In March 2023,Indonesia took over the chairmanship of MIKTA from Turkiye,marking the second time Indonesia has served as the rotating chair of a global governance mechanism,following the Bali G20 Summit in 2022.
The decentralized fuzzy inference method(DFIM)is employed as an optimization technique to reconstruct time-and space-dependent heat flux of two-dimensional(2D)participating medium.The forward coupled radiative and con...The decentralized fuzzy inference method(DFIM)is employed as an optimization technique to reconstruct time-and space-dependent heat flux of two-dimensional(2D)participating medium.The forward coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer problem is solved by a combination of finite volume method and discrete ordinate method.The reconstruction task is formulated as an inverse problem,and the DFIM is used to reconstruct the unknown heat flux.No prior information on the heat flux distribution is required for the inverse analysis.All retrieval results illustrate that the time-and spacedependent heat flux of participating medium can be exactly recovered by the DFIM.The present method is proved to be more efficient and accurate than other optimization techniques.The effects of heat flux form,initial guess,medium property,and measurement error on reconstruction results are investigated.Simulated results indicate that the DFIM is robust to reconstruct different kinds of heat fluxes even with noisy data.展开更多
Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers' behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the inde...Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers' behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the indexes covering household features,agricultural production risks,the attitudes of rural households towards risks and the transaction cost of participating insurance and by using Logistic regression model.The results show that comparing with insurance company,the government has larger influence on farmers' behaviors on participating insurance;the premium of agricultural insurance does not obstruct farmers' participation in insurance;the bad-handled relations between the government and insurance company have bad effects on the development of local agricultural insurance.In order to promote farmers to participate in agricultural insurance,the relevant countermeasures are put forward:firstly,increasing the investment on rural education and improving cultural level of farmers;secondly,intensifying the promotion on agricultural insurance;thirdly,reasonably planning the duties and rights of the government and the insurance company;fourthly,vigorously encouraging the farmers to conduct scale production of apple and form the scale economy.展开更多
China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction through institutional designs and practices in line with its national conditions. It can explore ways to participate in global poverty governance through bil...China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction through institutional designs and practices in line with its national conditions. It can explore ways to participate in global poverty governance through bilateral, multilateral and thirdparty cooperation, and contribute to the UN 2030 Agenda.展开更多
The ’tri-gold program’ aiming at improving information exchange for China’s national economy has been put into practice. The ’Gold bridge’ project forms the infrastructure for the information exchange of the nati...The ’tri-gold program’ aiming at improving information exchange for China’s national economy has been put into practice. The ’Gold bridge’ project forms the infrastructure for the information exchange of the national economy. It makes great contributions to the control and decision-making of the country’s macro-economy, to the promotion of social productivity, and to relieving the bottleneck pressure on the parts of energy, communications and environment. The ’Gold Customs’ project aims at realizing paperless foreign trade. The ’Gold card’ project involves modern payment means, such as展开更多
Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical ... Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……展开更多
Purpose： Compared with traditional course materials used in the classroom, the massive open online course（MOOC） forum that delivers unlimited learning content to students has various advantages. Yet MOOC has also r...Purpose： Compared with traditional course materials used in the classroom, the massive open online course（MOOC） forum that delivers unlimited learning content to students has various advantages. Yet MOOC has also received criticism recently, notably the problem of extremely low participation rates in its discussion forums. This study aims to explore the correlation between forum activity and student course grade in MOOC, and identify more accurately the forum activity levels of participants and the quality of threads in MOOC.Design/Methodology/Approach： We crawled students’ tests, final exams, exercises, discussions performance data and total scores from a course in Chinese College MOOC from May 2014 to August 2014. And we use the data to analyze the correlation between Forum Participation and Course Performance based on nonparametric tests as well as multiple linear regressions with the software of R. The study provides definitions and algorithms of super degrees based on the supernetwork model to help find high-quality threads and active participants.Findings： A positive correlation between forum activity and course grade is found in this study. Students who participate in the forum have better performance than those who do not. Using the definitions and algorithms of super degrees in the supernetwork, forum activity levels of participants as well as the quality of threads they employ are identified. Research limitation： Only limited representative forum participants and threads are used to analyze the activity level and significance of the MOOC forum. Also, the study only investigates one Chinese course on information retrieval. More data and more data sources could be helpful in better understanding the MOOC forum phenomenon.Practical implications： As super degrees can reveal more latent information and recognize high-quality threads as well as active participants, these parameters can be used to assess needs to improve forum settings and alleviate the problem of low forum participation. The proposed super degrees can be applied in social network domains for further research.Originality/Value： Definitions and algorithms of super degrees are provided and used for forum analysis. Super degrees can be applied to find high-quality threads and active participants, which is beneficial to guide students to participate in these high-quality threads and have a better understanding of knowledge MOOC provides.