The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation...The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.展开更多
Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-len...Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-length fields,and the accurate identification of field boundaries has a great impact on the subsequent analysis and final performance.Hence,this paper proposes a new protocol segmentation method based on Information-theoretic statistical analysis for binary protocols by formulating the field segmentation of unsupervised binary protocols as a probabilistic inference problem and modeling its uncertainty.Specifically,we design four related constructions between entropy changes and protocol field segmentation,introduce random variables,and construct joint probability distributions with traffic sample observations.Probabilistic inference is then performed to identify the possible protocol segmentation points.Extensive trials on nine common public and industrial control protocols show that the proposed method yields higher-quality protocol segmentation results.展开更多
“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of F...“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of FANETs,with high mobility,quick node migration,and frequent topology changes,presents substantial hurdles for routing protocol development.Over the preceding few years,researchers have found that machine learning gives productive solutions in routing while preserving the nature of FANET,which is topology change and high mobility.This paper reviews current research on routing protocols and Machine Learning(ML)approaches applied to FANETs,emphasizing developments between 2021 and 2023.The research uses the PRISMA approach to sift through the literature,filtering results from the SCOPUS database to find 82 relevant publications.The research study uses machine learning-based routing algorithms to beat the issues of high mobility,dynamic topologies,and intermittent connection in FANETs.When compared with conventional routing,it gives an energy-efficient and fast decision-making solution in a real-time environment,with greater fault tolerance capabilities.These protocols aim to increase routing efficiency,flexibility,and network stability using ML’s predictive and adaptive capabilities.This comprehensive review seeks to integrate existing information,offer novel integration approaches,and recommend future research topics for improving routing efficiency and flexibility in FANETs.Moreover,the study highlights emerging trends in ML integration,discusses challenges faced during the review,and discusses overcoming these hurdles in future research.展开更多
Accurate time synchronization is fundamental to the correct and efficient operation of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),especially in security-critical,time-sensitive applications.However,most existing protocols degrade...Accurate time synchronization is fundamental to the correct and efficient operation of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),especially in security-critical,time-sensitive applications.However,most existing protocols degrade substantially under malicious interference.We introduce iSTSP,an Intelligent and Secure Time Synchronization Protocol that implements a four-stage defense pipeline to ensure robust,precise synchronization even in hostile environments:(1)trust preprocessing that filters node participation using behavioral trust scoring;(2)anomaly isolation employing a lightweight autoencoder to detect and excise malicious nodes in real time;(3)reliability-weighted consensus that prioritizes high-trust nodes during time aggregation;and(4)convergence-optimized synchronization that dynamically adjusts parameters using theoretical stability bounds.We provide rigorous convergence analysis including a closed-form expression for convergence time,and validate the protocol through both simulations and realworld experiments on a controlled 16-node testbed.Under Sybil attacks with five malicious nodes within this testbed,iSTSP maintains synchronization error increases under 12%and achieves a rapid convergence.Compared to state-ofthe-art protocols like TPSN,SE-FTSP,and MMAR-CTS,iSTSP offers 60%faster detection,broader threat coverage,and more than 7 times lower synchronization error,with a modest 9.3%energy overhead over 8 h.We argue this is an acceptable trade-off for mission-critical deployments requiring guaranteed security.These findings demonstrate iSTSP’s potential as a reliable solution for secure WSN synchronization and motivate future work on large-scale IoT deployments and integration with energy-efficient communication protocols.展开更多
全球化与数字化推动跨境电商成为全球经济增长新动力,中国跨境电商行业备受关注。基于SCP范式,对中国跨境电商行业展开系统性研究,旨在为行业可持续发展提供理论和实践参考。研究发现,市场结构上,有集中度动态变化、多重壁垒及产品差异...全球化与数字化推动跨境电商成为全球经济增长新动力,中国跨境电商行业备受关注。基于SCP范式,对中国跨境电商行业展开系统性研究,旨在为行业可持续发展提供理论和实践参考。研究发现,市场结构上,有集中度动态变化、多重壁垒及产品差异化特征;市场行为表现出低价竞争趋势明显、广告创新形式多样、并购活动活跃以及物流联盟成为趋势等特点;从市场绩效来看,整体呈现利润水平差异显著和增长趋势分化的特点,综合绩效体现为产业生态持续优化和社会效益显著提升。为促进中国跨境电商行业的持续健康发展,企业应注重优化成本管理,积极探寻可持续发展的路径;行业协会应着力加强行业规范和专业化建设;政府相关部门可以在强化监管和促进合作方面发力。Globalization and digitalization have pushed cross-border e-commerce to become a driver of global economic growth. China’s cross-border e-commerce industry has attracted attention. Based on the SCP paradigm, this paper launches a systematic study of China’s cross-border e-commerce industry, aiming to provide theoretical and practical references for the industry’s sustainable development. The study finds that, for market structure, there are dynamic changes in concentration, multiple barriers and product differentiation. Market behaviors show a clear trend of low price competition, various forms of advertising innovation, active merger and acquisition activities, and logistics alliances have become a trend. For market performance, the overall market shows a significant difference in the level of profit and a divergence in the growth trend, and the comprehensive performance is reflected in the continuous optimization of the industrial ecology and the significant improvement of social benefits. The comprehensive performance reflects the continuous optimization of the industrial ecology and the significant enhancement of social benefits. In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of China’s cross-border e-commerce industry, enterprises should focus on optimizing cost management and actively explore the path of sustainable development. Industry associations should focus on strengthening the industry’s standardization and professionalization. Government departments can make efforts in strengthening supervision and promoting cooperation.展开更多
