BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for ch...BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for cholangiocarcinoma treatment but their efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma was low. We suggest how such antitumor activity can be increased using cell lysates derived from an honokioltreated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). AIM To increase antitumour activity of DCs pulsed with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). METHODS The effect of honokiol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on choangiocarcinoma cells was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity and the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DCs were loaded with tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells their efficacy including induction of T lymphocyte proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity effect on target cholangiocarcinoma cells were evaluated. RESULTS Honokiol can effectively activate cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis and increase the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. DCs loaded with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated tumour cells enhanced priming and stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation and type I cytokine production. T lymphocytes stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of honokiol-treated tumour cells significantly increased specific killing of human cholangiocarcinoma cells compared to those associated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of untreated cholangiocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that honokiol was able to enhance the immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells associated with increased effectiveness of DC-based vaccine formulation. Treatment of tumour cells with honokiol offers a promising approach as an ex vivo DC-based anticancer vaccine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is...BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclasemodulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.展开更多
The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. ...The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of nonimmune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct proinflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD.The effects determine pathologic changes,which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes.In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers,research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.展开更多
A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and bod...A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and body, and were originally identified as three different species, are all the same species. This study implies that, in some group of Odonata,identification only depending on color pattern may be unreliable, no matter what huge variations there are.展开更多
Crystal patterns in ultrathin films of six poly（ethylene oxide） fractions with molecular weights from 25000 to 932000 g/mol were characterized within crystallization temperature range from 20 ℃to 60℃. Labyrinthine...Crystal patterns in ultrathin films of six poly（ethylene oxide） fractions with molecular weights from 25000 to 932000 g/mol were characterized within crystallization temperature range from 20 ℃to 60℃. Labyrinthine, dendritic and faceted crystal patterns were observed in different temperature ranges, and then labyrinthine-to-dendritic and dendritic-to- faceted transition temperatures T_L-D and T_D-F were quantitatively identified. Their molecular weight dependences are T_L-D（M_w） = T_L-D（∞） -K_L-D/M_w, where T_L-D（∞） = 38.2 ℃ and K_L-D = 253000 ℃.g/mol and T_D-F（M_w） = T_D-F（∞） -K_D-F/M_w, where T_D-F（∞） = 54.7 ℃ and K_D-F= 27000 ℃.g/mol. Quasi two-dimensional blob models were proposed to provide empirical explanations of the molecular weight dependences. The labyrinthine-to-dendritic transition is attributed to a molecular diffusion process change from a local-diffusion to diffusion-limited-aggregation （DLA） and a polymer chain with M_w ≈253000 g/mol within a blob can join crystals independently. The dendritic-to-faceted transition is attributed to a turnover of the pattern formation mechanism from DLA to crystallization control, and a polymer chain with a M_w ≈27000 g/tool as an independent blob crosses to a depletion zone to join crystals. These molecular weight dependences reveal a macromolecular effect on the crystal pattern formation and selection of crystalline polymers.展开更多
In order to research the feasibility of using the selective adsorption principle to achieve automatic shaping of nano patterns,in this study,using the liquid gallium as the conductive ink and graphene as the printing ...In order to research the feasibility of using the selective adsorption principle to achieve automatic shaping of nano patterns,in this study,using the liquid gallium as the conductive ink and graphene as the printing plate surface,by changing the surface wettability of patterned areas on the nanoscale of graphene printed boards,the automatic formation of liquid gallium patterns on the graphene printed plate surface was simulated.The results indicated that liquid gallium can achieve automatic patterning on the surface of graphene patterned areas;the greater the interaction energy between gallium and carbon atoms,the clearer the pattern;gallium liquid is prone to remain in complex local positions of the pattern,making it difficult to shape the pattern;if the spacing between adjacent pattern lines is too large or too small,it will result in residual gallium liquid between the lines;increasing the thickness of the gallium film will cause the pattern to expand beyond the boundary,but increasing the thickness of the gallium film can also enhance the thickness and uniformity of the pattern lines.In summary,the principle of selective adsorption can be used to achieve the automatic formation of nano patterns,and the pattern formation effect is influenced by factors such as atomic interaction energy and pattern configuration.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatme...BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.展开更多
