Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the...Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a po...A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a poly(3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane)(PMMS)backbone via thiol-ene click chemistry.The influence of side chain composition on the self-assembly behavior and phase structures of these SCLC copolymers was systematically investigated using different instrument.Results indicate that three distinct liquid crystalline phases and four unique molecular configurations were identified within the polymer series,with the emergence of the liquid crystalline phase being a synergistic outcome of the two distinct side chains.This study underscores the critical influence of side chain dimensions,rigidity,and spatial volume on the self-assembly structures and phase characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers,providing valuable insights for the rational design and development of advanced functional materials with tailored properties.展开更多
This research paper presents a black hole solution with a rational nonlinear electrodynamics source within the Rastall gravity framework.The paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties of the solution in normal phase ...This research paper presents a black hole solution with a rational nonlinear electrodynamics source within the Rastall gravity framework.The paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties of the solution in normal phase space and explores its critical behavior.The phase structure is examined using the extended first law of thermodynamics,with the cosmological constantΛserving as pressure P.The isotherms exhibit van der Waals behavior at small values of horizon r_(+).The paper also investigates the Gibbs free energy behavior and finds two critical points with two pressures where the re-entrant phase transition occurs and disappears.We also explore the prevalent microstructure of black holes in Ruppeiner geometry,uncovering significant deviations in the nature of particle interactions from conventional practice.Moreover,the thermodynamic geometry is analyzed using the Ruppeiner formalism,with the normalized Ricci scalar indicating possible point-phase transitions of the heat capacity,and the normalized extrinsic curvature having the same sign as the normalized Ricci scalar.The three-phase transitions of the heat capacity are those that we find for the normalized Ruppeiner curvatures.Thus,there is an absolute correspondence.展开更多
La0.7Ce0.3Ni3.75Mn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75-xFex （x=0-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by induction melting and subsequent annealing treatment, and phase structure and electrochemical characteristics were inves...La0.7Ce0.3Ni3.75Mn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75-xFex （x=0-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by induction melting and subsequent annealing treatment, and phase structure and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. All alloys consist of a single LaNi5 phase with CaCu5 structure, and the lattice constant a and the cell volume （V） of the LaNi5 phase increase with increasing x value. The maximum discharge capacity gradually decreases from 319.0 mA？h/g （x=0） to 291.9 mA？h/g （x=0.20） with the increase in x value. The high-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g decreases monotonically from 53.1% （x=0） to 44.2% （x=0.20）. The cycling stability increases with increasing x from 0 to 0.20, which is mainly ascribed to the improvement of the pulverization resistance.展开更多
To improve the electrochemical properties of rare-earth-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys, the effects of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and thermodynamic properties of the alloys were stud...To improve the electrochemical properties of rare-earth-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys, the effects of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and thermodynamic properties of the alloys were studied. Nonsubstituted Ml0.80Mg0.20（Ni2.90Co0.50-Mn0.30Al0.30）x （x=0.68, 0.70, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76） alloys and Cu-substituted Ml0.80Mg0.20（Ni2.90Co0.50-yCuyMn0.30Al0.30）0.70 （y=0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50） alloys were prepared by induction melting. Phase structure analysis shows that the nonsubstituted alloys consist of a LaNi5 phase, a LaNi3 phase, and a minor La2Ni7 phase;in addition, in the case of Cu-substitution, the Nd2Ni7 phase appears and the LaNi3 phase vanishes. Ther-modynamic tests show that the enthalpy change in the dehydriding process decreases, indicating that hydride stability decreases with in-creasing stoichiometry and increasing Cu content. The maximum discharge capacity, kinetic properties, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes all increase and then decrease with increasing stoichiometry or increasing Cu content. Furthermore, Cu substitution for Co ame-liorates the discharge capacity, kinetics, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes.展开更多
The effects of the partial replacement of Co with Mo on the phase structure and electrochemical kinetic properties of La0.35Ce0.65Ni3.54Co0.80-xMn0.35Al0.32Mox （x=0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25） hydrogen storage alloy...The effects of the partial replacement of Co with Mo on the phase structure and electrochemical kinetic properties of La0.35Ce0.65Ni3.54Co0.80-xMn0.35Al0.32Mox （x=0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25） hydrogen storage alloys prepared by arc-melting method were sys-tematically studied in this paper. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） showed that after partial substitution of Mo for Co, the alloys remained a single LaNi5 phase with a hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. The P-C isotherms indicated that the equilibrium pressure gradually decreased with in-creasing of Mo content. Electrochemical studies showed that the substitution of Mo for Co could greatly increase discharge capacity, improve activation ability and reduce self-discharge of alloy electrodes. The alloy with x=0.25 exhibited a higher rate dischargeability （HRD1200= 50.9%）. Moreover, Mo is a vital element in favor of kinetic properties of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys. As Mo content increased, the ex-change current density I0, the hydrogen diffusion rate gradually increased.展开更多
REMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 （RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd） alloys were prepared by induction melting and following annealing. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results showed that the alloys were ...REMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 （RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd） alloys were prepared by induction melting and following annealing. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results showed that the alloys were composed of Mg2Ni, （La, Pr, Nd）MgzNi, （La, Ce）2MgxT, （Ce, Pr, Nd）Mg12 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The above phases were disproportioned into Mg2NiH4, MgH2 and REHx （x=2.5 1 or 3） phases in hydriding. CEH2.51 phase transformed into CEH2.29 phase in dehydriding, whereas LaH3, PrH3 and NdH3 phases re- mained unchanged. The PrMg8.41Ni2.14Al0.20 alloy had the fastest hydriding kinetics and the highest dehydriding plateau pressure while the CeMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 alloy presented the best hydriding/dehydriding reversibility. The onset hydrogen desorption tempera- ture of the CeMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 hydride decreased remarkably owing to the phase transformation between the Cell2.51 and the CEH2.29.展开更多
Phase structure and electrochemical properties of laser sintered La2MgNi9 alloys were studied. The sintered alloys contained a main phase, LaNi5, and a ternary La-Mg-Ni phase, with a PuNi3 structure and a small amount...Phase structure and electrochemical properties of laser sintered La2MgNi9 alloys were studied. The sintered alloys contained a main phase, LaNi5, and a ternary La-Mg-Ni phase, with a PuNi3 structure and a small amount of LaMgNi4. The ternary La-Mg-Ni phase with a PuNi3 structure had the composition of La1.8Mg1.2Ni9 and La2MgNi9, for alloys laser sintered at 1000 and 1400 W, respectively. Owing to further reactions between LaNi5 and LaMgNi4, the amount of the PuNi3 phase increased for alloys sintered at 1400 W. Both alloys had good activation property （three charge/discharge cycles）. The discharge capacities of the sintered alloys were 321.8 and 344.8 mAh/g, respectively. Compared with the alloy laser sintered at 1000 W, the poor cyclic stability of the alloy sintered at 1400 W was mainly attributed to the lower corrosion resistance of the La2MgNi9 phase.展开更多
Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating in the negative glow space and LPH effect were explored.The whole coating/substrate system is substrate→physically gas-absorbed Fe surface→oxygen-enriched TaOx layer→amorphou...Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating in the negative glow space and LPH effect were explored.The whole coating/substrate system is substrate→physically gas-absorbed Fe surface→oxygen-enriched TaOx layer→amorphous Ta→αandβdual phase→singleαphase.After LPH course,micro structure of Ta coating shows intact,only a few cracks emerge after 100 laser pulses,exhibiting thin HAZ but thick Fe/Ta ICZ,without martensitic transformation.For the electrodeposited Cr coating,continuous thermal stresses produce many extra micro-crack,substrate oxidation and martensitic transformation,leading to crack propagations and final bulk delamination,without any ICZ.展开更多
The phase structure of ZK60-1Er magnesium alloy thermally compressed at the temperature of 450℃ and the strain rate of 1×10 -4 s -1 was determined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution elec...The phase structure of ZK60-1Er magnesium alloy thermally compressed at the temperature of 450℃ and the strain rate of 1×10 -4 s -1 was determined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution electron microscopy(HREM).The results show that this magnesium alloy contains many new W phases(Mg3Zn3Er2,FCC structure)in the matrix.Those new W phases have two morphologies,either irregularly rectangular or rod morphology·Lattice constants of the two new W phases are slightly higher than those of W Phase(Mg3Zn3Y2)containing rare earth element of yttrium.展开更多
Nd2Zr2O7 is being explored as an alternate thermal barrier coating （TBC） material for operating above 1300 ℃, and great effort has been made to enlarge its thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） and improve its toug...Nd2Zr2O7 is being explored as an alternate thermal barrier coating （TBC） material for operating above 1300 ℃, and great effort has been made to enlarge its thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） and improve its toughness. In this study, Sc203 vvas doped to Nd2Zr2O7. The phase structure, TECs and toughness of （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 （x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 ） compounds were investigated. （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 （x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0,075） exhibited pyrochlore structure, while （Nd0.9Sc0.1）2Zr2O7 consisted of pyrochlore and fluorite phases. With the increase of the Sc203 content, the ordering degree of the pyrochlore in the compounds decreased. In （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 series, （Nd0.925Sc0.075）2Zr2O7 exhibited the largest TEC, while the toughness of the compounds increased with increasing the Sc2O3 content. The related mechanisms were discussed based on the crystal structure analysis. Considering the TEC and toughness, 10 mol% Sc2O3 was sug- gested as the optimal doping content for Nd2Zr2O7 ceramic.展开更多
The phase composition, phase transition and phase structure transformation of the wire-cut section of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated by XRD phase analysis. It is...The phase composition, phase transition and phase structure transformation of the wire-cut section of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated by XRD phase analysis. It is shown that the composition of η phase in the core zone is Co_3W_3C (M_6 C type). The structure of cobalt based solid solution binder phase is fcc type. At the cooling stage of the sintering process, the phase transition of η phase, i.e. M_6C→M_12C and the martensitic phase transition of the cobalt based solid solution binder phase, i.e. fcc→hcp are suppressed, which facilitates the strengthening of the alloy. Because the instantaneous temperature of the discharge channel is as high as 10 000 ℃ during the wire cutting process, the processed surface is oxidized. Nevertheless, the oxide layer thickness is in micro grade. In the oxide film, η phase is decomposed into W_2C and CoO, and cobalt based solid solution binder is selectively oxidized, while WC remains stable due to the existence of carbon containing liquid organic cutting medium.展开更多
