With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity a...With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.展开更多
Subject Code:A05 A progress review article on the dark matter direct detection experiments,authored by Prof.Liu Jianglai(刘江来),Dr.Chen Xun(谌勋)and Prof.Ji Xiangdong(季向东,corresponding author)from the Shanghai Jia...Subject Code:A05 A progress review article on the dark matter direct detection experiments,authored by Prof.Liu Jianglai(刘江来),Dr.Chen Xun(谌勋)and Prof.Ji Xiangdong(季向东,corresponding author)from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University,was published online in Nature Physics(2017,13:212—216)recently.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To determine the risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke, and to prevent onset and make a prognosis of disease, the present study systemically evaluated 19 cohort studies and 10 case-controlled studie...OBJECTIVE： To determine the risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke, and to prevent onset and make a prognosis of disease, the present study systemically evaluated 19 cohort studies and 10 case-controlled studies of progressive ischemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY： A computer-based, online, literature search of PubMed （1966/2007）, China Biological Medicine Database （CBM-disc, 1979/2007） and CNKI （www.cnki.net, 1979/2007） was performed to screen for related studies. DATA SELECTION： Cohort or case-controlled studies that focused on risk factors of progressive ischemic stroke were selected for review. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT： Risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke. RESULTS： Using the inclusion criteria, 29/781 studies published in English and Chinese were initially reviewed, including 19 cohort studies and 10 case-control studies. Despite variations in determination of progressive ischemic stroke and the intervals between 2 evaluations, all studies described the diagnostic criteria for progressive ischemic stroke. Logistic analysis was employed in 20 of the studies. Meta-analysis of primary data in the related studies determined that the following factors that significantly correlated with progressive ischemic stroke： fever [risk ratio （RR） = 2.26, 95% confidence interval （CO： 1.20-4.26, P = 0.01; odds ratio （OR） = 2.85, 95% CI： 1.64-4.98, P 〈 0.01 ）]; diabetes （RR = 1.38, 95% CI： 1.18-1.61, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 2.48, 95% Ch 1.93-3.19, P 〈 0.01 ）; coronary heart disease （RR = 1.22, 95% CI： 1.08-1.38, P 〈 0.01）; neuroimaging transformation （RR= 1.55, 95%CI： 1.34-1.80, P〈 0.01; OR= 2.29, 95% CI： 1.47-3.58, P〈 0.01）; and hyperglycemia （RR = 2.62, 95% CI： 1.86-3.68, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 3.49, 95% CI： 1.92-6.35, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Fever, diabetes, coronary heart disease, neuroimaging transformation, and hyperglycemia are important risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke. Interventions for these risk factors could effectively prevent occurrence of progressive ischemic stroke.展开更多
In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earthquake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The st...In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earthquake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The strong desire of the whole society to mitigate seismic disasters and reduce the effect of earthquakes on social-economic live is a great driving force to push forward the development of earthquake science and technology in China; (2) To better ensure people’s life and property, sustainable economic development, and social stability is an essential purpose to drive the development of earthquake science and technology in China; and (3) To insist on the dialectical connection of setup of technical system for seismic monitoring with the scientific research of earthquakes and to better handle the relation between crucial task, current scientific level, and the feasibility are the important principles to advance the earthquake science and technology in China. Some success and many setbacks in earthquake disaster mitigation consistently enrich our knowledge regarding the complexity of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and the process of earthquake preparation, promote the reconstruction and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring, and deepen the scientific research of earthquakes. During the last 5 years, the improvement and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring have clearly provided the technical support to study and practice of earthquake prediction and precaution, give prominence to key problems and broaden the field of scientific research of earthquakes. These have enabled us to get some new recognition of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and process of earthquake preparation, characteristics of seismic disaster, and mechanism for earthquake generation in China’s continent. The