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the nanoindentation models of monolayer suspended graphene and graphyne. Fullerenes are selected as indenters. Our results show that Young＇s modulus of monolayer-...Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the nanoindentation models of monolayer suspended graphene and graphyne. Fullerenes are selected as indenters. Our results show that Young＇s modulus of monolayer-thick graphyne is almost half of that of graphene, which is estimated to be 0.50 TPa. The mechanical properties of graphene and graphyne are different in the presence of strain. A pre-tension has an important effect on the mechanical properties of a membrane. Both the pre-tension and Young＇s modulus plots demonstrate index behavior. The toughness of graphyne is stronger than that of graphene due to Young＇s modulus magnitude. Young＇s moduli of graphene and graphyne are almost independent of the size ratio of indenter to membrane.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global und...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global understanding of DOM molecular properties such as molecular weight,stoichiometry,and oxidation state,and the linkages among them across Earth systems.Here,a meta-analysis of 2707 sites in 204 literatures was conducted by synthesizing four representative molecular properties of DOM,i.e.,mass,double bond equivalent(DBE),modified aromaticity index(AI_(mod)),and nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC).By exploring H/C and O/C ratios,we examined the relationships among these DOM properties across waters and land systems,and their geographical patterns and environmental drivers.We found that,compared to land system,the mass,DBE,and AI_(mod) were all significantly higher in water systems,with river sediments exhibiting the highest values.The DOM oxidation state indicated by NOSC was greater on average in wastewater(NOSC=0.226±0.06)and marine water(NOSC=0.133±0.06)than in other habitats.Compared to waters,the mass in land system showed more strongly positive correlations with oxidation states such as NOSC and O/C,and the NOSC showed stronger relations to bioavailability properties such as DBE,AI_(mod),and H/C.Among all the properties,H/C and AI_(mod) contributed to the most variations in global DOM properties.In waters,NOSC monotonically increased towards high latitudes,while DBE and AI_(mod) showed significant hump-shaped patterns indicating peaked unsaturation and aromaticity at mid-latitudes of approximately absolute 30°–50°.The variations in DOM properties were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as annual mean temperature and pH.Collectively,we revealed the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of DOM molecular properties across Earth ecosystems,which could shed light on our comprehensive understanding of DOM characteristics and its dynamics.展开更多
微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素...微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素、肽聚糖、磷壁酸、脂蛋白和Cp G DNA特性;阐述不同环境介质如空气、水和土壤环境中PAMPs赋存特征与健康风险;介绍机体对PAMPs识别机制及其疾病诱发风险,并揭示PAMPs与环境污染物联合暴露后致炎能力呈现的协同增强效应;根据环境领域PAMPs研究现状,重点探讨现存不足之处,提出亟需加快PAMPs标准检测体系、暴露风险阈值和流行病学等方面研究,推动环境领域PAMPs研究进展,为全面理解和评估PAMPs健康风险提供参考依据.展开更多
A turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)cell line named SMSP was obtained from the spleen.The origin of the cells was identified by morphology,chromosome number and COI gene.The optimal basic medium,serum concentration and grow...A turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)cell line named SMSP was obtained from the spleen.The origin of the cells was identified by morphology,chromosome number and COI gene.The optimal basic medium,serum concentration and growth temperature of the cells were detected.SMSP cell line is mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells.Most of the SMSP cells contained 44 chromosomes,and the sequence of COI gene confirmed that the cells were originated from turbot.The optimal culture conditions were 24℃,DMEM+10%FBS.The cell line had high transfection efficiency for siRNA and plasmid.After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or poly(I:C),the expressions of immune-related genes such as TNF-β,IL-12s,IL-10 and IL-1βwere up-regulated significantly in the early stage(P<0.05).This study will provide a model for exploring immune mechanism of turbot against pathogen in vitro.展开更多
Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupli...Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health challenge,with high recurrence and mortality despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy.The study by He et al identifies a novel mechanism by which p...Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health challenge,with high recurrence and mortality despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy.The study by He et al identifies a novel mechanism by which peroxiredoxin 1(Prdx1)inhibits CRC progression through induction of pyroptosis,a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death.Traditionally viewed as an intracellular antioxidant that protects tumors from oxidative stress,Prdx1 assu-mes a paradoxical immunogenic role when released extracellularly as a damageassociated molecular pattern.Using patient samples,recombinant protein assays,and murine xenograft models,the authors demonstrate that Prdx1 activates the NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome/caspase-1/gasdermin D pathway,triggering membrane pore formation,tumor cell lysis,and release of interleukin-1β/interleukin-18.This cascade not only halts tumor proliferation,invasion,and migration but may also enhance anti-tumor immune surveillance.The study’s strengths include rigorous mechanistic validation,clinical cohort data,inhibitor-based causal proof,and in vivo confirmation.However,questions remain regarding the upstream receptor for Prdx1,heterogeneity across CRC subtypes,and the balance between therapeutic benefit and inflammatory toxicity.By establishing Prdx1-induced pyroptosis as a driver of tumor suppression,this work advances a promising paradigm in CRC therapy,linking cell death to immune activation and pointing toward future biomarker-driven,pyroptosis-based interventions.展开更多