The effect of rare earth （RE） on bainite trans- formation mechanism is not yet unified in the academia. Therefore, further studying the effect of RE on bainite transformation mechanism will have important guiding si...The effect of rare earth （RE） on bainite trans- formation mechanism is not yet unified in the academia. Therefore, further studying the effect of RE on bainite transformation mechanism will have important guiding significance for the development of bainite steels. In this paper, using differential dilatometer （DIL805A/D）, heat treatment was performed and C-curve was drawn. The effect of phase structure factor on bainite transformation under two different fractions of RE in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels was investigated by the empirical electron theory （EET） of solids, molecules, dilatometry, and metallogra- phy. Experimental results show that RE makes Fe-C- RE segregation structural unit of Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels increase, i.e., the values of phase structure factor （na, FDC） increase, and delay bainite transformation due to the drag effect resulting from the segregation of RE ferrite island interphase and the retardation of RE to carbon diffusion in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels. Beside this, C-curve is shifted to right and down, and microstructures of bainite ferrite and substructures are finer.展开更多
La（Mg1-xAlx） （x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8） alloys have been prepared using induction melting followed by annealing. It is found that partial substitution of Mg by Al does not lead to a change in crystal structure, and th...La（Mg1-xAlx） （x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8） alloys have been prepared using induction melting followed by annealing. It is found that partial substitution of Mg by Al does not lead to a change in crystal structure, and the alloys have a single LaMg phase when x 〈 0.4. The lattice parameter of the LaMg phase decreases obviously after the partial substitution of Mg by Al. However, further substitution of Mg by Al leads to the coexistence of multiple phases when x ≥ 0.6. The alloys consist of the LaMg, LaAl, LaAl2, and La5Al4 phases. The LaMg phase decreases, whereas the La5Al4 phase increases with the increase in x. The Al-substituted La（Mgo.6Al0.4） alloy can be hydrogenated into the tetragonal LaH3, cubic LaH3, MgH2, and LaPd under 5 MPa at 473 K for 5 d.展开更多
Blends of PC and PPSQ (A) with high M-w and good ladderlike regularity or PPSQ(B) with low M-w and more defective Si-atoms in its structure have been prepared by solution casting. The dispersed spheres (PPSQ(A)-rich) ...Blends of PC and PPSQ (A) with high M-w and good ladderlike regularity or PPSQ(B) with low M-w and more defective Si-atoms in its structure have been prepared by solution casting. The dispersed spheres (PPSQ(A)-rich) are unevenly dispersed in the continuous PC-rich phase and there is no phase-inversion as PPSQ(A) content increases when the percentage of PPSQ(A) is not more than 70%. PPSQ(B)-rich spheres are evenly dispersed in the continuous phase (PC-rich) and phase-inversion occurs when PPSQ(B) percentage is up to 70%. T-g of PPSQ(A)/PC or PPSQ(B)/PC at some compositions are lower than that of pure PC due to the enlarged free-volume of PC-rich phase because some spheres of rigid PPSQ chains are included in the PC-rich phase. PC and PPSQ(A) or PPSQ(B) are partially compatible. The compatibility of PC and PPSQ(B) is better than that of PC and PPSQ(A) with high M-w and good ladderlike regularity. Heat history has some influence on the T(g)s and compatibility of PPSQ(A)/PC and PPSQ(B)/PC blends.展开更多
In order to study the sintering characteristics of Ca-rich iron ore,chemical analysis,laser diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,XRD-Rietveld method,and micro-sintering were used to analyze the mineralogical prope...In order to study the sintering characteristics of Ca-rich iron ore,chemical analysis,laser diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,XRD-Rietveld method,and micro-sintering were used to analyze the mineralogical properties and sintering pot tests were used to study the sintering behavior.In addition,a grey correlation mathematical model was used to calculate and compare the comprehensive sintering performance under different calcium-rich iron ore contents.The results demonstrate that the Ca-rich iron ore has coarse grain size and strong self-fusing characteristics with Ca element in the form of calcite(CaCO_(3)) and the liquid phase produced by the self-fusing of the calcium-rich iron ore is well crystallized.Its application with a 20wt%content in sintering improves sinter productivity,reduces fuel consumption,enhances reduction index,and improves gas permeability in blast furnace by 0.45 t/(m^(2)·h),6.11 kg/t,6.17%,and 65.39 kPa·℃,respectively.The Ca-rich iron ore sintering can improve the calorific value of sintering flue gas compared with magnetite sintering,which is conducive to recovering heat for secondary use.As the content of the Ca-rich iron ore increases,sinter agglomeration shifts from localized liquid-phase bonding to a combination of localized liquid-phase bonding and iron oxide crystal connection.Based on an examination of the greater weight value of productivity with grey correlation analysis,the Ca-rich iron ore is beneficial for the comprehensive index of sintering in the range of 0-20wt%content.Therefore,it may be used in sintering with magnetite concentrates as the major ore species.展开更多
Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3 alloy has high chemical activity and favorable plateaus pressure. Mg2Ni is in favor of high hydrogen storage capacity and low weight, but it is difficult to be activated. In order to ...Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3 alloy has high chemical activity and favorable plateaus pressure. Mg2Ni is in favor of high hydrogen storage capacity and low weight, but it is difficult to be activated. In order to improve the capacity and cycle performances of hydrogen-storage alloy electrodes, Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3-x%Mg2Ni(x=0, 5, 10, 30) composite hydrogen storage alloys prepared by two-step re-melting were investigated in this work. The influences of Mg2Ni content on the cycle stabilities were analyzed by electrochemical methods. It was observed by XRD that the main phase of all the alloys is LaNi5 and the crystal lattice parameters of LaNi5 are changed with the increasing of x value, i.e, a-axis and unit cell volume decrease and c-axis decreases nonlinearly. The c-axis of alloy with x=5 is larger than the others. With the increasing of x value, capacity retentions of the composite hydrogen storage alloys rise from 66.21% while x=0 to 82.04% while x=10, but the capacity retention of the composite alloy with 30% Mg2Ni declines because of its decreasing axial ratio. More over, the composite alloy with 5% Mg2Ni shows the best cycle stability and higher discharge capacity, and it is an appropriate candidate for battery materials.展开更多
Fascinating with high specific capacity and moderate lithiation potential,SnO_(x)-based materials have been intensively investigated as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries.However,due to poor cy...Fascinating with high specific capacity and moderate lithiation potential,SnO_(x)-based materials have been intensively investigated as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries.However,due to poor cycling stability,sluggish reaction kinetics,and limited electrochemical reaction reversibility,the development of SnO_(x)-based anodes has been hindered.And the current preparation and modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes lack direct and specific illustration.Herein,modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes have been emphasized.Firstly,to provide more direct instructions,the tuning routes of morphological structure for SnO_(x)-based electrodes(including slurry-based and self-supported)have been thoroughly discussed from the preparation perspective.Secondly,according to the properties of SnO_(x)-based anodes,the phase structure design ideas have also been properly classified and organized for addressing chemical reaction kinetics or thermodynamic issues.Finally,for future-oriented studies,new insights into the development and commercialization prospects of SnO_(x)-based anodes are also provided.This review,with comprehensive information on SnO_(x)-based anodes,aims to bring more specific guidance and valuable inspiration for peer researchers who are promoting the application of SnO_(x)-based materials for energy conversion and storage devices.展开更多
The steady-state fluorescence method has been tentatively used to determine the phase structures of microemulsion systems consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), octane (n-C8H18), an...The steady-state fluorescence method has been tentatively used to determine the phase structures of microemulsion systems consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), octane (n-C8H18), and water. The excimer/monomer intensity ratio (I-e/I-m) of pyrene has demonstrated that the various structures in the microemulsion phase region can be distinguished. The results are consistent with electrical conductivity data already reported.展开更多
Phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Co-free La0.7Ce0.3（Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15（Fe0.43B0.57）0.10）x （0.90≤x≤1.10） alloys were investigated. When x was 0.90, the alloy was composed of LaNi5, L...Phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Co-free La0.7Ce0.3（Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15（Fe0.43B0.57）0.10）x （0.90≤x≤1.10） alloys were investigated. When x was 0.90, the alloy was composed of LaNi5, La3Ni13B2 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The Ce2Ni7 phase disappeared, and the abundant of La3Ni13B2 phase decreased when x increased to 0.95. When x was 1.00 or higher the alloys consisted of LaNi5 phase. The lattice parameter a and the cell volume V of the LaNi5 phase decreased, and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase increased with x value increasing. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes first increased and then decreased with x value increasing from 0.90 to 1.10, and the highest value was obtained when x was 1.00. High-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g increased from 50.7% （x= 0.90） to 64.1% （x=1.10）. Both the charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the hydrogen diffusion in the alloy were responsible for the high-rate dischargeability. Cycling capacity retention rate at 100^th cycle （$10o） gradually increased from 77.3% （x= 0.90） to 84.6% （x= 1.10）, which resulted from the increase in Ni content and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase with x value increasing.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402215)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085QB036)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department(Grant Nos.2022AH050334,2022AH030046,2023AH051119)the Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology for Talent Introduction(DT2200001211)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52263033 and 52202081)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2021M690954)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR10RA105)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ30152)the graduate research funding project of Northwest Normal University(No.2023KYZZ-S157)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20232BAB204030)。
文摘A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a poly(3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane)(PMMS)backbone via thiol-ene click chemistry.The influence of side chain composition on the self-assembly behavior and phase structures of these SCLC copolymers was systematically investigated using different instrument.Results indicate that three distinct liquid crystalline phases and four unique molecular configurations were identified within the polymer series,with the emergence of the liquid crystalline phase being a synergistic outcome of the two distinct side chains.This study underscores the critical influence of side chain dimensions,rigidity,and spatial volume on the self-assembly structures and phase characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers,providing valuable insights for the rational design and development of advanced functional materials with tailored properties.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan,Grant AP14870191.