progress we have made not only encourages us to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation, but also provides a basis for accelerating further development of earthquake science and technology in China in the new century, especially in the 10th five-year plan. Based on the history reviewed, the author sets forth a general requirement for development of earthquake science and technology in China and brings out 10 aspects to be stressed and strengthened at present and in the future. These are: upgrade and setup of the network of digitized seismic observation ; upgrade and setup of the network for observation of seismic precursors; setup of the network for observation of strong motion; setup of the laboratories for experiment on seismic regime; establishment of technical system for seismic information, emergency command and urgent rescue; research on short-term and imminent earthquake prediction; research on intermediate- and long-term earthquake prediction; research on attenuation of seismic ground motion, mechanism for seismic disaster, and control on seismic disaster; basic research fields related to seismology and geoscience. We expect that these efforts will significantly elevate the level of earthquake science and technology in China to the advanced international level, improve theories, techniques, and methods for earthquake precaution and prediction, and enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation.展开更多
China has some of the most abundant wetland resources in the world. Cold region wetlands cover more than 60% of the total natural wetlands in China and play an indispensable role in global climate regulation, water ho...China has some of the most abundant wetland resources in the world. Cold region wetlands cover more than 60% of the total natural wetlands in China and play an indispensable role in global climate regulation, water holding, uptake and emission of greenhouse gases, and biodiversity conservation. Because cold region wetlands are sensitive to climatic and environmental changes, it is important for ecological conservation and environmental management to summarize and analyze current research progress on these specific ecosystems. This paper reviews the focus of present studies on the typical cold region wetlands in the northeast region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China from several aspects as follows： types and distribution, responses of permafrost to climatic changes, uptake and emission of greenhouse gas, eco-hydrological processes, and vegetation succession. Our conclusions are： global wanning has a long-term and serious impact on cold region permafrost; emission of greenhouse gases has great temporal and spatial heterogeneity; and hygrophytes in the cold region wetlands have been generally replaced by xerophytes, although it is still unclear whether the vegetation diversity index has increased or decreased. Based on this review, some key topics for future study are recommended as follows： （1） the response of degeneration of cold region permafrost at various spatial and temporal scales; （2） prediction of wetland degeneration tendency by coupling weather, soil, and hydrological models; （3） evaluation of carbon storage; （4） the actual response mechanisms of greenhouse gases to climatic changes; and （5） development of water requirement calculation methods tailored to the unique ecosystems of cold region wetlands.展开更多
The global geoparks network was reviewed in terms of its establishment background,management,progress and so on to gain an outlook on its future in this paper.It can be concluded that the network will have more evenly...The global geoparks network was reviewed in terms of its establishment background,management,progress and so on to gain an outlook on its future in this paper.It can be concluded that the network will have more evenly and extensively-distributed members throughout the world,more thorough and comprehensive cooperation between its members,more展开更多
股骨头坏死(Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head,ONFH)是一种常见的由多种原因引起股骨头供血受损、局部骨质细胞变性坏死,最终导致股骨头进行性塌陷,髋关节疼痛并发关节活动受限的骨科疾病,该病致残率较高,发病人数逐年增长,并且其发...股骨头坏死(Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head,ONFH)是一种常见的由多种原因引起股骨头供血受损、局部骨质细胞变性坏死,最终导致股骨头进行性塌陷,髋关节疼痛并发关节活动受限的骨科疾病,该病致残率较高,发病人数逐年增长,并且其发病机制复杂,涉及多方面的生物学过程,在全球骨科领域内尚缺突出治疗措施。究其病因,大多为股骨颈骨折后股骨头供血血管损伤、长期不当使用糖皮质激素以及酗酒等。目前,针对ONFH的治疗以早期的保髋手术结合口服药物和病变晚期的股骨头置换为主。然而,现有的治疗方式所需治疗费用高、手术后感染以及口服药物不良反应较大等问题突出。随着国家对中医药事业的大力支持,学术界对中医药治疗ONFH的研究愈发热切,探究出了众多介导ONFH的信号通路与靶点因子,并对ONFH发生的机制进行了进一步的研究,为中医药辨证论治ONFH提供了重要参考依据。中医药治疗ONFH坚持从整体出发,注重个体化差异,以辨证论治理论为指导,治疗效果较确切,治疗途径更加安全,治疗费用较为低廉,符合当代医疗卫生事业发展的趋向。本研究查阅现有国内外相关资料,对中医药辨证论治ONFH的研究进展进行总结、整理与综述,以期更好地指导临床实践,为后续中医药辨证论治ONFH提供思路与方向。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271271)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0104500)+1 种基金“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2022C03023)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ17E090003)。
文摘With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.