Utilization of heterosis to develop hybrid cultivars can significantly increase yield of most crops including foxtail millet. However, previous foxtail millet hybrid cultivars have been largely developed from crosses ...Utilization of heterosis to develop hybrid cultivars can significantly increase yield of most crops including foxtail millet. However, previous foxtail millet hybrid cultivars have been largely developed from crosses between sterile lines and conventional varieties or between sterile lines and varieties that are geographically distent from the sterile lines. The research on classification of heterotic classes and determinetaion of heterotic patterns has not been reported, which results in uncertainty in selection of parents for crosses and delays progress in utilization of high yielding hybrids in large-scale commercial production. In this study, a core collection of 128 accessions from China was grouped into six classes using combined analyses of population structure, pedigree, and clustering. The classification was conducted based mainly on molecular clustering of genotypic data, also considered the population structure and mathematical clustering using phenotypic data, and was finally validated through pedigree analysis. According to the transgressive and superstandard heterosis for grain yield, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight collected from an incomplete-diallel-cross experiment, we identified six superior heterosis patterns (C2/C1, C2/C4, C2/C5, C2/C6, C1/C5 and C4/C5) and four inferior heterosis patterns (C1/C3, C1/C4, C1/C6 and C4/C6), and explored their potential applications in millet hybrid breeding. This study laid a foundation for effective use of foxtail millet heterosis in improving millet hybrid yield.展开更多
【Aim】The objective of this study is to characterize eight digestive carboxypeptidase genes in Anopheles sinensis,and to analyze their expression patterns before and post blood meal feeding.【Methods】The characteris...【Aim】The objective of this study is to characterize eight digestive carboxypeptidase genes in Anopheles sinensis,and to analyze their expression patterns before and post blood meal feeding.【Methods】The characteristics of eight digestive carboxypeptidase genes of An.sinensis were analyzed using bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues at different developmental stages and in the midguts of female adults at different time points post blood meal feeding(PBM)were compared by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative realtime PCR(qRT-PCR),respectively.【Results】Bioinformatics analysis indicated that of the eight carboxypeptidase genes,six genes encode carboxypeptidases A(AsCPA-I-AsCPA-VI)and two encode carboxypeptidases B(AsCPB-I and AsCPB-II).The expression of AsCPA-V was only detected in midguts and carcasses(whole mosquitoes minus midgut)of the 4th instar larvae,suggesting that it might have specific expression in larvae,while the other seven genes were simultaneously expressed in the 4th instar larvae and adults.After blood meal feeding,the expression levels of AsCPA-I,AsCPA-II,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI,AsCPB-I and AsCPB-II in the midguts of female adults significantly changed,but their expression patterns were completely different,suggesting that the blood protein digestion is a complex process involving the coordinative expressions of multiple genes.The expression levels of AsCPA-I,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II were all up-regulated and peaked at 24 h PBM.Especially,the expression level of AsCPA-VI rapidly increased at 3 h PBM,and peaked at 24 h PBM with^418fold induction,and that of AsCPB-II also increased by more than 40-fold at 24 h PBM,suggesting that they might be involved in blood protein digestion.However,the expression levels of AsCPA-II and AsCPB-I in midguts of female adults were significantly down-regulated after blood meal feeding.【Conclusion】Eight carboxypeptidase genes from An.sinensis were characterized.Among them,AsCPA-I,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II are putatively involved in blood protein digestion;in particular,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II might play more important roles.Our results provide a basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of blood protein digestion in mosquitos as well as in An.sinensis.展开更多
基金the grant from the Thailand Research Fund,No.BRG6180010Naresuan University Research Grant,No.R2561B001
文摘BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for cholangiocarcinoma treatment but their efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma was low. We suggest how such antitumor activity can be increased using cell lysates derived from an honokioltreated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). AIM To increase antitumour activity of DCs pulsed with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). METHODS The effect of honokiol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on choangiocarcinoma cells was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity and the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DCs were loaded with tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells their efficacy including induction of T lymphocyte proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity effect on target cholangiocarcinoma cells were evaluated. RESULTS Honokiol can effectively activate cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis and increase the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. DCs loaded with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated tumour cells enhanced priming and stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation and type I cytokine production. T lymphocytes stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of honokiol-treated tumour cells significantly increased specific killing of human cholangiocarcinoma cells compared to those associated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of untreated cholangiocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that honokiol was able to enhance the immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells associated with increased effectiveness of DC-based vaccine formulation. Treatment of tumour cells with honokiol offers a promising approach as an ex vivo DC-based anticancer vaccine.
