With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role i...With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role in the camouflaging effect. Based on the concept of cost-effectiveness ratio, according to the newly formulated Johnson criterion and the view of discovery and destruction, this paper proposes to take the identification probability as the probability of being destroyed and uses mathematical formulas to calculate the cost of a single use decoy. On this basis, a cost-effectiveness ratio model is established, with the product of the increase in the survival probability of the target and the cost of the target as the benefit, and the sum of the product of the probability of being destroyed and the cost of the decoy and the cost of a single use as the consumption cost. The model is calculated and analyzed, and the number of decoys that conform to the actual situation is obtained.展开更多
In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs a...In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.展开更多
This study develops a geological hazard evaluation index system for Shouning County,a key area for disaster prevention in Fujian Province.Through detailed investigation reports and field surveys,six factors were selec...This study develops a geological hazard evaluation index system for Shouning County,a key area for disaster prevention in Fujian Province.Through detailed investigation reports and field surveys,six factors were selected,including elevation,slope gradient,slope aspect,stratigraphic lithological group,distance from the water systems,and geological structures.A geological hazard susceptibility zoning map was created using the Information Quantity Method(IQM).The evaluation showed that elevation,slope aspect,and distance from the water systems are primary risk factors,with high and extremely high susceptibility areas covering 168.57 km^(2)(52.63%of the study area)and a disaster point density of 3.07 points/km^(2).The model achieved an accuracy of 0.73,validating its effectiveness in hazard assessment.These findings provide a valuable reference for disaster prediction and mitigation in Shouning County,supporting improved planning and risk management efforts.展开更多
Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)is a technique that achieves effective lubrication and cooling of the cutting zone by using a minimal amount of cutting fluid.This results in a decrease in the cutting temperature,exte...Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)is a technique that achieves effective lubrication and cooling of the cutting zone by using a minimal amount of cutting fluid.This results in a decrease in the cutting temperature,extending the cutting tool life and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.Optimizing the nozzle settings can enhance the cooling and lubrication performance of MQL,leading to increased processing efficiency and product quality.Nozzles with different shapes are fabricated,and different outlet diameters and wall thicknesses are set.The cutting process takes into account the impact of spindle speed and feed rate.An experimental study is conducted to investigate the atomization cone angle and particle size distribution of different nozzles.The circular nozzle is more conducive to the concentrated injection of an atomized liquid beam.The atomization cone angle is the largest when the nozzle outlet diameter is 1.2 mm.Enlarging the nozzle outlet diameter will increase the diameter of the atomized droplets.The atomization cone angle increases while the droplet diameter decreases with the increase of outlet wall thickness.Properly increasing the outlet wall thickness is beneficial to improving the atomization quality.The droplet diameter increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of spindle speed and feed rate.Increasing the MQL gas supply pressure and reducing the lubricating oil flow rate will improve the atomization quality of the nozzle.Studies on the influence of the MQL nozzle processing technology on the atomization effect can help to enhance the cooling and lubrication performance of the MQL technology,leading to improved processing efficiency and quality.展开更多
Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and...Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and Guandu square) in Kun-ming City, China, which were applied to calculate quantities of plant leaf area of these 13 species. The quantities of plant leaf area for the other 17 ornamental plant species on these squares were directly measured, and the total quantity of plant leaf area of each studied square was obtained individually. The results showed that the quantity of plant leaf area on Shengli square with ornamental plants structure composed of arbor tree species, shrub tree species and turf grass was highest among the three squares. It is believed that the design model of multi-storied vertical structure and proper tending of plant community could not only increase the quantity of plant leaf area, but also play an important role in generating ecological and landscaping benefits. Some corresponding suggestions were put forward on the basis of comprehensive analyses on the plant leaf area quantity of the three representative squares in Kunming urban area.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar con...