展开更多
Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community resi...Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.展开更多
How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at...How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at the beginning; therefore there were no specific quantitative statistics and network analysis of NGOs in climate change. Diversity was an important feature of NGOs in American climate change fields,and it showed a complex organizational ecology through varieties of networks and interaction among organizations. In order to make a difference in climate field,Chinese NGOs firstly needed to improve and enhance their own abilities.展开更多
Highly scattering media,such as milk,skin,and clouds,are common in the real world.Rendering participating media is challenging,especially for highorder scattering dominant media,because the light may undergo a large n...Highly scattering media,such as milk,skin,and clouds,are common in the real world.Rendering participating media is challenging,especially for highorder scattering dominant media,because the light may undergo a large number of scattering events before leaving the surface.Monte Carlo-based methods typically require a long time to produce noise-free results.Based on the observation that low-albedo media contain less noise than high-albedo media,we propose reducing the variance of the rendered results using differentiable regularization.We first render an image with low-albedo participating media together with the gradient with respect to the albedo,and then predict the final rendered image with a low-albedo image and gradient image via a novel prediction function.To achieve high quality,we also consider the gradients of neighboring frames to provide a noise-free gradient image.Ultimately,our method can produce results with much less overall eror than equal-time path tracing methods.展开更多
In the 12 years since the Belt and Road Initiative was first proposed,many Chinese enterprises have made fruitful achievements in the participating countries of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Rendering translucent materials is costly:light transport algorithms need to simulate a large number of scattering events inside the material before reaching convergence.The cost is especially high for materials with ...Rendering translucent materials is costly:light transport algorithms need to simulate a large number of scattering events inside the material before reaching convergence.The cost is especially high for materials with a large albedo or a small mean-freepath,where higher-order scattering effects dominate.In simple terms,the paths get lost in the medium.Path guiding has been proposed for surface rendering to make convergence faster by guiding the sampling process.In this paper,we introduce a path guiding solution for translucent materials.We learn an adaptive approximate representation of the radiance distribution in the volume and use it to sample the scattering direction,combining it with phase function sampling by resampled importance sampling.The proposed method significantly improves the performance of light transport simulation in participating media,especially for small lights and media with refractive boundaries.Our method can handle any homogeneous participating medium,with high or low scattering,with high or low absorption,and from isotropic to highly anisotropic.展开更多
A temperature measurement model of radiation thermometry for the surface covered by participating media was developed. The model was based on the radiation heat transfer of participating media and principles of radiat...A temperature measurement model of radiation thermometry for the surface covered by participating media was developed. The model was based on the radiation heat transfer of participating media and principles of radiation pyrometers, and solved by integral formulation of discrete ordinate method on spectral waveband. The influence of water mist on the indicated temperature of Raytek MR1SB one/two color pyrometer was discussed. Mie theory was used to calculate the radiative properties of water mist. In order to verify the model, a laboratory temperature measurement experiment was executed. The result shows that temperature of radiation thermometry is sensitive to the spectral response wavelength of pyrometer, and the simulated temperature of pyrometer agrees well with the experimental measurements on a suitable wavelength. The simulated temperature was lower than the real temperature of surface for one-color pyrometer, and it could be higher or lower than the real one for two-color pyrometer with the influence of participating media.展开更多
