This paper presentsan overview of the standardizationprocess for TraditionalChinese Medicine (TCM)Quality,and reports on the latestresearch projects.It also highlightsthe roles of quality andmodernization in this stan...This paper presentsan overview of the standardizationprocess for TraditionalChinese Medicine (TCM)Quality,and reports on the latestresearch projects.It also highlightsthe roles of quality andmodernization in this standardization.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of Damp-clearing Mixture and establish the quality control indicators. [Methods] The extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was optimized by L 9(3 4) o...[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of Damp-clearing Mixture and establish the quality control indicators. [Methods] The extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was optimized by L 9(3 4) orthogonal design with the content of total flavonoids and the dry yield rate as the evaluation indicators, and the amount of water, extraction time and extraction times as the factors, to determine the formation process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture. In addition, the quality of the mixture was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Results] The optimal extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was as follows: decocting twice, one hour each time, adding 8 times of water in the first time and 6 times of water in the second time, standing the extract in a cool place, adding 0.1% steviosin to facilitate the formation of the mixture;Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Dendrophenol in the mixture were well separated by TLC with good reproducibility and specificity. [Conclusions] The preparation process and quality control indicators determined by the experiment are reasonable and feasible. It can provide a reference for the pilot production and quality standards of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aims to establish the quality standard of Fuzheng Wangan granules.[Methods]The qualitative identification of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba was carried out by the thin layer chromatograp...[Objectives]This study aims to establish the quality standard of Fuzheng Wangan granules.[Methods]The qualitative identification of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba was carried out by the thin layer chromatography(TLC).The content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The spots of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba were clear,and the negative control had no interference.The total content of ginsenoside Rg1,Re and Rb ranged from 0.0762 to 0.0739 mg/g.[Conclusions]The method for the quality control of Fuzheng Wangan granules established in this study is stable and feasible.展开更多
This paper analyzed GPS data from the Topo-Iberia network spanning almost 12 years(2008-2020).The data quality information for all 26 Topo-Iberia stations is provided for the first time,complementing the Spanish Geolo...This paper analyzed GPS data from the Topo-Iberia network spanning almost 12 years(2008-2020).The data quality information for all 26 Topo-Iberia stations is provided for the first time,complementing the Spanish Geological Survey’s storage work.Data analyses based on quality indicators obtained using TEQC have been carried out.The guidelines and data quality information from the IGS stations have been considered as the quality references,with the stations ALJI,EPCU,and TIOU standing out as the worst stations,while on the contrary,FUEN,PALM,PILA,and TRIA meet the quality requirements to become an IGS station.The relationship between the GPS data quality and their GAMIT-and Gipsy X-derived postfit ionosphere-free phase residuals has also been investigated,and the results reveal an inversely proportional relationship.It has been found that the stations showing an increase in elevation of the horizon line,also show an increase in cycle slips and multipath,are among the poorest quality stations,and among those with the highest postfit RMS of phase residuals.Moreover,the evolution of the vegetation around the antenna should be considered as it could cause a progressive loss of quality,which is not complying with the IGS standards.The quality assessment shows that the Topo-Iberia stations are appropriate for geodetic purposes,but permanent monitoring would be necessary to avoid the least possible loss of data and quality.In addition,a method to characterize the GNSS data quality is proposed.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multipli...[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.展开更多
[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further impr...[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.展开更多
Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 ...Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 mg/L), Na (28.72 mg/L), Ca (28.94 mg/L), Mg (17.50 mg/L), Cl (11.65 mg/L), TSS (6.27 mg/L), TDS (104.23 mg/L), BOD (2.83 mg/L) and F (0.87 mg/L) were below WHO standards irrespective of their defecation status. The values for electrical conductivity (EC) (2770.50 µs/cm, turbidity (481.24 NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.32 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (445.50 mg/L), K (125.06 mg/L), PO4 (0.78 mg/L) and Fe (0.57 mg/L) were above the WHO limits for safe water. Higher EC and COD values obtained in the study is evidence of pollution of the water sources by organic matter.展开更多
This study explores the development of quality standards for leadership and organizational development in higher education to addresses the challenges posed by globalization and digitalization. By analyzing current si...This study explores the development of quality standards for leadership and organizational development in higher education to addresses the challenges posed by globalization and digitalization. By analyzing current situations and proposing a strategic framework, this study offers standard-based solutions for improving leadership quality and organizational performance in universities. The proposed quality standards align institutional goals with educational objectives, ensuring that higher education institutions are able to meet demands of modern education.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in vario...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in various diseases. In our study, we established a quality standard of Indigoplant according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and this standard has passed the early audit stages of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. The lndigoplant samples were identified with high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC）, qualified with RP-HPLC quantitation, and analyzed with a series of quality tests. An accurate, reliable and robust HPLC method with gradient elution for quantitation was developed and validated with a one-variable-at-a-time （OVAT） robustness approach. Several tests, including the loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of Indigoplant, were performed for quality analysis. Furthermore, six batches of the Indigoplant samples were appraised with this quality standard. In conclusion, the established quality standard was more internationally normative and applicable for the quality control of Indigoplant in practical application.展开更多
Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
[Objectives] To identify Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler.) Miers by microscope and ultraviolet spectrum. [Methods] The paraffin section, slide section and freehand section were used to make the cross section of the ste...[Objectives] To identify Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler.) Miers by microscope and ultraviolet spectrum. [Methods] The paraffin section, slide section and freehand section were used to make the cross section of the stem and leaf, and the surface of the leaf and the powder of the root, stem and leaf were made by the conventional method, which were observed under the optical microscope. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum identification was carried out according to a conventional method. [Results] The microscopic identification and ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics of P. venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers were described in detail. [Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a reference for the identification of P. venusta(KerGawler)Miers and the establishment of the related quality standard.展开更多
The environmental impact of combustion gas emissions during the cremation process in the municipality of Tlalmanalco,State of Mexico,was investigated.A TESTO 340 combustion analyzer was used over nine days to evaluate...The environmental impact of combustion gas emissions during the cremation process in the municipality of Tlalmanalco,State of Mexico,was investigated.A TESTO 340 combustion analyzer was used over nine days to evaluate 30 cremation services.The average emission values obtained were 84.03 g/h for NO_(2),7,050.9 g/h for SO_(2),and 46,194.4 g/h for CO.Using this data,the dispersion of these pollutants was analyzed with HYSPLIT software and compared with air quality standards.Results showed that the gases dispersed effectively in the air within 1 h,ensuring no risk to the population.However,CO emissions exceeded the limit set by the NADF-017-AIRE-2017 standard for fixed sources,while NO_(2)emissions remained below the permissible limit.展开更多
As a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dictamni Cortex is widely used for the treatment of rheumatism and skin diseases. To promote the internationalization of Dictarnni Cortex, we established a recommended qualit...As a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dictamni Cortex is widely used for the treatment of rheumatism and skin diseases. To promote the internationalization of Dictarnni Cortex, we established a recommended quality standard of Dictamni Cortex according to the European Pharmacopoeia （EP） in the present study. Foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid were determined according to the procedures of EP 8.0. The thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification method was established by using obacunone and fraxinellone as the reference substances. The content of dictarnnine, obacunone and fraxinellone was assayed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）. Furthermore, we tested 21 batches of the prepared slices of Dictamni Cortex from different regions. The results indicated that the established quality standard was specific, accurate and internationalized, which could be used for the quality control of Dictamni Cortex.展开更多
Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management.Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards.To understand the h...Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management.Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards.To understand the history of the development of China’s ambient air quality standards,this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards,classification of functional areas,standard grading,pollutants,and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years.The results show that since the initial release of the“Ambient Air Quality Standard”by China in 1982,it has been supplemented once,revised twice,and modified twice.The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air.With the development of ambient air quality management,the number of pollutants has increased to ten.Since the release of the“Ambient Air Quality Standards”in 2012,the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved.However,the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low.At present,China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO2concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization(WHO)interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline(AQG).We further suggested that the SO2standard should be revised promptly.Simultaneously,regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality.展开更多
With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised nat...With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised national ambient air quality standards （NAAQS） for particulate matter （PM） in 2012 （GB3095-2012）. To assess the effectiveness of current NAAQS for PM on public health in Chinese population, we conducted a meta- analysis on published studies examining the mortality risk of short-term exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5μm （PM10 and PM2.5） in China. The reported 24-hour concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in studies ranged from 43.5 to 150.1 μg/m^3 and 37.5 to 176.7 μg/m^3. In the pooled excess, mortality risk estimates of short-term exposure to PM. In specific, per 10 μg/m^3 increase in PM10, we observed increases of 0.40% （95%CI： 0.33%, 0.47%）, 0.57% （95%CI： 0.44%, 0.70%） and 0.49% （95%CI： 0.40%, 0.58%） in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, per 10/μg/m^3 increase in PM2.5, we observed increases of 0.51% （95% CI： 0.38%, 0.63%）, 0.62% （95%CI： 0.52%, 0.73%） and 0.75% （95%CI： 0.54%, 0.95%） in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, we derived 125 μg/m^3 for PM10 and 62.5 μg/ m^3 for PM2.5 as 24-hour recommendation values based on the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that current Chinese NAAQS for PM could be sufficient in mitigating the excess mortality risk from short-term exposure to ambient PM. However, future research on long-term exposure cohort studies in Chinese population is also essential in revising annual averages for PM in Chinese NAAQS.展开更多
Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Comm...Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.展开更多
The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Com...The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used t...[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,ex...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.展开更多
The study was designed to explore the potential applications of the real-time cell electronic analysis technology in the quality evaluation of natural medicines. The natural medicinal Flos Carthami was discussed as a ...The study was designed to explore the potential applications of the real-time cell electronic analysis technology in the quality evaluation of natural medicines. The natural medicinal Flos Carthami was discussed as a methodological example and the specific time/dose-dependent cell response profiles （TCRPs） were produced by the real-time cell electronic analysis technology. The similarity and bioactivity were obtained by analyzing all TCRPs. Meanwhile, an HPLC method according to the Chinese Pharmacopeia （edition 2010） was used to evaluate the quality of Flos Carthami. The correlation was obtained by comparing the results produced by the two different approaches. By analyzing the data, five different samples ofFlos Carthami can produce remarkably similar TCRPs. The quality ofFlos Carthami was evaluated by both the HPLC and the TCRPs analysis-based approaches and similar results were obtained. The results suggest that the same natural medicine from different locations could produce similar TCRPs. By analyzing the TCRPs, the bioactivity and quality evaluation of natural medicines can be obtained. This technology is a physiologically relevant approach for the quality evaluation of natural medicines. The ultimate aim of our study is to establish a new standard for quality evaluation.展开更多
基金National scientific and technological support projects (2006BAI06A01-04)The Science and Technology Development Projects of Tianjin (05SYSYGX25000)The Science and Technology Development Projects of Tianjin (07JCZDJC03500)
文摘This paper presentsan overview of the standardizationprocess for TraditionalChinese Medicine (TCM)Quality,and reports on the latestresearch projects.It also highlightsthe roles of quality andmodernization in this standardization.
基金Supported by Self-funded Research Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GXZYA20220142)Key R&D Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(Guike AB21196057).
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of Damp-clearing Mixture and establish the quality control indicators. [Methods] The extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was optimized by L 9(3 4) orthogonal design with the content of total flavonoids and the dry yield rate as the evaluation indicators, and the amount of water, extraction time and extraction times as the factors, to determine the formation process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture. In addition, the quality of the mixture was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Results] The optimal extraction process of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture was as follows: decocting twice, one hour each time, adding 8 times of water in the first time and 6 times of water in the second time, standing the extract in a cool place, adding 0.1% steviosin to facilitate the formation of the mixture;Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Dendrophenol in the mixture were well separated by TLC with good reproducibility and specificity. [Conclusions] The preparation process and quality control indicators determined by the experiment are reasonable and feasible. It can provide a reference for the pilot production and quality standards of Coicis Semen Damp-clearing Mixture.
基金Supported by the Project for the Development and Promotion of Appropriate Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangxi(GZSY2024017).
文摘[Objectives]This study aims to establish the quality standard of Fuzheng Wangan granules.[Methods]The qualitative identification of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba was carried out by the thin layer chromatography(TLC).The content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]The spots of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Paeoniae Alba were clear,and the negative control had no interference.The total content of ginsenoside Rg1,Re and Rb ranged from 0.0762 to 0.0739 mg/g.[Conclusions]The method for the quality control of Fuzheng Wangan granules established in this study is stable and feasible.
基金supported in part by the University of Jaén and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (PTA2015-11507-I MINECO)。
文摘This paper analyzed GPS data from the Topo-Iberia network spanning almost 12 years(2008-2020).The data quality information for all 26 Topo-Iberia stations is provided for the first time,complementing the Spanish Geological Survey’s storage work.Data analyses based on quality indicators obtained using TEQC have been carried out.The guidelines and data quality information from the IGS stations have been considered as the quality references,with the stations ALJI,EPCU,and TIOU standing out as the worst stations,while on the contrary,FUEN,PALM,PILA,and TRIA meet the quality requirements to become an IGS station.The relationship between the GPS data quality and their GAMIT-and Gipsy X-derived postfit ionosphere-free phase residuals has also been investigated,and the results reveal an inversely proportional relationship.It has been found that the stations showing an increase in elevation of the horizon line,also show an increase in cycle slips and multipath,are among the poorest quality stations,and among those with the highest postfit RMS of phase residuals.Moreover,the evolution of the vegetation around the antenna should be considered as it could cause a progressive loss of quality,which is not complying with the IGS standards.The quality assessment shows that the Topo-Iberia stations are appropriate for geodetic purposes,but permanent monitoring would be necessary to avoid the least possible loss of data and quality.In addition,a method to characterize the GNSS data quality is proposed.