[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect and staminate flowers were measured and analyzed in morning and afternoon. [Result] Average nectar quantity and sugar concentration differed insignificantly in morning and afternoon of perfect flowers, which could also be applied to staminate flowers. However, average nectar quantity of perfect flower was 64.09 μI and of staminate flower was 44.07 μl. It is obvious that the two were of extremely signifi- cant differences （t=4.642, P〈0.01）, and the former was significantly higher by 45,43%. On the other hand, average sugar concentration of perfect flower was 48.44% and of staminate flower was 37.16%. The two were of extremely significant differences and the former is higher by 30.36%, compared with the latter. These suggested that nectar quantity and sugar concentration would maintain unchanged in different periods for a day, if nectars are not consumed by pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. In the same period, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect flowers were higher than those of staminate flowers. [Conclusion] The research provides references for benefits increase of bee farmers and fruit farmers, as well as exploration of bee pollination.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different land use patterns on soil ecological environment. [Method] Total three representative land use patterns （corn field, cherry tree land, wood land） ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different land use patterns on soil ecological environment. [Method] Total three representative land use patterns （corn field, cherry tree land, wood land） were selected from Hongta District, Yuxi City, and under these three patterns, soil microbial quantity and activity were studied. [Result] Under the three land use patterns, soil microorganisms were domi- nated by bacteria; soil microbial quantity ranked as wood land＇s〉cheery tree land＇s〉 corn field＇s; and total microbial activity, catalase activity and urease activity all ranked as cherry tree land＇s〉wood land＇s〉corn field＇s. [Conclusion] Soil microbial activity and functions are related to farmland management measures, as well as land use pattern and soil nutrients.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and values of the expression of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin in atypical ductal hyperplasia （ADH）, ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS） and invasive ductal carcinoma （IDC） of the bre...OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and values of the expression of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin in atypical ductal hyperplasia （ADH）, ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS） and invasive ductal carcinoma （IDC） of the breast. The relationship between centrosome abnormalities and breast tumor development was further discussed. METHODS There were three groups including ADH, DCIS and IDC with 30 cases in each group. They were analyzed by immuno-fiuorescence quantity analysis. The expression levels of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin protein in these tissues were detected by flow cytometry immuno-fiuorescence analysis and compared with the results from normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in this research. RESULTS The results showed significant differences of the average of the positive （FITC labeled） cells （P=0.000） among the four groups. The level of the IDC group was the highest, while normal breast tissue showed the lowest level. The results suggested that the expression levels of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin both increased as the grade of cellular proliferation and differentiation increased. The expressions showed significant differences among all the groups, except between the ADH and DCIS. There were no significant differences between α-tubulin and γ-tubulin expression in each group （P〈0.05）, as there was agreement in the immuno-fluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis for protein expression. CONCLUSION There is abnormal expression of centrosome tubulin as an early event in the development of breast tumor. Furthermore these aberrations may play a key role during oncogenesis and promote cellular transformation to malignancy. The immuno-fiuorescence quantitive analysis and immunohistochemistry can complement each other.展开更多
文摘With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role in the camouflaging effect. Based on the concept of cost-effectiveness ratio, according to the newly formulated Johnson criterion and the view of discovery and destruction, this paper proposes to take the identification probability as the probability of being destroyed and uses mathematical formulas to calculate the cost of a single use decoy. On this basis, a cost-effectiveness ratio model is established, with the product of the increase in the survival probability of the target and the cost of the target as the benefit, and the sum of the product of the probability of being destroyed and the cost of the decoy and the cost of a single use as the consumption cost. The model is calculated and analyzed, and the number of decoys that conform to the actual situation is obtained.
文摘In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.
基金2024 Guiding Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(No.2024H0026)2025 Innovation Fund Project of Fujian Province(No.2025C0004).
文摘This study develops a geological hazard evaluation index system for Shouning County,a key area for disaster prevention in Fujian Province.Through detailed investigation reports and field surveys,six factors were selected,including elevation,slope gradient,slope aspect,stratigraphic lithological group,distance from the water systems,and geological structures.A geological hazard susceptibility zoning map was created using the Information Quantity Method(IQM).The evaluation showed that elevation,slope aspect,and distance from the water systems are primary risk factors,with high and extremely high susceptibility areas covering 168.57 km^(2)(52.63%of the study area)and a disaster point density of 3.07 points/km^(2).The model achieved an accuracy of 0.73,validating its effectiveness in hazard assessment.These findings provide a valuable reference for disaster prediction and mitigation in Shouning County,supporting improved planning and risk management efforts.