Participating media are frequent in real-world scenes,whether they contain milk,fruit juice,oil,or muddy water in a river or the ocean.Incoming light interacts with these participating media in complex ways:refraction...Participating media are frequent in real-world scenes,whether they contain milk,fruit juice,oil,or muddy water in a river or the ocean.Incoming light interacts with these participating media in complex ways:refraction at boundaries and scattering and absorption inside volumes.The radiative transfer equation is the key to solving this problem.There are several categories of rendering methods which are all based on this equation,but using different solutions.In this paper,we introduce these groups,which include volume density estimation based approaches,virtual point/ray/beam lights,point based approaches,Monte Carlo based approaches,acceleration techniques,accurate single scattering methods,neural network based methods,and spatially-correlated participating media related methods.As well as discussing these methods,we consider the challenges and open problems in this research area.展开更多
In the modal analysis and control of nonlinear dynamical systems,participation factors(PFs)of state variables with respect to a critical or selected mode serve as a pivotal tool for simplifying stability studies by fo...In the modal analysis and control of nonlinear dynamical systems,participation factors(PFs)of state variables with respect to a critical or selected mode serve as a pivotal tool for simplifying stability studies by focusing on a subset of highly influential state variables.For linear systems,PFs are uniquely determined by the mode’s composition and shape,which are defined by the system’s left and right eigenvectors,respectively.However,the uniqueness of other types of PFs has not been thoroughly addressed in literatures.This paper establishes sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of nonlinear PFs and five other PF variants,taking into account uncertain scaling factors in a mode’s shape and composition.These scaling factors arise from variations in the choice of physical units,which depend on the value ranges of real-world state variables.Understanding these sufficient conditions is essential for the correct application of PFs in practical stability analysis and control design.展开更多
We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed of sparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles.The particle size is expected to range from the scale of the wavelength to several orders of ...We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed of sparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles.The particle size is expected to range from the scale of the wavelength to several orders of magnitude greater,resulting in an appearance with distinct graininess as opposed to the smooth appearance of continuous media.One fundamental issue in the physically-based synthesis of such appearance is to determine the necessary optical properties in every local region.Since these properties vary spatially,we resort to geometrical optics approximation(GOA),a highly efficient alternative to rigorous Lorenz–Mie theory,to quantitatively represent the scattering of a single particle.This enables us to quickly compute bulk optical properties for any particle size distribution.We then use a practical Monte Carlo rendering solution to solve energy transfer in the discrete participating media.Our proposed framework is the first to simulate a wide range of discrete participating media with different levels of graininess,converging to the continuous media case as the particle concentration increases.展开更多
To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an ...To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function socially and occupationally, leading to a high burden on both the individuals affected and society as a whole.展开更多
Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environm...Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environmental protection,it has become a general consensus that ecosystems need to be protected by relying on local guardians with broad societal support and participation.展开更多
With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrat...With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrates bibliometric analysis(Citespace),vegetation quadrat surveys,and resident satisfaction questionnaires to quantify the implementation pathways of biodiversity,low-carbon society,and therapeutic landscapes in community habitat design.Key findings reveal that the high-carbon-sequestration plant combination of Liriope spicata and Pittosporum tobira can mitigate urban heat island effects,while the aromatic plant assemblage of Cinnamomum camphorum and Osmanthus fragrans demonstrates notable stress-reduction benefits.Monoculture planting,however,leads to reduced pollinator populations.Based on these outcomes,a“4-3-2”design framework is proposed,which stands for 4 ecological indicators(greening rate≥40%,native plants≥60%,non-motorized transport coverage rate 100%,and therapeutic facilities≥2),3 types of spatial strategies(ecological network infiltration,low-carbon travel strategy,and therapeutic landscape creation),and 2 major participation mechanisms(resident environmental council and plant-adoption incentive program).This study provides a quantifiable and operational framework for urban community habitat improvement.展开更多
Spring is the time for new life.The 2025 China Fashion Week(Spring)commenced on March 28th.This event focused on culture,creativity,andchanges in the fashion industry.The event featured nearly 230 brands and 270 desig...Spring is the time for new life.The 2025 China Fashion Week(Spring)commenced on March 28th.This event focused on culture,creativity,andchanges in the fashion industry.The event featured nearly 230 brands and 270 designers from l2 coun-tries,showcasing an impressive array of new products and over l60 fashionshowed,highlighting the vibrant creativity of Chinese design.展开更多
文摘In March 2023,Indonesia took over the chairmanship of MIKTA from Turkiye,marking the second time Indonesia has served as the rotating chair of a global governance mechanism,following the Bali G20 Summit in 2022.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTC,Grant No.2019JCYJ-MSXMX0441).
