In Chinese, dependency analysis has been shown to be a powerful syntactic parser because the order of phrases in a sentence is relatively free compared with English. Conventional dependency parsers require a number of...In Chinese, dependency analysis has been shown to be a powerful syntactic parser because the order of phrases in a sentence is relatively free compared with English. Conventional dependency parsers require a number of sophisticated rules that have to be handcrafted by linguists, and are too cumbersome to maintain. To solve the problem, a parser using SVM (Support Vector Machine) is introduced. First, a new strategy of dependency analysis is proposed. Then some chosen feature types are used for learning and for creating the modification matrix using SVM. Finally, the dependency of phrases in the sentence is generated. Experiments conducted to analyze how each type of feature affects parsing accuracy, showed that the model can increase accuracy of the dependency parser by 9.2%.展开更多
In order to obtain information or discover knowledge from system logs,the first step is to performlog parsing,whereby unstructured raw logs can be transformed into a sequence of structured events.Although comprehensiv...In order to obtain information or discover knowledge from system logs,the first step is to performlog parsing,whereby unstructured raw logs can be transformed into a sequence of structured events.Although comprehensive studies on log parsing have been conducted in recent years,most assume that one event object corresponds to a single-line message.However,in a growing number of scenarios,one event object spans multiple lines in the log,for which parsing methods toward single-line events are not applicable.In order to address this problem,this paper proposes an automated log parsing method for multiline events(LPME).LPME finds multiline event objects via iterative scanning,driven by a set of heuristic rules derived from practice.The advantage of LPME is that it proposes a cohesion-based evaluation method for multiline events and a bottom-up search approach that eliminates the process of enumerating all combinations.We analyze the algorithmic complexity of LPME and validate it on four datasets from different backgrounds.Evaluations show that the actual time complexity of LPME parsing for multiline events is close to the constant time,which enables it to handle large-scale sample inputs.On the experimental datasets,the performance of LPME achieves 1.0 for recall,and the precision is generally higher than 0.9,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed LPME.展开更多
We study CFG parse tree enumeration in this paper. By dividing the set of all parse trees into infinite hierarchies according to height of parse tree, the hierarchical lexicographic order on the set of parse trees is ...We study CFG parse tree enumeration in this paper. By dividing the set of all parse trees into infinite hierarchies according to height of parse tree, the hierarchical lexicographic order on the set of parse trees is established. Then grammar-based algorithms for counting and enumerating CFG parse trees in this order are presented. To generate a parse tree of height n, the time complexity is O（n）. If τ is a lowest parse tree for its yield, then O（n） =O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）, where ｜｜τ｜｜ is the length of the sentence （yield） generated by τ. The sentence can be obtained as a by-product of the parse tree. To compute sentence from its parse tree （needn＇t be lowest one）, the time complexity is O（node）＋O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）, where node is the number of non-leaf nodes of parse tree τ. To generate both a complete lowest parse tree and its yield at the same time, the time complexity is O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）.展开更多
This paper proposes a tree kernel method of semantic relation detection and classification （RDC） between named entities. It resolves two critical problems in previous tree kernel methods of RDC. First, a new tree ke...This paper proposes a tree kernel method of semantic relation detection and classification （RDC） between named entities. It resolves two critical problems in previous tree kernel methods of RDC. First, a new tree kernel is presented to better capture the inherent structural information in a parse tree by enabling the standard convolution tree kernel with context-sensitiveness and approximate matching of sub-trees. Second, an enriched parse tree structure is proposed to well derive necessary structural information, e.g., proper latent annotations, from a parse tree. Evaluation on the ACE RDC corpora shows that both the new tree kernel and the enriched parse tree structure contribute significantly to RDC and our tree kernel method much outperforms the state-of-the-art ones.展开更多
This paper explores a tree kernel based method for semantic role labeling （SRL） of Chinese nominal predicates via a convolution tree kernel. In particular, a new parse tree representation structure, called dependenc...This paper explores a tree kernel based method for semantic role labeling （SRL） of Chinese nominal predicates via a convolution tree kernel. In particular, a new parse tree representation structure, called dependency-driven constituent parse tree （D-CPT）, is proposed to combine the advantages of both constituent and dependence parse trees. This is achieved by directly representing various kinds of dependency relations in a CPT-style structure, which employs dependency relation types instead of phrase labels in CPT （Constituent Parse Tree）. In this way, D-CPT not only keeps the dependency relationship information in the dependency parse tree （DPT） structure but also retains the basic hierarchical structure of CPT style. Moreover, several schemes are designed to extract various kinds of necessary information, such as the shortest path