文摘This research paper presents a black hole solution with a rational nonlinear electrodynamics source within the Rastall gravity framework.The paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties of the solution in normal phase space and explores its critical behavior.The phase structure is examined using the extended first law of thermodynamics,with the cosmological constantΛserving as pressure P.The isotherms exhibit van der Waals behavior at small values of horizon r_(+).The paper also investigates the Gibbs free energy behavior and finds two critical points with two pressures where the re-entrant phase transition occurs and disappears.We also explore the prevalent microstructure of black holes in Ruppeiner geometry,uncovering significant deviations in the nature of particle interactions from conventional practice.Moreover,the thermodynamic geometry is analyzed using the Ruppeiner formalism,with the normalized Ricci scalar indicating possible point-phase transitions of the heat capacity,and the normalized extrinsic curvature having the same sign as the normalized Ricci scalar.The three-phase transitions of the heat capacity are those that we find for the normalized Ruppeiner curvatures.Thus,there is an absolute correspondence.
基金Project (51001043) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (NCET2011) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China+4 种基金Project (201104390) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Special FoundationProject (20100470990) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject (2012IRTSTHN007) supported by Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province, ChinaProject (2011J1003) supported by Baotou Science and Technology Project, ChinaProject (B2010-13) supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University, China
文摘La0.7Ce0.3Ni3.75Mn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75-xFex （x=0-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by induction melting and subsequent annealing treatment, and phase structure and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. All alloys consist of a single LaNi5 phase with CaCu5 structure, and the lattice constant a and the cell volume （V） of the LaNi5 phase increase with increasing x value. The maximum discharge capacity gradually decreases from 319.0 mA？h/g （x=0） to 291.9 mA？h/g （x=0.20） with the increase in x value. The high-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g decreases monotonically from 53.1% （x=0） to 44.2% （x=0.20）. The cycling stability increases with increasing x from 0 to 0.20, which is mainly ascribed to the improvement of the pulverization resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21303157 and 21106123)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2012203104)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(2013M541201)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20131333120008)
文摘To improve the electrochemical properties of rare-earth-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys, the effects of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and thermodynamic properties of the alloys were studied. Nonsubstituted Ml0.80Mg0.20（Ni2.90Co0.50-Mn0.30Al0.30）x （x=0.68, 0.70, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76） alloys and Cu-substituted Ml0.80Mg0.20（Ni2.90Co0.50-yCuyMn0.30Al0.30）0.70 （y=0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50） alloys were prepared by induction melting. Phase structure analysis shows that the nonsubstituted alloys consist of a LaNi5 phase, a LaNi3 phase, and a minor La2Ni7 phase;in addition, in the case of Cu-substitution, the Nd2Ni7 phase appears and the LaNi3 phase vanishes. Ther-modynamic tests show that the enthalpy change in the dehydriding process decreases, indicating that hydride stability decreases with in-creasing stoichiometry and increasing Cu content. The maximum discharge capacity, kinetic properties, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes all increase and then decrease with increasing stoichiometry or increasing Cu content. Furthermore, Cu substitution for Co ame-liorates the discharge capacity, kinetics, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20673093)
文摘The effects of the partial replacement of Co with Mo on the phase structure and electrochemical kinetic properties of La0.35Ce0.65Ni3.54Co0.80-xMn0.35Al0.32Mox （x=0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25） hydrogen storage alloys prepared by arc-melting method were sys-tematically studied in this paper. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） showed that after partial substitution of Mo for Co, the alloys remained a single LaNi5 phase with a hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. The P-C isotherms indicated that the equilibrium pressure gradually decreased with in-creasing of Mo content. Electrochemical studies showed that the substitution of Mo for Co could greatly increase discharge capacity, improve activation ability and reduce self-discharge of alloy electrodes. The alloy with x=0.25 exhibited a higher rate dischargeability （HRD1200= 50.9%）. Moreover, Mo is a vital element in favor of kinetic properties of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys. As Mo content increased, the ex-change current density I0, the hydrogen diffusion rate gradually increased.
