Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiot...Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.展开更多
Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes ...Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.展开更多
Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended form...Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately li...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.展开更多
AIM:To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition(EN) for diarrhea,fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).METHODS:MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Academic Search Premier,a...AIM:To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition(EN) for diarrhea,fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).METHODS:MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Academic Search Premier,and Web of Science databases were searched for human experimental and observational cohort studies conducted between January 1990 and June 2014.The keywords used for the literature search were fiber,prebiotics and enteral nutrition.English language studies with adult patient populations on exclusive EN were selected.Abstracts and/or full texts of selected studies were reviewed and agreed upon by two independent researchers for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Tools used for the quality assessment were Jadad Scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature.RESULTS:A total of 456 possible articles were retrieved,and 430 were excluded due to lack of appropriate data.Of the 26 remaining studies,only eight investigated the effects of prebiotics.Results of the meta-analysis indicated that overall,fiber reduces diarrhea in patients receiving EN(OR = 0.47;95%CI:0.29-0.77;P = 0.02).Subgroup analysis revealed a positive effect of fiber supplementation in EN towards diarrhea in stable patients(OR = 0.31;95%CI:0.19-0.51;P < 0.01),but not in critically ill patients(OR = 0.89;95%CI:0.41-1.92;P = 0.77).Prebiotic supplementation in EN does not improve the incidence of diarrhea despite its manipulative effect on bifidobacteria concentrations and SCFA in healthy humans.In addition,the effect of fiber and/or prebiotic supplementation towards fecal microbiota and SCFA remain disputable.CONCLUSION:Fiber helps minimize diarrhea in patients receiving EN,particularly in non-critically ill patients.However,the effect of prebiotics in moderating diarrhea is inconclusive.展开更多
The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A...The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefi ts conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A signifi cant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.展开更多
It has been presumed that aberrant immune response to intestinal microorganisms in genetically predisposed individuals may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease, and there is a good d...It has been presumed that aberrant immune response to intestinal microorganisms in genetically predisposed individuals may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease, and there is a good deal of evidence supporting this hypothesis. Commensal enteric bacteria probably play a central role in pathogenesis, providing continuous antigenic stimulation that causes chronic intestinal injury. A strong biologic rationale supports the use of probiotics and prebiotics for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Many probiotic strains exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through their effects on different immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion depression, and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is very strong evidence supporting the use of multispecies probiotic VSL#3 for the prevention or recurrence of postoperative pouchitis in patients. For treatment of active ulcerative colitis, as well as for maintenance therapy, the clinical evidence of efficacy is strongest for VSL#3 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Moreover, some prebiotics, such as germinated barley foodstuff, Psyllium or oligofructose-enriched inulin, might provide some benefit in patients with active ulcerative colitis or ulcerative colitis in remission. The results of clinical trials in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease or the maintenance of its remission with probiotics and prebiotics are disappointing and do not support their use in this disease. The only exception is weak evidence of advantageous use of Saccharomyces boulardii concomitantly with medical therapy in maintenance treatment.展开更多
AIM: To compare the benefi cial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who req...AIM: To compare the benefi cial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who required stoppage of oral feeding for 48 h, were randomly assigned to nasojejunal EN with or without prebiotics. APACHE Ⅱ score, Balthazar’s CT score and CRP were assessed daily during the study period.RESULTS: The median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the study group [10 ± 4 (8-14) d vs 15 ± 6 (7-26) d] (P < 0.05). The median value of days in intensive care unit was also similar in both groups [6 ± 2 (5-8) d vs 6 ± 2 (5-7) d]. The median duration of EN was 8 ± 4 (6-12) d vs 10 ± 4 (6-13) d in the study and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Deaths occurred in 6 patients (20%), 2 in the study group and 4 in the control group. The mean duration of APACHE Ⅱ normalization (APACHE Ⅱ score < 8) was shorter in the study group than in the control group (4 ± 2 d vs 6.5 ± 3 d, P < 0.05). The mean duration of CRP normalization was also shorter in the study group than in the control group (7 ± 2 d vs 10 ± 3 d, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and t...Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.展开更多