文摘Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)is a technique that achieves effective lubrication and cooling of the cutting zone by using a minimal amount of cutting fluid.This results in a decrease in the cutting temperature,extending the cutting tool life and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.Optimizing the nozzle settings can enhance the cooling and lubrication performance of MQL,leading to increased processing efficiency and product quality.Nozzles with different shapes are fabricated,and different outlet diameters and wall thicknesses are set.The cutting process takes into account the impact of spindle speed and feed rate.An experimental study is conducted to investigate the atomization cone angle and particle size distribution of different nozzles.The circular nozzle is more conducive to the concentrated injection of an atomized liquid beam.The atomization cone angle is the largest when the nozzle outlet diameter is 1.2 mm.Enlarging the nozzle outlet diameter will increase the diameter of the atomized droplets.The atomization cone angle increases while the droplet diameter decreases with the increase of outlet wall thickness.Properly increasing the outlet wall thickness is beneficial to improving the atomization quality.The droplet diameter increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of spindle speed and feed rate.Increasing the MQL gas supply pressure and reducing the lubricating oil flow rate will improve the atomization quality of the nozzle.Studies on the influence of the MQL nozzle processing technology on the atomization effect can help to enhance the cooling and lubrication performance of the MQL technology,leading to improved processing efficiency and quality.
基金This research was sponsored by Educational Department of Yunnan Province (No. 03Z583B).
文摘Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and Guandu square) in Kun-ming City, China, which were applied to calculate quantities of plant leaf area of these 13 species. The quantities of plant leaf area for the other 17 ornamental plant species on these squares were directly measured, and the total quantity of plant leaf area of each studied square was obtained individually. The results showed that the quantity of plant leaf area on Shengli square with ornamental plants structure composed of arbor tree species, shrub tree species and turf grass was highest among the three squares. It is believed that the design model of multi-storied vertical structure and proper tending of plant community could not only increase the quantity of plant leaf area, but also play an important role in generating ecological and landscaping benefits. Some corresponding suggestions were put forward on the basis of comprehensive analyses on the plant leaf area quantity of the three representative squares in Kunming urban area.
基金Supported by National Modern Agriculture (Bee Industry) Technolgy System (CARS-45-SYZ17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect and staminate flowers were measured and analyzed in morning and afternoon. [Result] Average nectar quantity and sugar concentration differed insignificantly in morning and afternoon of perfect flowers, which could also be applied to staminate flowers. However, average nectar quantity of perfect flower was 64.09 μI and of staminate flower was 44.07 μl. It is obvious that the two were of extremely signifi- cant differences （t=4.642, P〈0.01）, and the former was significantly higher by 45,43%. On the other hand, average sugar concentration of perfect flower was 48.44% and of staminate flower was 37.16%. The two were of extremely significant differences and the former is higher by 30.36%, compared with the latter. These suggested that nectar quantity and sugar concentration would maintain unchanged in different periods for a day, if nectars are not consumed by pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. In the same period, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect flowers were higher than those of staminate flowers. [Conclusion] The research provides references for benefits increase of bee farmers and fruit farmers, as well as exploration of bee pollination.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different land use patterns on soil ecological environment. [Method] Total three representative land use patterns （corn field, cherry tree land, wood land） were selected from Hongta District, Yuxi City, and under these three patterns, soil microbial quantity and activity were studied. [Result] Under the three land use patterns, soil microorganisms were domi- nated by bacteria; soil microbial quantity ranked as wood land＇s〉cheery tree land＇s〉 corn field＇s; and total microbial activity, catalase activity and urease activity all ranked as cherry tree land＇s〉wood land＇s〉corn field＇s. [Conclusion] Soil microbial activity and functions are related to farmland management measures, as well as land use pattern and soil nutrients.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and values of the expression of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin in atypical ductal hyperplasia （ADH）, ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS） and invasive ductal carcinoma （IDC） of the breast. The relationship between centrosome abnormalities and breast tumor development was further discussed. METHODS There were three groups including ADH, DCIS and IDC with 30 cases in each group. They were analyzed by immuno-fiuorescence quantity analysis. The expression levels of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin protein in these tissues were detected by flow cytometry immuno-fiuorescence analysis and compared with the results from normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in this research. RESULTS The results showed significant differences of the average of the positive （FITC labeled） cells （P=0.000） among the four groups. The level of the IDC group was the highest, while normal breast tissue showed the lowest level. The results suggested that the expression levels of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin both increased as the grade of cellular proliferation and differentiation increased. The expressions showed significant differences among all the groups, except between the ADH and DCIS. There were no significant differences between α-tubulin and γ-tubulin expression in each group （P〈0.05）, as there was agreement in the immuno-fluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis for protein expression. CONCLUSION There is abnormal expression of centrosome tubulin as an early event in the development of breast tumor. Furthermore these aberrations may play a key role during oncogenesis and promote cellular transformation to malignancy. The immuno-fiuorescence quantitive analysis and immunohistochemistry can complement each other.