基金Foundation item： Project supported by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China （2007AA05Z 117）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （50971112, 51171165）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （20100470990） and Natural Science Founda- tion of Hebei Province （E2010001170）
文摘REMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 （RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd） alloys were prepared by induction melting and following annealing. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） results showed that the alloys were composed of Mg2Ni, （La, Pr, Nd）MgzNi, （La, Ce）2MgxT, （Ce, Pr, Nd）Mg12 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The above phases were disproportioned into Mg2NiH4, MgH2 and REHx （x=2.5 1 or 3） phases in hydriding. CEH2.51 phase transformed into CEH2.29 phase in dehydriding, whereas LaH3, PrH3 and NdH3 phases re- mained unchanged. The PrMg8.41Ni2.14Al0.20 alloy had the fastest hydriding kinetics and the highest dehydriding plateau pressure while the CeMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 alloy presented the best hydriding/dehydriding reversibility. The onset hydrogen desorption tempera- ture of the CeMg8.35Ni2.18Al0.21 hydride decreased remarkably owing to the phase transformation between the Cell2.51 and the CEH2.29.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (070414159)the Science Research Foundation for the Candidates of Academic Leaders of Anhui Proince
文摘Phase structure and electrochemical properties of laser sintered La2MgNi9 alloys were studied. The sintered alloys contained a main phase, LaNi5, and a ternary La-Mg-Ni phase, with a PuNi3 structure and a small amount of LaMgNi4. The ternary La-Mg-Ni phase with a PuNi3 structure had the composition of La1.8Mg1.2Ni9 and La2MgNi9, for alloys laser sintered at 1000 and 1400 W, respectively. Owing to further reactions between LaNi5 and LaMgNi4, the amount of the PuNi3 phase increased for alloys sintered at 1400 W. Both alloys had good activation property （three charge/discharge cycles）. The discharge capacities of the sintered alloys were 321.8 and 344.8 mAh/g, respectively. Compared with the alloy laser sintered at 1000 W, the poor cyclic stability of the alloy sintered at 1400 W was mainly attributed to the lower corrosion resistance of the La2MgNi9 phase.
基金financial support of the project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701223)。
文摘Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating in the negative glow space and LPH effect were explored.The whole coating/substrate system is substrate→physically gas-absorbed Fe surface→oxygen-enriched TaOx layer→amorphous Ta→αandβdual phase→singleαphase.After LPH course,micro structure of Ta coating shows intact,only a few cracks emerge after 100 laser pulses,exhibiting thin HAZ but thick Fe/Ta ICZ,without martensitic transformation.For the electrodeposited Cr coating,continuous thermal stresses produce many extra micro-crack,substrate oxidation and martensitic transformation,leading to crack propagations and final bulk delamination,without any ICZ.
基金Project(2008329)supported by Liaoning Provincial Education Ministry,ChinaProject supported by the Key Laboratory of Material Processing & Control of Liaoning Province,China
文摘The phase structure of ZK60-1Er magnesium alloy thermally compressed at the temperature of 450℃ and the strain rate of 1×10 -4 s -1 was determined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution electron microscopy(HREM).The results show that this magnesium alloy contains many new W phases(Mg3Zn3Er2,FCC structure)in the matrix.Those new W phases have two morphologies,either irregularly rectangular or rod morphology·Lattice constants of the two new W phases are slightly higher than those of W Phase(Mg3Zn3Y2)containing rare earth element of yttrium.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51501127 and 51375332)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20120032110031)
文摘Nd2Zr2O7 is being explored as an alternate thermal barrier coating （TBC） material for operating above 1300 ℃, and great effort has been made to enlarge its thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） and improve its toughness. In this study, Sc203 vvas doped to Nd2Zr2O7. The phase structure, TECs and toughness of （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 （x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 ） compounds were investigated. （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 （x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0,075） exhibited pyrochlore structure, while （Nd0.9Sc0.1）2Zr2O7 consisted of pyrochlore and fluorite phases. With the increase of the Sc203 content, the ordering degree of the pyrochlore in the compounds decreased. In （Nd1-xScx）2Zr2O7 series, （Nd0.925Sc0.075）2Zr2O7 exhibited the largest TEC, while the toughness of the compounds increased with increasing the Sc2O3 content. The related mechanisms were discussed based on the crystal structure analysis. Considering the TEC and toughness, 10 mol% Sc2O3 was sug- gested as the optimal doping content for Nd2Zr2O7 ceramic.