BACKGROUND Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its etiology is multifactorial.Growing evidence suggests that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of constipation.Prebio...BACKGROUND Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its etiology is multifactorial.Growing evidence suggests that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of constipation.Prebiotics are subjected to bacterial fermentation in the gut to produce short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),which can help relieve constipation symptoms.The prebiotic UG1601 consists of inulin,lactitol,and aloe vera gel,which are known laxatives,but randomized,controlled clinical trials that examine the effects of this supplement on gut microbiota composition are lacking.AIM To assess the efficacy of the prebiotic UG1601 in suppressing constipation-related adverse events in subjects with mild constipation.METHODS Adults with a stool frequency of less than thrice a week were randomized to receive either prebiotics or a placebo supplement for 4 wk.All participants provided their fecal and blood samples at baseline and at the end of intervention.Gastrointestinal symptoms and stool frequency were evaluated.The concentrations of serum endotoxemia markers and fecal SCFAs were determined.The relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the gut microbial community in the responders and non-responders in the prebiotics supplementation group were evaluated.RESULTS There were no significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between groups,although the prebiotic group showed greater symptom improvement.However,after prebiotic usage,serum cluster of differentiation(CD)14 and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)concentrations were significantly decreased(CD14,P=0.012;LPS,P<0.001).The change in LPS concentration was significantly larger in the prebiotic group than in the placebo group(P<0.001).Fecal SCFAs concentrations did not differ between groups,while the relative abundance of Roseburia hominis,a major butyrate producer,was significantly increased in the prebiotic group(P=0.045).The abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and the family Lachnospiraceae(phylum Firmicutes,class Clostridia)(P=0.009)were decreased in the responders within the prebiotic group.In addition,the proportions of the phylum Firmicutes,the class Clostridia,and the order Clostridiales were inversely correlated with several fecal SCFAs(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Alterations in gut microbiota composition,including a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria,following prebiotic UG1601 supplementation might help alleviate symptom scores and endotoxemia.展开更多
文摘Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.
基金Supported by the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanan Incentive Grant from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa,No.145943.
文摘Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.
基金funded by the Chinese Nutrition Society and PepsiCo Inc.
文摘Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
基金Jiangsu College of Nursing 2023 Special Fund for Research and Development of Medical-Educational Integration。
文摘A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.
基金The University of Malaya Research Grant(No.PG127-2013A,No.UMRP022A-14HTM and No.UMRG 388-11HTM)
文摘AIM:To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition(EN) for diarrhea,fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).METHODS:MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Academic Search Premier,and Web of Science databases were searched for human experimental and observational cohort studies conducted between January 1990 and June 2014.The keywords used for the literature search were fiber,prebiotics and enteral nutrition.English language studies with adult patient populations on exclusive EN were selected.Abstracts and/or full texts of selected studies were reviewed and agreed upon by two independent researchers for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Tools used for the quality assessment were Jadad Scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature.RESULTS:A total of 456 possible articles were retrieved,and 430 were excluded due to lack of appropriate data.Of the 26 remaining studies,only eight investigated the effects of prebiotics.Results of the meta-analysis indicated that overall,fiber reduces diarrhea in patients receiving EN(OR = 0.47;95%CI:0.29-0.77;P = 0.02).Subgroup analysis revealed a positive effect of fiber supplementation in EN towards diarrhea in stable patients(OR = 0.31;95%CI:0.19-0.51;P < 0.01),but not in critically ill patients(OR = 0.89;95%CI:0.41-1.92;P = 0.77).Prebiotic supplementation in EN does not improve the incidence of diarrhea despite its manipulative effect on bifidobacteria concentrations and SCFA in healthy humans.In addition,the effect of fiber and/or prebiotic supplementation towards fecal microbiota and SCFA remain disputable.CONCLUSION:Fiber helps minimize diarrhea in patients receiving EN,particularly in non-critically ill patients.However,the effect of prebiotics in moderating diarrhea is inconclusive.
文摘The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefi ts conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A signifi cant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.
