANS while the reflected power is zero for less magnetic material of LANS in the microwave spectral band which realizes antireflection coating in this structure.
文摘The conversion of sunlight into electricity via photovoltaics presents tremendous opportunities for the generation of renewable energy. However, solar cells still face several challenges and limitations to further reduce manufacturing costs and increase module efficiency. Photon management is paramount to increase the efficiency of the mainstream silicon-based cell and always includes a suitable antireflection coating (ARC) structure to decrease the reflectance (R) at the top surface. We propose a novel triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) consisting of three layers sandwiched between the upper cover (glass) and the substrate (silicon). The inner three layers are graded refractive index material (GIM) as an active layer, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), and zinc sulfide (ZnS), respectively. The optical properties of the TLAR have been investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The results of using GIM as the active medium lead to the reflection decaying to the minimum value, and the transmittance reaching the maximum values at a specific wavelength range. The proposed triple-layer anti-reflective coating (TLAR) structure presents a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. Its unique design and utilization of graded refractive index material (GIM) as the active layer make it a novel and innovative approach that holds great potential for advancing solar cell technology.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2308085QE146 and 2208085ME116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173039)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210894)the Anhui Provincial Universities Outstanding Youth Research Project(No.2023AH020018).
文摘Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.
文摘Global challenges like epidemics,wars,and climate change expose humans to life-and-death threats daily,triggering death anxiety and subsequent death reflection,which involves deliberate cognitive processing of mortality.While some studies have shown the positive impacts of death reflection,such as on well-being,the relationship between death reflection and existential well-being,closely related to life and death,remains unexplored.This study aimed to investigate the effects of death reflection on existential well-being and the mediating role of relational self-esteem.675 university students from Sichuan and Hubei,China,completed the death reflection scale,relational self-esteem scale,and the existential well-being subscale of the spiritual well-being scale.Results indicated that death reflection was positively correlated with both relational self-esteem and existential well-being,and relational self-esteem was positively related to existential well-being.Mediation analysis confirmed that relational self-esteem mediated the relationship between death reflection and existential well-being.This study not only enriches the research content on the positive effects of death reflection theoretically,but also holds significant practical value in guiding individuals who have experienced death or been exposed to death-related information in their psychological reconstruction and recovery.