文摘BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclasemodulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.
基金Supported by the Brazilian research foundations Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro--FAPERJ,No.E26/202.781/2017Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq,No.302401/2016-4
文摘The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of nonimmune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct proinflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD.The effects determine pathologic changes,which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes.In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers,research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572299)a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015FY210300)
文摘A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and body, and were originally identified as three different species, are all the same species. This study implies that, in some group of Odonata,identification only depending on color pattern may be unreliable, no matter what huge variations there are.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.20874053)
文摘Crystal patterns in ultrathin films of six poly（ethylene oxide） fractions with molecular weights from 25000 to 932000 g/mol were characterized within crystallization temperature range from 20 ℃to 60℃. Labyrinthine, dendritic and faceted crystal patterns were observed in different temperature ranges, and then labyrinthine-to-dendritic and dendritic-to- faceted transition temperatures T_L-D and T_D-F were quantitatively identified. Their molecular weight dependences are T_L-D（M_w） = T_L-D（∞） -K_L-D/M_w, where T_L-D（∞） = 38.2 ℃ and K_L-D = 253000 ℃.g/mol and T_D-F（M_w） = T_D-F（∞） -K_D-F/M_w, where T_D-F（∞） = 54.7 ℃ and K_D-F= 27000 ℃.g/mol. Quasi two-dimensional blob models were proposed to provide empirical explanations of the molecular weight dependences. The labyrinthine-to-dendritic transition is attributed to a molecular diffusion process change from a local-diffusion to diffusion-limited-aggregation （DLA） and a polymer chain with M_w ≈253000 g/mol within a blob can join crystals independently. The dendritic-to-faceted transition is attributed to a turnover of the pattern formation mechanism from DLA to crystallization control, and a polymer chain with a M_w ≈27000 g/tool as an independent blob crosses to a depletion zone to join crystals. These molecular weight dependences reveal a macromolecular effect on the crystal pattern formation and selection of crystalline polymers.
文摘In order to research the feasibility of using the selective adsorption principle to achieve automatic shaping of nano patterns,in this study,using the liquid gallium as the conductive ink and graphene as the printing plate surface,by changing the surface wettability of patterned areas on the nanoscale of graphene printed boards,the automatic formation of liquid gallium patterns on the graphene printed plate surface was simulated.The results indicated that liquid gallium can achieve automatic patterning on the surface of graphene patterned areas;the greater the interaction energy between gallium and carbon atoms,the clearer the pattern;gallium liquid is prone to remain in complex local positions of the pattern,making it difficult to shape the pattern;if the spacing between adjacent pattern lines is too large or too small,it will result in residual gallium liquid between the lines;increasing the thickness of the gallium film will cause the pattern to expand beyond the boundary,but increasing the thickness of the gallium film can also enhance the thickness and uniformity of the pattern lines.In summary,the principle of selective adsorption can be used to achieve the automatic formation of nano patterns,and the pattern formation effect is influenced by factors such as atomic interaction energy and pattern configuration.