基金Projects(50323008, 50574104) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (04JJ3084) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘The phase composition, phase transition and phase structure transformation of the wire-cut section of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated by XRD phase analysis. It is shown that the composition of η phase in the core zone is Co_3W_3C (M_6 C type). The structure of cobalt based solid solution binder phase is fcc type. At the cooling stage of the sintering process, the phase transition of η phase, i.e. M_6C→M_12C and the martensitic phase transition of the cobalt based solid solution binder phase, i.e. fcc→hcp are suppressed, which facilitates the strengthening of the alloy. Because the instantaneous temperature of the discharge channel is as high as 10 000 ℃ during the wire cutting process, the processed surface is oxidized. Nevertheless, the oxide layer thickness is in micro grade. In the oxide film, η phase is decomposed into W_2C and CoO, and cobalt based solid solution binder is selectively oxidized, while WC remains stable due to the existence of carbon containing liquid organic cutting medium.
基金financially supported by the Technology Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.04C26215200858)
文摘The effect of rare earth （RE） on bainite trans- formation mechanism is not yet unified in the academia. Therefore, further studying the effect of RE on bainite transformation mechanism will have important guiding significance for the development of bainite steels. In this paper, using differential dilatometer （DIL805A/D）, heat treatment was performed and C-curve was drawn. The effect of phase structure factor on bainite transformation under two different fractions of RE in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels was investigated by the empirical electron theory （EET） of solids, molecules, dilatometry, and metallogra- phy. Experimental results show that RE makes Fe-C- RE segregation structural unit of Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels increase, i.e., the values of phase structure factor （na, FDC） increase, and delay bainite transformation due to the drag effect resulting from the segregation of RE ferrite island interphase and the retardation of RE to carbon diffusion in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels. Beside this, C-curve is shifted to right and down, and microstructures of bainite ferrite and substructures are finer.
基金This work is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (No. 050440602) the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 205070) and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Candidates of Aca-demic Leaders, Education Department of Anhui Province, China (No. 2005hbz08).
文摘La（Mg1-xAlx） （x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8） alloys have been prepared using induction melting followed by annealing. It is found that partial substitution of Mg by Al does not lead to a change in crystal structure, and the alloys have a single LaMg phase when x 〈 0.4. The lattice parameter of the LaMg phase decreases obviously after the partial substitution of Mg by Al. However, further substitution of Mg by Al leads to the coexistence of multiple phases when x ≥ 0.6. The alloys consist of the LaMg, LaAl, LaAl2, and La5Al4 phases. The LaMg phase decreases, whereas the La5Al4 phase increases with the increase in x. The Al-substituted La（Mgo.6Al0.4） alloy can be hydrogenated into the tetragonal LaH3, cubic LaH3, MgH2, and LaPd under 5 MPa at 473 K for 5 d.
基金This work was supported by Fund of Head of College of Chemistry,Shandong University.
文摘Blends of PC and PPSQ (A) with high M-w and good ladderlike regularity or PPSQ(B) with low M-w and more defective Si-atoms in its structure have been prepared by solution casting. The dispersed spheres (PPSQ(A)-rich) are unevenly dispersed in the continuous PC-rich phase and there is no phase-inversion as PPSQ(A) content increases when the percentage of PPSQ(A) is not more than 70%. PPSQ(B)-rich spheres are evenly dispersed in the continuous phase (PC-rich) and phase-inversion occurs when PPSQ(B) percentage is up to 70%. T-g of PPSQ(A)/PC or PPSQ(B)/PC at some compositions are lower than that of pure PC due to the enlarged free-volume of PC-rich phase because some spheres of rigid PPSQ chains are included in the PC-rich phase. PC and PPSQ(A) or PPSQ(B) are partially compatible. The compatibility of PC and PPSQ(B) is better than that of PC and PPSQ(A) with high M-w and good ladderlike regularity. Heat history has some influence on the T(g)s and compatibility of PPSQ(A)/PC and PPSQ(B)/PC blends.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174291)。
文摘In order to study the sintering characteristics of Ca-rich iron ore,chemical analysis,laser diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,XRD-Rietveld method,and micro-sintering were used to analyze the mineralogical properties and sintering pot tests were used to study the sintering behavior.In addition,a grey correlation mathematical model was used to calculate and compare the comprehensive sintering performance under different calcium-rich iron ore contents.The results demonstrate that the Ca-rich iron ore has coarse grain size and strong self-fusing characteristics with Ca element in the form of calcite(CaCO_(3)) and the liquid phase produced by the self-fusing of the calcium-rich iron ore is well crystallized.Its application with a 20wt%content in sintering improves sinter productivity,reduces fuel consumption,enhances reduction index,and improves gas permeability in blast furnace by 0.45 t/(m^(2)·h),6.11 kg/t,6.17%,and 65.39 kPa·℃,respectively.The Ca-rich iron ore sintering can improve the calorific value of sintering flue gas compared with magnetite sintering,which is conducive to recovering heat for secondary use.As the content of the Ca-rich iron ore increases,sinter agglomeration shifts from localized liquid-phase bonding to a combination of localized liquid-phase bonding and iron oxide crystal connection.Based on an examination of the greater weight value of productivity with grey correlation analysis,the Ca-rich iron ore is beneficial for the comprehensive index of sintering in the range of 0-20wt%content.Therefore,it may be used in sintering with magnetite concentrates as the major ore species.