文摘The decentralized fuzzy inference method(DFIM)is employed as an optimization technique to reconstruct time-and space-dependent heat flux of two-dimensional(2D)participating medium.The forward coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer problem is solved by a combination of finite volume method and discrete ordinate method.The reconstruction task is formulated as an inverse problem,and the DFIM is used to reconstruct the unknown heat flux.No prior information on the heat flux distribution is required for the inverse analysis.All retrieval results illustrate that the time-and spacedependent heat flux of participating medium can be exactly recovered by the DFIM.The present method is proved to be more efficient and accurate than other optimization techniques.The effects of heat flux form,initial guess,medium property,and measurement error on reconstruction results are investigated.Simulated results indicate that the DFIM is robust to reconstruct different kinds of heat fluxes even with noisy data.
基金Supported by Shaanxi Social Science Fund(09E045)
文摘Taking Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province as an example,the factors that affect farmers' behaviors on participating in insurance is analyzed and evaluated according to the questionnaires and by selecting the indexes covering household features,agricultural production risks,the attitudes of rural households towards risks and the transaction cost of participating insurance and by using Logistic regression model.The results show that comparing with insurance company,the government has larger influence on farmers' behaviors on participating insurance;the premium of agricultural insurance does not obstruct farmers' participation in insurance;the bad-handled relations between the government and insurance company have bad effects on the development of local agricultural insurance.In order to promote farmers to participate in agricultural insurance,the relevant countermeasures are put forward:firstly,increasing the investment on rural education and improving cultural level of farmers;secondly,intensifying the promotion on agricultural insurance;thirdly,reasonably planning the duties and rights of the government and the insurance company;fourthly,vigorously encouraging the farmers to conduct scale production of apple and form the scale economy.
文摘China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction through institutional designs and practices in line with its national conditions. It can explore ways to participate in global poverty governance through bilateral, multilateral and thirdparty cooperation, and contribute to the UN 2030 Agenda.
文摘The ’tri-gold program’ aiming at improving information exchange for China’s national economy has been put into practice. The ’Gold bridge’ project forms the infrastructure for the information exchange of the national economy. It makes great contributions to the control and decision-making of the country’s macro-economy, to the promotion of social productivity, and to relieving the bottleneck pressure on the parts of energy, communications and environment. The ’Gold Customs’ project aims at realizing paperless foreign trade. The ’Gold card’ project involves modern payment means, such as
文摘 Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers: 71373194 and 71573197)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Purpose： Compared with traditional course materials used in the classroom, the massive open online course（MOOC） forum that delivers unlimited learning content to students has various advantages. Yet MOOC has also received criticism recently, notably the problem of extremely low participation rates in its discussion forums. This study aims to explore the correlation between forum activity and student course grade in MOOC, and identify more accurately the forum activity levels of participants and the quality of threads in MOOC.Design/Methodology/Approach： We crawled students’ tests, final exams, exercises, discussions performance data and total scores from a course in Chinese College MOOC from May 2014 to August 2014. And we use the data to analyze the correlation between Forum Participation and Course Performance based on nonparametric tests as well as multiple linear regressions with the software of R. The study provides definitions and algorithms of super degrees based on the supernetwork model to help find high-quality threads and active participants.Findings： A positive correlation between forum activity and course grade is found in this study. Students who participate in the forum have better performance than those who do not. Using the definitions and algorithms of super degrees in the supernetwork, forum activity levels of participants as well as the quality of threads they employ are identified. Research limitation： Only limited representative forum participants and threads are used to analyze the activity level and significance of the MOOC forum. Also, the study only investigates one Chinese course on information retrieval. More data and more data sources could be helpful in better understanding the MOOC forum phenomenon.Practical implications： As super degrees can reveal more latent information and recognize high-quality threads as well as active participants, these parameters can be used to assess needs to improve forum settings and alleviate the problem of low forum participation. The proposed super degrees can be applied in social network domains for further research.Originality/Value： Definitions and algorithms of super degrees are provided and used for forum analysis. Super degrees can be applied to find high-quality threads and active participants, which is beneficial to guide students to participate in these high-quality threads and have a better understanding of knowledge MOOC provides.