文摘BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11274262the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grand No 14JJ2046the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities under Grant No IRT13093
文摘Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the nanoindentation models of monolayer suspended graphene and graphyne. Fullerenes are selected as indenters. Our results show that Young＇s modulus of monolayer-thick graphyne is almost half of that of graphene, which is estimated to be 0.50 TPa. The mechanical properties of graphene and graphyne are different in the presence of strain. A pre-tension has an important effect on the mechanical properties of a membrane. Both the pre-tension and Young＇s modulus plots demonstrate index behavior. The toughness of graphyne is stronger than that of graphene due to Young＇s modulus magnitude. Young＇s moduli of graphene and graphyne are almost independent of the size ratio of indenter to membrane.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A20578,42225708,42377122,92251304)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240111)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security(No.NKL2023-QN04)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2022GS09).
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions.However,it is understudied for a global understanding of DOM molecular properties such as molecular weight,stoichiometry,and oxidation state,and the linkages among them across Earth systems.Here,a meta-analysis of 2707 sites in 204 literatures was conducted by synthesizing four representative molecular properties of DOM,i.e.,mass,double bond equivalent(DBE),modified aromaticity index(AI_(mod)),and nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC).By exploring H/C and O/C ratios,we examined the relationships among these DOM properties across waters and land systems,and their geographical patterns and environmental drivers.We found that,compared to land system,the mass,DBE,and AI_(mod) were all significantly higher in water systems,with river sediments exhibiting the highest values.The DOM oxidation state indicated by NOSC was greater on average in wastewater(NOSC=0.226±0.06)and marine water(NOSC=0.133±0.06)than in other habitats.Compared to waters,the mass in land system showed more strongly positive correlations with oxidation states such as NOSC and O/C,and the NOSC showed stronger relations to bioavailability properties such as DBE,AI_(mod),and H/C.Among all the properties,H/C and AI_(mod) contributed to the most variations in global DOM properties.In waters,NOSC monotonically increased towards high latitudes,while DBE and AI_(mod) showed significant hump-shaped patterns indicating peaked unsaturation and aromaticity at mid-latitudes of approximately absolute 30°–50°.The variations in DOM properties were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as annual mean temperature and pH.Collectively,we revealed the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of DOM molecular properties across Earth ecosystems,which could shed light on our comprehensive understanding of DOM characteristics and its dynamics.
文摘微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素、肽聚糖、磷壁酸、脂蛋白和Cp G DNA特性;阐述不同环境介质如空气、水和土壤环境中PAMPs赋存特征与健康风险;介绍机体对PAMPs识别机制及其疾病诱发风险,并揭示PAMPs与环境污染物联合暴露后致炎能力呈现的协同增强效应;根据环境领域PAMPs研究现状,重点探讨现存不足之处,提出亟需加快PAMPs标准检测体系、暴露风险阈值和流行病学等方面研究,推动环境领域PAMPs研究进展,为全面理解和评估PAMPs健康风险提供参考依据.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31902403)the Young Experts of Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909130)+2 种基金the advanced Talents Foundation of QAU grant(No.663-1120029)the Shandong Technical System of Fish Industry(No.SDAIT-12-03)the Breeding Plan of Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team(2019),China。
文摘A turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)cell line named SMSP was obtained from the spleen.The origin of the cells was identified by morphology,chromosome number and COI gene.The optimal basic medium,serum concentration and growth temperature of the cells were detected.SMSP cell line is mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells.Most of the SMSP cells contained 44 chromosomes,and the sequence of COI gene confirmed that the cells were originated from turbot.The optimal culture conditions were 24℃,DMEM+10%FBS.The cell line had high transfection efficiency for siRNA and plasmid.After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or poly(I:C),the expressions of immune-related genes such as TNF-β,IL-12s,IL-10 and IL-1βwere up-regulated significantly in the early stage(P<0.05).This study will provide a model for exploring immune mechanism of turbot against pathogen in vitro.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1400403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374183,92165205)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.020414380207).