文摘It has been presumed that aberrant immune response to intestinal microorganisms in genetically predisposed individuals may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease, and there is a good deal of evidence supporting this hypothesis. Commensal enteric bacteria probably play a central role in pathogenesis, providing continuous antigenic stimulation that causes chronic intestinal injury. A strong biologic rationale supports the use of probiotics and prebiotics for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Many probiotic strains exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through their effects on different immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion depression, and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is very strong evidence supporting the use of multispecies probiotic VSL#3 for the prevention or recurrence of postoperative pouchitis in patients. For treatment of active ulcerative colitis, as well as for maintenance therapy, the clinical evidence of efficacy is strongest for VSL#3 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Moreover, some prebiotics, such as germinated barley foodstuff, Psyllium or oligofructose-enriched inulin, might provide some benefit in patients with active ulcerative colitis or ulcerative colitis in remission. The results of clinical trials in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease or the maintenance of its remission with probiotics and prebiotics are disappointing and do not support their use in this disease. The only exception is weak evidence of advantageous use of Saccharomyces boulardii concomitantly with medical therapy in maintenance treatment.
文摘AIM: To compare the benefi cial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who required stoppage of oral feeding for 48 h, were randomly assigned to nasojejunal EN with or without prebiotics. APACHE Ⅱ score, Balthazar’s CT score and CRP were assessed daily during the study period.RESULTS: The median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the study group [10 ± 4 (8-14) d vs 15 ± 6 (7-26) d] (P < 0.05). The median value of days in intensive care unit was also similar in both groups [6 ± 2 (5-8) d vs 6 ± 2 (5-7) d]. The median duration of EN was 8 ± 4 (6-12) d vs 10 ± 4 (6-13) d in the study and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Deaths occurred in 6 patients (20%), 2 in the study group and 4 in the control group. The mean duration of APACHE Ⅱ normalization (APACHE Ⅱ score < 8) was shorter in the study group than in the control group (4 ± 2 d vs 6.5 ± 3 d, P < 0.05). The mean duration of CRP normalization was also shorter in the study group than in the control group (7 ± 2 d vs 10 ± 3 d, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.
基金Supported by The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School
文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.
基金Supported by the Unigen,Inc.the Mid-Career Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2015R1A2A2A01004607the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.NRF-2016R1A6A3A11934151
文摘BACKGROUND Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and its etiology is multifactorial.Growing evidence suggests that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of constipation.Prebiotics are subjected to bacterial fermentation in the gut to produce short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),which can help relieve constipation symptoms.The prebiotic UG1601 consists of inulin,lactitol,and aloe vera gel,which are known laxatives,but randomized,controlled clinical trials that examine the effects of this supplement on gut microbiota composition are lacking.AIM To assess the efficacy of the prebiotic UG1601 in suppressing constipation-related adverse events in subjects with mild constipation.METHODS Adults with a stool frequency of less than thrice a week were randomized to receive either prebiotics or a placebo supplement for 4 wk.All participants provided their fecal and blood samples at baseline and at the end of intervention.Gastrointestinal symptoms and stool frequency were evaluated.The concentrations of serum endotoxemia markers and fecal SCFAs were determined.The relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the gut microbial community in the responders and non-responders in the prebiotics supplementation group were evaluated.RESULTS There were no significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between groups,although the prebiotic group showed greater symptom improvement.However,after prebiotic usage,serum cluster of differentiation(CD)14 and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)concentrations were significantly decreased(CD14,P=0.012;LPS,P<0.001).The change in LPS concentration was significantly larger in the prebiotic group than in the placebo group(P<0.001).Fecal SCFAs concentrations did not differ between groups,while the relative abundance of Roseburia hominis,a major butyrate producer,was significantly increased in the prebiotic group(P=0.045).The abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and the family Lachnospiraceae(phylum Firmicutes,class Clostridia)(P=0.009)were decreased in the responders within the prebiotic group.In addition,the proportions of the phylum Firmicutes,the class Clostridia,and the order Clostridiales were inversely correlated with several fecal SCFAs(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Alterations in gut microbiota composition,including a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria,following prebiotic UG1601 supplementation might help alleviate symptom scores and endotoxemia.