基金Supported by Guangxi Key R&D Programme Project(GK AB21196057)National Old Pharmacist Inheritance Studio Construction Project.
文摘[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L_(9)(3^(4)) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.
基金Supported by The Self-financing Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZZC2020496)Wuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(201902214)Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Wuzhou(WZWS-Z2023036).
文摘[Objectives]Some Chinese medicinal materials of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were microscopically identified,and several active ingredients were studied by thin-layer identification,which provides reference for further improving the quality standards of hospital preparations.[Methods]The effective components of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste were qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The microscopic identification of the three Chinese medicinal materials in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste showed the microscopic characteristics of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali and Radix Notoginseng.TLC identification showed that there were characteristic spots of Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Notoginseng in Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste.[Conclusions]This study established the quality standard research method of Jianjin Zhuanggu Paste,which further strengthens the safety standards of hospital preparations,and improves the clinical efficacy of drugs,as well as the quality standards of hospital preparations to a certain extent.
文摘Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 mg/L), Na (28.72 mg/L), Ca (28.94 mg/L), Mg (17.50 mg/L), Cl (11.65 mg/L), TSS (6.27 mg/L), TDS (104.23 mg/L), BOD (2.83 mg/L) and F (0.87 mg/L) were below WHO standards irrespective of their defecation status. The values for electrical conductivity (EC) (2770.50 µs/cm, turbidity (481.24 NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.32 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (445.50 mg/L), K (125.06 mg/L), PO4 (0.78 mg/L) and Fe (0.57 mg/L) were above the WHO limits for safe water. Higher EC and COD values obtained in the study is evidence of pollution of the water sources by organic matter.
基金funded by the Party Building Research Project of Lanzhou University,“Research on Quality Evaluation Standards for Party Building Work in Universities in the New Era”[grant number LZUDJ–202309]
文摘This study explores the development of quality standards for leadership and organizational development in higher education to addresses the challenges posed by globalization and digitalization. By analyzing current situations and proposing a strategic framework, this study offers standard-based solutions for improving leadership quality and organizational performance in universities. The proposed quality standards align institutional goals with educational objectives, ensuring that higher education institutions are able to meet demands of modern education.
基金Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University,Key Technologies in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(Grant No.LT2012018)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in various diseases. In our study, we established a quality standard of Indigoplant according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and this standard has passed the early audit stages of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. The lndigoplant samples were identified with high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC）, qualified with RP-HPLC quantitation, and analyzed with a series of quality tests. An accurate, reliable and robust HPLC method with gradient elution for quantitation was developed and validated with a one-variable-at-a-time （OVAT） robustness approach. Several tests, including the loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of Indigoplant, were performed for quality analysis. Furthermore, six batches of the Indigoplant samples were appraised with this quality standard. In conclusion, the established quality standard was more internationally normative and applicable for the quality control of Indigoplant in practical application.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Program of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(P200246).
文摘[Objectives] To identify Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler.) Miers by microscope and ultraviolet spectrum. [Methods] The paraffin section, slide section and freehand section were used to make the cross section of the stem and leaf, and the surface of the leaf and the powder of the root, stem and leaf were made by the conventional method, which were observed under the optical microscope. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum identification was carried out according to a conventional method. [Results] The microscopic identification and ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics of P. venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers were described in detail. [Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a reference for the identification of P. venusta(KerGawler)Miers and the establishment of the related quality standard.
文摘The environmental impact of combustion gas emissions during the cremation process in the municipality of Tlalmanalco,State of Mexico,was investigated.A TESTO 340 combustion analyzer was used over nine days to evaluate 30 cremation services.The average emission values obtained were 84.03 g/h for NO_(2),7,050.9 g/h for SO_(2),and 46,194.4 g/h for CO.Using this data,the dispersion of these pollutants was analyzed with HYSPLIT software and compared with air quality standards.Results showed that the gases dispersed effectively in the air within 1 h,ensuring no risk to the population.However,CO emissions exceeded the limit set by the NADF-017-AIRE-2017 standard for fixed sources,while NO_(2)emissions remained below the permissible limit.