运用“市场结构–市场行为–市场绩效”(SCP)产业组织范式,从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效三个方面对中国造纸产业进行分析研究。结果表明:中国造纸产业市场集中度低,属于竞争型,在资金、环保、技术方面具有较高的进入壁垒。造纸产业...运用“市场结构–市场行为–市场绩效”(SCP)产业组织范式,从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效三个方面对中国造纸产业进行分析研究。结果表明:中国造纸产业市场集中度低,属于竞争型,在资金、环保、技术方面具有较高的进入壁垒。造纸产业通过企业兼并重组和林纸一体化战略优化产业结构。造纸企业一方面采取优化原料结构、调整能源结构等措施应对市场风险,另一方面通过技术进步提高经济效益。建议造纸产业加快产业结构调整,实施数字化转型,从而优化业务流程,减少碳排放和提升管理效率。Using Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm, this study analyzes and researches the Chinese paper industry from three aspects: market structure, market behavior, and market performance. The results indicate that the market concentration of China’s paper industry is low and belongs to the competitive type, with high barriers to entry in terms of capital, environmental protection, and technology. The paper industry optimizes its industrial structure through corporate mergers and acquisitions and forest paper integration strategies. On the one hand, papermaking enterprises adopt measures such as optimizing raw material structure and adjusting energy structure to cope with market risks, and on the other hand, improve economic efficiency through technological progress. It is suggested that the paper industry accelerate industrial restructuring, implement digital transformation, optimize business processes, reduce carbon emissions, and improve management efficiency.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this ...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this approach from the perspective of gut microbiota.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind(patients and assessors),placebo-controlled trial will enroll 80 patients with PSD,and include a 1-week run-in period,a 4-week treatment phase,and a 12-week follow-up.Eligible participants will randomly be assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupoint application or placebo(non-acupoint)groups.Treatments will be administered thrice weekly for 4 weeks.The primary outcome is change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)score.Secondary outcomes include the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36),Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living,Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale(SASS),and gut microbiota profiling.All outcomes will be assessed at baseline(prior to treatment),during treatment(weeks 2 and 4),and during follow-up(weeks 8,12,and 16).The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)will be used for evaluation throughout the 4-week treatment phase.Discussion:The results of this study will provide important evidence supporting a novel treatment strategy for PSD that targets gastrointestinal regulation,potentially informing future clinical practice.展开更多
Focusing on the ultralow expansion functionality of the crystalized glass containing the cordierite crystal phase with the molar composition 20.7MgO·20.7Al_(2)O_(3)·51.6SiO_(2)·7.0TiO_(2),we systematica...Focusing on the ultralow expansion functionality of the crystalized glass containing the cordierite crystal phase with the molar composition 20.7MgO·20.7Al_(2)O_(3)·51.6SiO_(2)·7.0TiO_(2),we systematically investigated impacts of thermal treatment protocols on T dependence of coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE).Except for the phase compositions,morphology is identified as another important factor to control the T dependence of CTE.By using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope,various modes of T dependence of CTE for crystallized glasses are ascribed to their different phase compositions and microstructure with finely dispersed nanoparticles.These understanding contributes to the further modification of CTE of the crystalized glass by altering their thermal treatment scenarios.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century.In this scenario,nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes ...BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century.In this scenario,nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nursing interventions are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.AIM To analyse nursing interventions in recent years through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to propose improvements in care plans.METHODS This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of nursing interventions on quantitative glycaemic variables,such as glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose.RESULTS After confirming that the combined effect of all studies from the past 5 years positively impacts quantitative variables,a descriptive analysis of the studies with the most significant changes was conducted.Based on this,an improvement in diabetic patient care protocols has been proposed through follow-up plans tailored to the patient’s technological skills.CONCLUSION The combined results obtained and the proposal for improvement developed in this manuscript could help to improve the quality of life of many people around the world.展开更多
文摘The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.