文摘Subject Code:A05 A progress review article on the dark matter direct detection experiments,authored by Prof.Liu Jianglai(刘江来),Dr.Chen Xun(谌勋)and Prof.Ji Xiangdong(季向东,corresponding author)from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University,was published online in Nature Physics(2017,13:212—216)recently.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Projects of Henan Province Science and Technology Department, No. 102102310124Special Fund for Medical Science and Technology Innovation Talents of Henan Province
文摘OBJECTIVE： To determine the risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke, and to prevent onset and make a prognosis of disease, the present study systemically evaluated 19 cohort studies and 10 case-controlled studies of progressive ischemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY： A computer-based, online, literature search of PubMed （1966/2007）, China Biological Medicine Database （CBM-disc, 1979/2007） and CNKI （www.cnki.net, 1979/2007） was performed to screen for related studies. DATA SELECTION： Cohort or case-controlled studies that focused on risk factors of progressive ischemic stroke were selected for review. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT： Risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke. RESULTS： Using the inclusion criteria, 29/781 studies published in English and Chinese were initially reviewed, including 19 cohort studies and 10 case-control studies. Despite variations in determination of progressive ischemic stroke and the intervals between 2 evaluations, all studies described the diagnostic criteria for progressive ischemic stroke. Logistic analysis was employed in 20 of the studies. Meta-analysis of primary data in the related studies determined that the following factors that significantly correlated with progressive ischemic stroke： fever [risk ratio （RR） = 2.26, 95% confidence interval （CO： 1.20-4.26, P = 0.01; odds ratio （OR） = 2.85, 95% CI： 1.64-4.98, P 〈 0.01 ）]; diabetes （RR = 1.38, 95% CI： 1.18-1.61, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 2.48, 95% Ch 1.93-3.19, P 〈 0.01 ）; coronary heart disease （RR = 1.22, 95% CI： 1.08-1.38, P 〈 0.01）; neuroimaging transformation （RR= 1.55, 95%CI： 1.34-1.80, P〈 0.01; OR= 2.29, 95% CI： 1.47-3.58, P〈 0.01）; and hyperglycemia （RR = 2.62, 95% CI： 1.86-3.68, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 3.49, 95% CI： 1.92-6.35, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Fever, diabetes, coronary heart disease, neuroimaging transformation, and hyperglycemia are important risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke. Interventions for these risk factors could effectively prevent occurrence of progressive ischemic stroke.