文摘Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SKZZX2013054)
文摘How many NGOs were there in the climate change field in the United States？ Who were they？ And what was the relationship between them？ In the United States,climate change was only a branch of environmental issues at the beginning; therefore there were no specific quantitative statistics and network analysis of NGOs in climate change. Diversity was an important feature of NGOs in American climate change fields,and it showed a complex organizational ecology through varieties of networks and interaction among organizations. In order to make a difference in climate field,Chinese NGOs firstly needed to improve and enhance their own abilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62172220。
文摘Highly scattering media,such as milk,skin,and clouds,are common in the real world.Rendering participating media is challenging,especially for highorder scattering dominant media,because the light may undergo a large number of scattering events before leaving the surface.Monte Carlo-based methods typically require a long time to produce noise-free results.Based on the observation that low-albedo media contain less noise than high-albedo media,we propose reducing the variance of the rendered results using differentiable regularization.We first render an image with low-albedo participating media together with the gradient with respect to the albedo,and then predict the final rendered image with a low-albedo image and gradient image via a novel prediction function.To achieve high quality,we also consider the gradients of neighboring frames to provide a noise-free gradient image.Ultimately,our method can produce results with much less overall eror than equal-time path tracing methods.
文摘In the 12 years since the Belt and Road Initiative was first proposed,many Chinese enterprises have made fruitful achievements in the participating countries of the Belt and Road Initiative.
基金partially supported by the NationalKey R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFB0203000the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61802187 and 61872223+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu under Grant No.BK20170857the fundamental research funds for the central universities No.30918011320ANR project ANR-15-CE380005“Materials”.
文摘Rendering translucent materials is costly:light transport algorithms need to simulate a large number of scattering events inside the material before reaching convergence.The cost is especially high for materials with a large albedo or a small mean-freepath,where higher-order scattering effects dominate.In simple terms,the paths get lost in the medium.Path guiding has been proposed for surface rendering to make convergence faster by guiding the sampling process.In this paper,we introduce a path guiding solution for translucent materials.We learn an adaptive approximate representation of the radiance distribution in the volume and use it to sample the scattering direction,combining it with phase function sampling by resampled importance sampling.The proposed method significantly improves the performance of light transport simulation in participating media,especially for small lights and media with refractive boundaries.Our method can handle any homogeneous participating medium,with high or low scattering,with high or low absorption,and from isotropic to highly anisotropic.
基金The support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50074006 is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘A temperature measurement model of radiation thermometry for the surface covered by participating media was developed. The model was based on the radiation heat transfer of participating media and principles of radiation pyrometers, and solved by integral formulation of discrete ordinate method on spectral waveband. The influence of water mist on the indicated temperature of Raytek MR1SB one/two color pyrometer was discussed. Mie theory was used to calculate the radiative properties of water mist. In order to verify the model, a laboratory temperature measurement experiment was executed. The result shows that temperature of radiation thermometry is sensitive to the spectral response wavelength of pyrometer, and the simulated temperature of pyrometer agrees well with the experimental measurements on a suitable wavelength. The simulated temperature was lower than the real temperature of surface for one-color pyrometer, and it could be higher or lower than the real one for two-color pyrometer with the influence of participating media.