基金Program of Ligusticum Chuanxiong etc.100 kinds of Herbs Recommended International Quality Standards(Grant No.201307002)the Safety Testing Technology and Standard Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Major New Drug Projects(Grant No.2014ZX09304307)
文摘As a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dictamni Cortex is widely used for the treatment of rheumatism and skin diseases. To promote the internationalization of Dictarnni Cortex, we established a recommended quality standard of Dictamni Cortex according to the European Pharmacopoeia （EP） in the present study. Foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid were determined according to the procedures of EP 8.0. The thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification method was established by using obacunone and fraxinellone as the reference substances. The content of dictarnnine, obacunone and fraxinellone was assayed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）. Furthermore, we tested 21 batches of the prepared slices of Dictamni Cortex from different regions. The results indicated that the established quality standard was specific, accurate and internationalized, which could be used for the quality control of Dictamni Cortex.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFC0214800,2020YFC1806303 and 2016YFC0208100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution(No.2021YSKY-06)。
文摘Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management.Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards.To understand the history of the development of China’s ambient air quality standards,this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards,classification of functional areas,standard grading,pollutants,and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years.The results show that since the initial release of the“Ambient Air Quality Standard”by China in 1982,it has been supplemented once,revised twice,and modified twice.The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air.With the development of ambient air quality management,the number of pollutants has increased to ten.Since the release of the“Ambient Air Quality Standards”in 2012,the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved.However,the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low.At present,China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO2concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization(WHO)interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline(AQG).We further suggested that the SO2standard should be revised promptly.Simultaneously,regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. L150001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81773381)Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China Fund for National Environmental Criteria Management (No. 2110105)
文摘With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised national ambient air quality standards （NAAQS） for particulate matter （PM） in 2012 （GB3095-2012）. To assess the effectiveness of current NAAQS for PM on public health in Chinese population, we conducted a meta- analysis on published studies examining the mortality risk of short-term exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5μm （PM10 and PM2.5） in China. The reported 24-hour concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in studies ranged from 43.5 to 150.1 μg/m^3 and 37.5 to 176.7 μg/m^3. In the pooled excess, mortality risk estimates of short-term exposure to PM. In specific, per 10 μg/m^3 increase in PM10, we observed increases of 0.40% （95%CI： 0.33%, 0.47%）, 0.57% （95%CI： 0.44%, 0.70%） and 0.49% （95%CI： 0.40%, 0.58%） in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, per 10/μg/m^3 increase in PM2.5, we observed increases of 0.51% （95% CI： 0.38%, 0.63%）, 0.62% （95%CI： 0.52%, 0.73%） and 0.75% （95%CI： 0.54%, 0.95%） in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, we derived 125 μg/m^3 for PM10 and 62.5 μg/ m^3 for PM2.5 as 24-hour recommendation values based on the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that current Chinese NAAQS for PM could be sufficient in mitigating the excess mortality risk from short-term exposure to ambient PM. However, future research on long-term exposure cohort studies in Chinese population is also essential in revising annual averages for PM in Chinese NAAQS.
基金provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Subcontract Number OR13810-001.04 A10-0223-S001-A04)partly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (No. 2011A060901011)+1 种基金the funding of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (No. SCAPC201308)the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaborative Control System Design (No. XDB05030400) from Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.
基金Supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and First-class Discipline Construction Project of Jiangxi Province(JXSYLXK-ZHYAO009,JXSYLXK-ZHYAO010)。
文摘The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.
基金Supported by Project of Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau(ZKHT[2020]-18-4).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.
基金Supported by Self-financed Scientific Research Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GXZYZ20210290)The First Batch of High-level Talent Research Project of Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities in 2019(Y20196311)Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities in 2020(2020KY13034).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.
基金financially supported by a Cultivated Project from Nanjing university of Chinese medicine (No. 10XPY01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81202922)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, PAPD (No. 2011ZYX3-004)
文摘The study was designed to explore the potential applications of the real-time cell electronic analysis technology in the quality evaluation of natural medicines. The natural medicinal Flos Carthami was discussed as a methodological example and the specific time/dose-dependent cell response profiles （TCRPs） were produced by the real-time cell electronic analysis technology. The similarity and bioactivity were obtained by analyzing all TCRPs. Meanwhile, an HPLC method according to the Chinese Pharmacopeia （edition 2010） was used to evaluate the quality of Flos Carthami. The correlation was obtained by comparing the results produced by the two different approaches. By analyzing the data, five different samples ofFlos Carthami can produce remarkably similar TCRPs. The quality ofFlos Carthami was evaluated by both the HPLC and the TCRPs analysis-based approaches and similar results were obtained. The results suggest that the same natural medicine from different locations could produce similar TCRPs. By analyzing the TCRPs, the bioactivity and quality evaluation of natural medicines can be obtained. This technology is a physiologically relevant approach for the quality evaluation of natural medicines. The ultimate aim of our study is to establish a new standard for quality evaluation.