文摘Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-length fields,and the accurate identification of field boundaries has a great impact on the subsequent analysis and final performance.Hence,this paper proposes a new protocol segmentation method based on Information-theoretic statistical analysis for binary protocols by formulating the field segmentation of unsupervised binary protocols as a probabilistic inference problem and modeling its uncertainty.Specifically,we design four related constructions between entropy changes and protocol field segmentation,introduce random variables,and construct joint probability distributions with traffic sample observations.Probabilistic inference is then performed to identify the possible protocol segmentation points.Extensive trials on nine common public and industrial control protocols show that the proposed method yields higher-quality protocol segmentation results.
基金support the findings of this study are openly available in(Scopus database)at www.scopus.com(accessed on 07 January 2025).
文摘“Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs)”,which use“Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)”,are developing as a critical mechanism for numerous applications,such as military operations and civilian services.The dynamic nature of FANETs,with high mobility,quick node migration,and frequent topology changes,presents substantial hurdles for routing protocol development.Over the preceding few years,researchers have found that machine learning gives productive solutions in routing while preserving the nature of FANET,which is topology change and high mobility.This paper reviews current research on routing protocols and Machine Learning(ML)approaches applied to FANETs,emphasizing developments between 2021 and 2023.The research uses the PRISMA approach to sift through the literature,filtering results from the SCOPUS database to find 82 relevant publications.The research study uses machine learning-based routing algorithms to beat the issues of high mobility,dynamic topologies,and intermittent connection in FANETs.When compared with conventional routing,it gives an energy-efficient and fast decision-making solution in a real-time environment,with greater fault tolerance capabilities.These protocols aim to increase routing efficiency,flexibility,and network stability using ML’s predictive and adaptive capabilities.This comprehensive review seeks to integrate existing information,offer novel integration approaches,and recommend future research topics for improving routing efficiency and flexibility in FANETs.Moreover,the study highlights emerging trends in ML integration,discusses challenges faced during the review,and discusses overcoming these hurdles in future research.
基金this project under Geran Putra Inisiatif(GPI)with reference of GP-GPI/2023/976210。
文摘Accurate time synchronization is fundamental to the correct and efficient operation of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),especially in security-critical,time-sensitive applications.However,most existing protocols degrade substantially under malicious interference.We introduce iSTSP,an Intelligent and Secure Time Synchronization Protocol that implements a four-stage defense pipeline to ensure robust,precise synchronization even in hostile environments:(1)trust preprocessing that filters node participation using behavioral trust scoring;(2)anomaly isolation employing a lightweight autoencoder to detect and excise malicious nodes in real time;(3)reliability-weighted consensus that prioritizes high-trust nodes during time aggregation;and(4)convergence-optimized synchronization that dynamically adjusts parameters using theoretical stability bounds.We provide rigorous convergence analysis including a closed-form expression for convergence time,and validate the protocol through both simulations and realworld experiments on a controlled 16-node testbed.Under Sybil attacks with five malicious nodes within this testbed,iSTSP maintains synchronization error increases under 12%and achieves a rapid convergence.Compared to state-ofthe-art protocols like TPSN,SE-FTSP,and MMAR-CTS,iSTSP offers 60%faster detection,broader threat coverage,and more than 7 times lower synchronization error,with a modest 9.3%energy overhead over 8 h.We argue this is an acceptable trade-off for mission-critical deployments requiring guaranteed security.These findings demonstrate iSTSP’s potential as a reliable solution for secure WSN synchronization and motivate future work on large-scale IoT deployments and integration with energy-efficient communication protocols.