between the nominal predicate and the argument candidate, the support verb of the nominal predicate and the head argument modified by the argument candidate, from D-CPT. This largely reduces the noisy information inherent in D-CPT. Finally, a convolution tree kernel is employed to compute the similarity between two parse trees. Besides, we also implement a feature-based method based on D-CPT. Evaluation on Chinese NomBank corpus shows that our tree kernel based method on D-CPT performs significantly better than other tree kernel-based ones and achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art feature-based ones. This indicates the effectiveness of the novel D-CPT structure in representing various kinds of dependency relations in a CPT-style structure and our tree kernel based method in exploring the novel D-CPT structure. This also illustrates that the kernel-based methods are competitive and they are complementary with the feature- based methods on SRL.展开更多
Analyzing the syntactic structure of natural languages by parsing is an important task in artificial intelligence. Due to the complexity of natural languages, individual parsers tend to make different yet complementar...Analyzing the syntactic structure of natural languages by parsing is an important task in artificial intelligence. Due to the complexity of natural languages, individual parsers tend to make different yet complementary errors. We propose a neural network based approach to combine parses from different parsers to yield a more accurate parse than individual ones. Unlike conventional approaches, our method directly transforms linearized candidate parses into the ground-truth parse. Experiments on the Penn English Treebank show that the proposed method improves over a state-of-the-art parser combination approach significantly.展开更多
A log is a text message that is generated in various services,frameworks,and programs.The majority of log data mining tasks rely on log parsing as the first step,which transforms raw logs into formatted log templates....A log is a text message that is generated in various services,frameworks,and programs.The majority of log data mining tasks rely on log parsing as the first step,which transforms raw logs into formatted log templates.Existing log parsing approaches often fail to effectively handle the trade-off between parsing quality and performance.In view of this,in this paper,we present Multi-Layer Parser(ML-Parser),an online log parser that runs in a streaming manner.Specifically,we present a multi-layer structure in log parsing to strike a balance between efficiency and effectiveness.Coarse-grained tokenization and a fast similarity measure are applied for efficiency while fine-grained tokenization and an accurate similarity measure are used for effectiveness.In experiments,we compare ML-Parser with two existing online log parsing approaches,Drain and Spell,on ten real-world datasets,five labeled and five unlabeled.On the five labeled datasets,we use the proportion of correctly parsed logs to measure the accuracy,and ML-Parser achieves the highest accuracy on four datasets.On the whole ten datasets,we use Loss metric to measure the parsing quality.ML-Parse achieves the highest quality on seven out of the ten datasets while maintaining relatively high efficiency.展开更多
AIM:To establish a risk prediction model for secondary cataract within 2y after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:Clinical data of patients with primary ...AIM:To establish a risk prediction model for secondary cataract within 2y after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:Clinical data of patients with primary RRD treated at the Shenzhen Eye Hospital were retrospectively collected.Twenty-four potential influencing factors,including patient characteristics and surgical factors,were selected for analysis.Independent risk factors for secondary cataract were identified through univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression analysis.A risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,area under the ROC curve(AUC),calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA)curves.RESULTS:The 386 cases(389 eyes)of patients who underwent PPV and had complete surgical records were ultimately included.Within a 2-year longitudinal observation,41.39%of patients developed cataract secondary to PPV.Logistic regression results identified a history of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=1.78,95%CI:1.002–3.163,P=0.049],silicone oil tamponade(OR=3.667,95%CI:2.373–5.667,P=0.000),and lens thickness(OR=1.978,95%CI:1.129–3.464,P=0.017)as independent risk factors for cataract secondary to PPV.The constructed nomogram achieved AUC=0.6974.Calibration plots indicated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes,while DCA curves demonstrated the model’s clinical utility.CONCLUSION:By incorporating a history of hypertension,vitreous substitute type,and lens thickness,this study constructs a prediction model with moderate discriminative ability.This model offers a valuable tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients early,potentially allowing for more timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met th...Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met the inclusion criteria.The participants reccived RCP vaccinc twice intramuscularly(on days 0 and 21)and intranasally on day 51.Safety was assessed up to 6 months after the second dose.Immunogenicity was assessed on days 35,90,and 180 by measuring ncutralizing antibody levels as well as anti-RBD and anti-S,IgG antibodies.Results:Among the 26 volunteers,22 were in the age group of 5-11 years,and 4 were in the agc group of 12-17 years.No grade 3 or higher local or systemic adverse reactions were reported one weck after vaccination.Sixabnormal laboratory findings were observed after both vaccine doses,none of which were classified as grade 3 or higher.During a total follow-up period of 3875 person-years,31 adverse events were recorded(incidence rate:0.008).The scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBD and anti-S:IgGantibodies two wecks after recciving the second dose were 72.7%,76.2%and 80.9%,respectively.In the 5-11 year agc group,the scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBDand anti-S_(1) were 78.9%,83.3%and 88.9%,respectively.Conclusions:Intramuscular and intranasal administration of the RCPvaccine did not lead to scrious adverse events in any of the children or adolescents.The vaccine clicited a robust response in the 5-11 year age group two wecks after the second dose.Considering that this group reccived half of the adult vaccine dose,these results support the suitability of this dose for the study group.展开更多
