摘要
花色是兰花观赏价值与商业价值的核心,其形成与花色素的种类、含量及沉着模式密切相关。为系统解析兰花花色素沉着的调控机理,本文综述了兰花花色的主要物质基础(类黄酮、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素),重点归纳了花青素与类胡萝卜素合成途径中结构基因和调节基因的分子调控机制,包括结构基因通过表达类型与表达量决定花色类型(红、紫、黄等)和颜色强度;调节基因通过时空特异性表达,调控花瓣底色、斑点、斑块、脉纹等着色模式,其中MYB与bHLH转录因子的协同作用是着色模式形成的关键。同时,分析了光、温度、外源化学物质等环境因子通过调控关键基因表达间接影响花色素代谢的机制。文章对未来的研究方向提出展望,认为可在花色分类体系、视觉信号和着色模型构建的基础上,进一步完善兰花花色素合成的分子动态调控网络,并在着色模式的特异性调控机制上深入探索。研究旨在为未来兰花定向育种及基因编辑提供理论参考和应用支撑。
Flower color is the core of the ornamental and commercial value of orchids,and its formation is closely associated with the types,content,and deposition patterns of floral pigments.To systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying pigment deposition in orchid flowers,this review summarizes the main pigment substances(flavonoids,carotenoids,and chlorophylls),with a particular focus on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways.Structural genes determine flower color types(e.g.,red,purple,yellow)and color intensity through their expression patterns and levels,while regulatory genes control pigmentation patterns such as petal background color,spots,patches,and venation via spatiotemporally specific expression.Among these,the synergistic interaction between MYB and bHLH transcription factors plays a key role in the formation of pigmentation patterns.Additionally,this review analyzes how environmental factors such as light,temperature,and exogenous chemicals indirectly influence floral pigment metabolism by modulating the expression of key genes.Further efforts should aim to refine the molecular dynamic regulatory network of pigment synthesis in orchids and explore specific regulatory mechanisms underlying pigmentation patterns.This study aims to provide theoretical insights and practical support for future directed breeding and gene editing in orchids.
作者
汪锦
万斌
涂勋良
蒋彧
邓家洪
WANG Jin;WAN Bin;TU Xunliang;JIANG Yu;DENG Jiahong(Institute of Horticulture,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610000;Chengdu Juran Orchid Planting Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2026年第1期84-91,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
省财政自主创新专项项目“国兰新种质创制研究”(2022ZZCX047)
四川省育种攻关项目“国兰名优新品种选育及利用”(2021YFYZ0006)
国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-23-G58)。
关键词
兰花
着色模式
花色图案
花色素沉着
花青素
类胡萝卜素
分子机制
结构基因
调节基因
orchid
coloration pattern
floral color pattern
floral color pigmentation
anthocyanin
carotenoid
molecular mechanism
structural genes
regulatory genes