文摘全球化与数字化推动跨境电商成为全球经济增长新动力,中国跨境电商行业备受关注。基于SCP范式,对中国跨境电商行业展开系统性研究,旨在为行业可持续发展提供理论和实践参考。研究发现,市场结构上,有集中度动态变化、多重壁垒及产品差异化特征;市场行为表现出低价竞争趋势明显、广告创新形式多样、并购活动活跃以及物流联盟成为趋势等特点;从市场绩效来看,整体呈现利润水平差异显著和增长趋势分化的特点,综合绩效体现为产业生态持续优化和社会效益显著提升。为促进中国跨境电商行业的持续健康发展,企业应注重优化成本管理,积极探寻可持续发展的路径;行业协会应着力加强行业规范和专业化建设;政府相关部门可以在强化监管和促进合作方面发力。Globalization and digitalization have pushed cross-border e-commerce to become a driver of global economic growth. China’s cross-border e-commerce industry has attracted attention. Based on the SCP paradigm, this paper launches a systematic study of China’s cross-border e-commerce industry, aiming to provide theoretical and practical references for the industry’s sustainable development. The study finds that, for market structure, there are dynamic changes in concentration, multiple barriers and product differentiation. Market behaviors show a clear trend of low price competition, various forms of advertising innovation, active merger and acquisition activities, and logistics alliances have become a trend. For market performance, the overall market shows a significant difference in the level of profit and a divergence in the growth trend, and the comprehensive performance is reflected in the continuous optimization of the industrial ecology and the significant improvement of social benefits. The comprehensive performance reflects the continuous optimization of the industrial ecology and the significant enhancement of social benefits. In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of China’s cross-border e-commerce industry, enterprises should focus on optimizing cost management and actively explore the path of sustainable development. Industry associations should focus on strengthening the industry’s standardization and professionalization. Government departments can make efforts in strengthening supervision and promoting cooperation.
文摘运用“市场结构–市场行为–市场绩效”(SCP)产业组织范式,从市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效三个方面对中国造纸产业进行分析研究。结果表明:中国造纸产业市场集中度低,属于竞争型,在资金、环保、技术方面具有较高的进入壁垒。造纸产业通过企业兼并重组和林纸一体化战略优化产业结构。造纸企业一方面采取优化原料结构、调整能源结构等措施应对市场风险,另一方面通过技术进步提高经济效益。建议造纸产业加快产业结构调整,实施数字化转型,从而优化业务流程,减少碳排放和提升管理效率。Using Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm, this study analyzes and researches the Chinese paper industry from three aspects: market structure, market behavior, and market performance. The results indicate that the market concentration of China’s paper industry is low and belongs to the competitive type, with high barriers to entry in terms of capital, environmental protection, and technology. The paper industry optimizes its industrial structure through corporate mergers and acquisitions and forest paper integration strategies. On the one hand, papermaking enterprises adopt measures such as optimizing raw material structure and adjusting energy structure to cope with market risks, and on the other hand, improve economic efficiency through technological progress. It is suggested that the paper industry accelerate industrial restructuring, implement digital transformation, optimize business processes, reduce carbon emissions, and improve management efficiency.
基金supported by the Chinese Medicine Development Fund,Hong Kong SAR,China(23B2/027A_R1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81704198).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this approach from the perspective of gut microbiota.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind(patients and assessors),placebo-controlled trial will enroll 80 patients with PSD,and include a 1-week run-in period,a 4-week treatment phase,and a 12-week follow-up.Eligible participants will randomly be assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupoint application or placebo(non-acupoint)groups.Treatments will be administered thrice weekly for 4 weeks.The primary outcome is change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)score.Secondary outcomes include the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36),Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living,Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale(SASS),and gut microbiota profiling.All outcomes will be assessed at baseline(prior to treatment),during treatment(weeks 2 and 4),and during follow-up(weeks 8,12,and 16).The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)will be used for evaluation throughout the 4-week treatment phase.Discussion:The results of this study will provide important evidence supporting a novel treatment strategy for PSD that targets gastrointestinal regulation,potentially informing future clinical practice.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172007)Jiangsu Science and Technology Innovation Project for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(No.BE2022035)。
文摘Focusing on the ultralow expansion functionality of the crystalized glass containing the cordierite crystal phase with the molar composition 20.7MgO·20.7Al_(2)O_(3)·51.6SiO_(2)·7.0TiO_(2),we systematically investigated impacts of thermal treatment protocols on T dependence of coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE).Except for the phase compositions,morphology is identified as another important factor to control the T dependence of CTE.By using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope,various modes of T dependence of CTE for crystallized glasses are ascribed to their different phase compositions and microstructure with finely dispersed nanoparticles.These understanding contributes to the further modification of CTE of the crystalized glass by altering their thermal treatment scenarios.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century.In this scenario,nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nursing interventions are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.AIM To analyse nursing interventions in recent years through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to propose improvements in care plans.METHODS This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of nursing interventions on quantitative glycaemic variables,such as glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose.RESULTS After confirming that the combined effect of all studies from the past 5 years positively impacts quantitative variables,a descriptive analysis of the studies with the most significant changes was conducted.Based on this,an improvement in diabetic patient care protocols has been proposed through follow-up plans tailored to the patient’s technological skills.CONCLUSION The combined results obtained and the proposal for improvement developed in this manuscript could help to improve the quality of life of many people around the world.