文摘Participating media are frequent in real-world scenes,whether they contain milk,fruit juice,oil,or muddy water in a river or the ocean.Incoming light interacts with these participating media in complex ways:refraction at boundaries and scattering and absorption inside volumes.The radiative transfer equation is the key to solving this problem.There are several categories of rendering methods which are all based on this equation,but using different solutions.In this paper,we introduce these groups,which include volume density estimation based approaches,virtual point/ray/beam lights,point based approaches,Monte Carlo based approaches,acceleration techniques,accurate single scattering methods,neural network based methods,and spatially-correlated participating media related methods.As well as discussing these methods,we consider the challenges and open problems in this research area.
文摘In the modal analysis and control of nonlinear dynamical systems,participation factors(PFs)of state variables with respect to a critical or selected mode serve as a pivotal tool for simplifying stability studies by focusing on a subset of highly influential state variables.For linear systems,PFs are uniquely determined by the mode’s composition and shape,which are defined by the system’s left and right eigenvectors,respectively.However,the uniqueness of other types of PFs has not been thoroughly addressed in literatures.This paper establishes sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of nonlinear PFs and five other PF variants,taking into account uncertain scaling factors in a mode’s shape and composition.These scaling factors arise from variations in the choice of physical units,which depend on the value ranges of real-world state variables.Understanding these sufficient conditions is essential for the correct application of PFs in practical stability analysis and control design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61972194 and 62032011)。
文摘We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed of sparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles.The particle size is expected to range from the scale of the wavelength to several orders of magnitude greater,resulting in an appearance with distinct graininess as opposed to the smooth appearance of continuous media.One fundamental issue in the physically-based synthesis of such appearance is to determine the necessary optical properties in every local region.Since these properties vary spatially,we resort to geometrical optics approximation(GOA),a highly efficient alternative to rigorous Lorenz–Mie theory,to quantitatively represent the scattering of a single particle.This enables us to quickly compute bulk optical properties for any particle size distribution.We then use a practical Monte Carlo rendering solution to solve energy transfer in the discrete participating media.Our proposed framework is the first to simulate a wide range of discrete participating media with different levels of graininess,converging to the continuous media case as the particle concentration increases.
基金funded by Peking University Sixth Hospital(BDLYYLZL2024-01)the Capital Health Development Research Project Program of China(2014-4-4112).
文摘To the editor:Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruptions in thinking,affecting language,perception and the sense of self. These disruptions can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function socially and occupationally, leading to a high burden on both the individuals affected and society as a whole.
文摘Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environmental protection,it has become a general consensus that ecosystems need to be protected by relying on local guardians with broad societal support and participation.
基金Sponsored by Research Team Project of Anhui Xinhua University(kytd202202)Supported Project of Innovation Training Program for College Students in Anhui Province(S202212216126140,S202212216135,S202212216144&AH202112216114)Key Project of Science Research Program for Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province(Natural Sciences)(2022AH051861&2024AH050601).
文摘With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental degradation has significantly impacted the ecological environment quality of urban residents.This study,taking 10 communities in Hefei as samples,integrates bibliometric analysis(Citespace),vegetation quadrat surveys,and resident satisfaction questionnaires to quantify the implementation pathways of biodiversity,low-carbon society,and therapeutic landscapes in community habitat design.Key findings reveal that the high-carbon-sequestration plant combination of Liriope spicata and Pittosporum tobira can mitigate urban heat island effects,while the aromatic plant assemblage of Cinnamomum camphorum and Osmanthus fragrans demonstrates notable stress-reduction benefits.Monoculture planting,however,leads to reduced pollinator populations.Based on these outcomes,a“4-3-2”design framework is proposed,which stands for 4 ecological indicators(greening rate≥40%,native plants≥60%,non-motorized transport coverage rate 100%,and therapeutic facilities≥2),3 types of spatial strategies(ecological network infiltration,low-carbon travel strategy,and therapeutic landscape creation),and 2 major participation mechanisms(resident environmental council and plant-adoption incentive program).This study provides a quantifiable and operational framework for urban community habitat improvement.
文摘Spring is the time for new life.The 2025 China Fashion Week(Spring)commenced on March 28th.This event focused on culture,creativity,andchanges in the fashion industry.The event featured nearly 230 brands and 270 designers from l2 coun-tries,showcasing an impressive array of new products and over l60 fashionshowed,highlighting the vibrant creativity of Chinese design.