文摘In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earthquake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The strong desire of the whole society to mitigate seismic disasters and reduce the effect of earthquakes on social-economic live is a great driving force to push forward the development of earthquake science and technology in China; (2) To better ensure people’s life and property, sustainable economic development, and social stability is an essential purpose to drive the development of earthquake science and technology in China; and (3) To insist on the dialectical connection of setup of technical system for seismic monitoring with the scientific research of earthquakes and to better handle the relation between crucial task, current scientific level, and the feasibility are the important principles to advance the earthquake science and technology in China. Some success and many setbacks in earthquake disaster mitigation consistently enrich our knowledge regarding the complexity of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and the process of earthquake preparation, promote the reconstruction and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring, and deepen the scientific research of earthquakes. During the last 5 years, the improvement and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring have clearly provided the technical support to study and practice of earthquake prediction and precaution, give prominence to key problems and broaden the field of scientific research of earthquakes. These have enabled us to get some new recognition of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and process of earthquake preparation, characteristics of seismic disaster, and mechanism for earthquake generation in China’s continent. The progress we have made not only encourages us to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation, but also provides a basis for accelerating further development of earthquake science and technology in China in the new century, especially in the 10th five-year plan. Based on the history reviewed, the author sets forth a general requirement for development of earthquake science and technology in China and brings out 10 aspects to be stressed and strengthened at present and in the future. These are: upgrade and setup of the network of digitized seismic observation ; upgrade and setup of the network for observation of seismic precursors; setup of the network for observation of strong motion; setup of the laboratories for experiment on seismic regime; establishment of technical system for seismic information, emergency command and urgent rescue; research on short-term and imminent earthquake prediction; research on intermediate- and long-term earthquake prediction; research on attenuation of seismic ground motion, mechanism for seismic disaster, and control on seismic disaster; basic research fields related to seismology and geoscience. We expect that these efforts will significantly elevate the level of earthquake science and technology in China to the advanced international level, improve theories, techniques, and methods for earthquake precaution and prediction, and enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program (No.2007BAC18B01)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT0809)
文摘China has some of the most abundant wetland resources in the world. Cold region wetlands cover more than 60% of the total natural wetlands in China and play an indispensable role in global climate regulation, water holding, uptake and emission of greenhouse gases, and biodiversity conservation. Because cold region wetlands are sensitive to climatic and environmental changes, it is important for ecological conservation and environmental management to summarize and analyze current research progress on these specific ecosystems. This paper reviews the focus of present studies on the typical cold region wetlands in the northeast region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China from several aspects as follows： types and distribution, responses of permafrost to climatic changes, uptake and emission of greenhouse gas, eco-hydrological processes, and vegetation succession. Our conclusions are： global wanning has a long-term and serious impact on cold region permafrost; emission of greenhouse gases has great temporal and spatial heterogeneity; and hygrophytes in the cold region wetlands have been generally replaced by xerophytes, although it is still unclear whether the vegetation diversity index has increased or decreased. Based on this review, some key topics for future study are recommended as follows： （1） the response of degeneration of cold region permafrost at various spatial and temporal scales; （2） prediction of wetland degeneration tendency by coupling weather, soil, and hydrological models; （3） evaluation of carbon storage; （4） the actual response mechanisms of greenhouse gases to climatic changes; and （5） development of water requirement calculation methods tailored to the unique ecosystems of cold region wetlands.
文摘The global geoparks network was reviewed in terms of its establishment background,management,progress and so on to gain an outlook on its future in this paper.It can be concluded that the network will have more evenly and extensively-distributed members throughout the world,more thorough and comprehensive cooperation between its members,more
文摘股骨头坏死(Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head,ONFH)是一种常见的由多种原因引起股骨头供血受损、局部骨质细胞变性坏死,最终导致股骨头进行性塌陷,髋关节疼痛并发关节活动受限的骨科疾病,该病致残率较高,发病人数逐年增长,并且其发病机制复杂,涉及多方面的生物学过程,在全球骨科领域内尚缺突出治疗措施。究其病因,大多为股骨颈骨折后股骨头供血血管损伤、长期不当使用糖皮质激素以及酗酒等。目前,针对ONFH的治疗以早期的保髋手术结合口服药物和病变晚期的股骨头置换为主。然而,现有的治疗方式所需治疗费用高、手术后感染以及口服药物不良反应较大等问题突出。随着国家对中医药事业的大力支持,学术界对中医药治疗ONFH的研究愈发热切,探究出了众多介导ONFH的信号通路与靶点因子,并对ONFH发生的机制进行了进一步的研究,为中医药辨证论治ONFH提供了重要参考依据。中医药治疗ONFH坚持从整体出发,注重个体化差异,以辨证论治理论为指导,治疗效果较确切,治疗途径更加安全,治疗费用较为低廉,符合当代医疗卫生事业发展的趋向。本研究查阅现有国内外相关资料,对中医药辨证论治ONFH的研究进展进行总结、整理与综述,以期更好地指导临床实践,为后续中医药辨证论治ONFH提供思路与方向。