文摘Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a major global health challenge,with high recurrence and mortality despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy.The study by He et al identifies a novel mechanism by which peroxiredoxin 1(Prdx1)inhibits CRC progression through induction of pyroptosis,a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death.Traditionally viewed as an intracellular antioxidant that protects tumors from oxidative stress,Prdx1 assu-mes a paradoxical immunogenic role when released extracellularly as a damageassociated molecular pattern.Using patient samples,recombinant protein assays,and murine xenograft models,the authors demonstrate that Prdx1 activates the NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome/caspase-1/gasdermin D pathway,triggering membrane pore formation,tumor cell lysis,and release of interleukin-1β/interleukin-18.This cascade not only halts tumor proliferation,invasion,and migration but may also enhance anti-tumor immune surveillance.The study’s strengths include rigorous mechanistic validation,clinical cohort data,inhibitor-based causal proof,and in vivo confirmation.However,questions remain regarding the upstream receptor for Prdx1,heterogeneity across CRC subtypes,and the balance between therapeutic benefit and inflammatory toxicity.By establishing Prdx1-induced pyroptosis as a driver of tumor suppression,this work advances a promising paradigm in CRC therapy,linking cell death to immune activation and pointing toward future biomarker-driven,pyroptosis-based interventions.
文摘Utilization of heterosis to develop hybrid cultivars can significantly increase yield of most crops including foxtail millet. However, previous foxtail millet hybrid cultivars have been largely developed from crosses between sterile lines and conventional varieties or between sterile lines and varieties that are geographically distent from the sterile lines. The research on classification of heterotic classes and determinetaion of heterotic patterns has not been reported, which results in uncertainty in selection of parents for crosses and delays progress in utilization of high yielding hybrids in large-scale commercial production. In this study, a core collection of 128 accessions from China was grouped into six classes using combined analyses of population structure, pedigree, and clustering. The classification was conducted based mainly on molecular clustering of genotypic data, also considered the population structure and mathematical clustering using phenotypic data, and was finally validated through pedigree analysis. According to the transgressive and superstandard heterosis for grain yield, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight collected from an incomplete-diallel-cross experiment, we identified six superior heterosis patterns (C2/C1, C2/C4, C2/C5, C2/C6, C1/C5 and C4/C5) and four inferior heterosis patterns (C1/C3, C1/C4, C1/C6 and C4/C6), and explored their potential applications in millet hybrid breeding. This study laid a foundation for effective use of foxtail millet heterosis in improving millet hybrid yield.
文摘【Aim】The objective of this study is to characterize eight digestive carboxypeptidase genes in Anopheles sinensis,and to analyze their expression patterns before and post blood meal feeding.【Methods】The characteristics of eight digestive carboxypeptidase genes of An.sinensis were analyzed using bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues at different developmental stages and in the midguts of female adults at different time points post blood meal feeding(PBM)were compared by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative realtime PCR(qRT-PCR),respectively.【Results】Bioinformatics analysis indicated that of the eight carboxypeptidase genes,six genes encode carboxypeptidases A(AsCPA-I-AsCPA-VI)and two encode carboxypeptidases B(AsCPB-I and AsCPB-II).The expression of AsCPA-V was only detected in midguts and carcasses(whole mosquitoes minus midgut)of the 4th instar larvae,suggesting that it might have specific expression in larvae,while the other seven genes were simultaneously expressed in the 4th instar larvae and adults.After blood meal feeding,the expression levels of AsCPA-I,AsCPA-II,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI,AsCPB-I and AsCPB-II in the midguts of female adults significantly changed,but their expression patterns were completely different,suggesting that the blood protein digestion is a complex process involving the coordinative expressions of multiple genes.The expression levels of AsCPA-I,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II were all up-regulated and peaked at 24 h PBM.Especially,the expression level of AsCPA-VI rapidly increased at 3 h PBM,and peaked at 24 h PBM with^418fold induction,and that of AsCPB-II also increased by more than 40-fold at 24 h PBM,suggesting that they might be involved in blood protein digestion.However,the expression levels of AsCPA-II and AsCPB-I in midguts of female adults were significantly down-regulated after blood meal feeding.【Conclusion】Eight carboxypeptidase genes from An.sinensis were characterized.Among them,AsCPA-I,AsCPA-III,AsCPA-IV,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II are putatively involved in blood protein digestion;in particular,AsCPA-VI and AsCPB-II might play more important roles.Our results provide a basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of blood protein digestion in mosquitos as well as in An.sinensis.