基金Project Supported bythe Talents Development Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (200608)
文摘Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3 alloy has high chemical activity and favorable plateaus pressure. Mg2Ni is in favor of high hydrogen storage capacity and low weight, but it is difficult to be activated. In order to improve the capacity and cycle performances of hydrogen-storage alloy electrodes, Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4-Al0.3-x%Mg2Ni(x=0, 5, 10, 30) composite hydrogen storage alloys prepared by two-step re-melting were investigated in this work. The influences of Mg2Ni content on the cycle stabilities were analyzed by electrochemical methods. It was observed by XRD that the main phase of all the alloys is LaNi5 and the crystal lattice parameters of LaNi5 are changed with the increasing of x value, i.e, a-axis and unit cell volume decrease and c-axis decreases nonlinearly. The c-axis of alloy with x=5 is larger than the others. With the increasing of x value, capacity retentions of the composite hydrogen storage alloys rise from 66.21% while x=0 to 82.04% while x=10, but the capacity retention of the composite alloy with 30% Mg2Ni declines because of its decreasing axial ratio. More over, the composite alloy with 5% Mg2Ni shows the best cycle stability and higher discharge capacity, and it is an appropriate candidate for battery materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071144,51831009 and 51621001)Guangzhou key research and development program(No.202103040001)。
文摘Fascinating with high specific capacity and moderate lithiation potential,SnO_(x)-based materials have been intensively investigated as one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries.However,due to poor cycling stability,sluggish reaction kinetics,and limited electrochemical reaction reversibility,the development of SnO_(x)-based anodes has been hindered.And the current preparation and modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes lack direct and specific illustration.Herein,modification routes for SnO_(x)-based anodes have been emphasized.Firstly,to provide more direct instructions,the tuning routes of morphological structure for SnO_(x)-based electrodes(including slurry-based and self-supported)have been thoroughly discussed from the preparation perspective.Secondly,according to the properties of SnO_(x)-based anodes,the phase structure design ideas have also been properly classified and organized for addressing chemical reaction kinetics or thermodynamic issues.Finally,for future-oriented studies,new insights into the development and commercialization prospects of SnO_(x)-based anodes are also provided.This review,with comprehensive information on SnO_(x)-based anodes,aims to bring more specific guidance and valuable inspiration for peer researchers who are promoting the application of SnO_(x)-based materials for energy conversion and storage devices.
基金the Science Foundation of Shandong University for the Youth (y34029) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29903006).
文摘The steady-state fluorescence method has been tentatively used to determine the phase structures of microemulsion systems consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), octane (n-C8H18), and water. The excimer/monomer intensity ratio (I-e/I-m) of pyrene has demonstrated that the various structures in the microemulsion phase region can be distinguished. The results are consistent with electrical conductivity data already reported.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51001043)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET2011)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation (201104390, 20100470990)Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province (2012IRTSTHN007)Baotou Science and Technology Project (2011J1003)and the Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University (B2010-13)
文摘Phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Co-free La0.7Ce0.3（Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15（Fe0.43B0.57）0.10）x （0.90≤x≤1.10） alloys were investigated. When x was 0.90, the alloy was composed of LaNi5, La3Ni13B2 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The Ce2Ni7 phase disappeared, and the abundant of La3Ni13B2 phase decreased when x increased to 0.95. When x was 1.00 or higher the alloys consisted of LaNi5 phase. The lattice parameter a and the cell volume V of the LaNi5 phase decreased, and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase increased with x value increasing. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes first increased and then decreased with x value increasing from 0.90 to 1.10, and the highest value was obtained when x was 1.00. High-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g increased from 50.7% （x= 0.90） to 64.1% （x=1.10）. Both the charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the hydrogen diffusion in the alloy were responsible for the high-rate dischargeability. Cycling capacity retention rate at 100^th cycle （$10o） gradually increased from 77.3% （x= 0.90） to 84.6% （x= 1.10）, which resulted from the increase in Ni content and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase with x value increasing.