As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building ...As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building the SFO-KG from Chinese unstructured data,extracting Chinese entity relations is the fundamental step.Although Relation Extraction(RE)methods in the English field have been extensively studied and developed earlier than their Chinese counterparts,their direct application to Chinese texts faces significant challenges due to linguistic distinctions such as unique grammar,pictographic characters,and prevalent polysemy.The absence of comprehensive reviews on Chinese RE research progress necessitates a systematic investigation.A thorough review of Chinese RE has been conducted from four methodological approaches:pipeline RE,joint entityrelation extraction,open domain RE,and multimodal RE techniques.In addition,we further analyze the essential research infrastructure,including specialized datasets,evaluation benchmarks,and competitions within Chinese RE research.Finally,the current research challenges and development trends in the field of Chinese RE were summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of ecological construction methods for datasets,open domain RE,N-ary RE,and RE based on large language models.This comprehensive review aims to facilitate SFO-KG construction and its practical applications in SFO resource management.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.M...AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 50 eyes from 49 patients diagnosed with ERM,who were highly myopic and underwent PPV were retrospectively analyzed.The patients with ERM were classified into five groups based on the characteristics associated with different levels of myopic traction maculopathy.Group 1:Simple ERM without complex vertical and tangential direction traction on retina on optical coherence tomography(OCT)image;Group 2:ERM with obvious macular foveal schisis,without macular hole(MH);Group 3:ERM with inner lamellar MH,with or without macular foveal schisis;Group 4:ERM with outer lamellar MH,with or without foveal retinal detachment(RD);Group 5:ERM with full-thickness MH.Baseline characteristics,changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after surgery,and anatomical characteristics through spectral domain OCT were compared.RESULTS:The 50 eyes were followed for 6mo,with an average age of 58.66y and an average axial length(AL)of 28.69 mm.Among the five groups,postoperative logMAR BCVA improved(P<0.05).Group 1 had better mean BCVA at baseline(0.59±0.36)and at 6mo postoperatively(0.16±0.22)compared to the other groups,while Group 5 had worse mean BCVA at baseline(1.68±0.45)and at 6mo postoperatively(1.27±0.64).There were no statistically significant differences in sex,age or AL between the groups(P>0.05).OCT showed that Groups 4 and 5 exhibited poorer macular anatomy compared to the other three groups,as evidenced by lower rates of central retinal reattachment(64.3%in Group 4,86.7%in Group 5)and integrity of the inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptor junction(28.6%in Group 4,26.7%in Group 5).CONCLUSION:PPV is an effective treatment for ERM in patients with HM.All groups showed postoperative improvement in BCVA compared to preoperative levels,demonstrating the necessity of surgical intervention.Early intervention,particularly before the fourth stage of the disease,may lead to better visual outcomes.展开更多
AIM:To summarize 10 surgical pearls for managing proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)adapted from the ancient Chinese allusions and analyze the application of these pearls in a real-world fashion.METHODS:Retrospect...AIM:To summarize 10 surgical pearls for managing proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)adapted from the ancient Chinese allusions and analyze the application of these pearls in a real-world fashion.METHODS:Retrospective,noncomparative,interventional study.Ten surgical pearls were summarized and adapted from the ancient Chinese philosophy.Totally 346 cases(443 eyes)that underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)at our hospial from January 2016 to February 2024 were selected.Flexible combinations of these pearls were applied according to the specific condition of each patient during surgeries.The efficacy and safety were analyzed,as well as the application frequencies according to the existence of tractional retinal detachment or not.RESULTS:A total of 473 times of surgeries were performed on all the patients.According to ancient Chinese allusions,ten surgical pearls were summarized from these surgeries.All PPVs went smoothly with the application of different combinations.Finally,almost all proliferative membranes were successfully peeled except for 10 patients(11 eyes),who went through strategy No.10(minimal membranectomy)that,only necessary relaxation incisions were made with most of the proliferative membranes left on purpose.The final visual acuities were mostly improved or stable(1.92±0.83 LogMAR preoperatively vs 1.16±0.85 LogMAR postoperatively,P<0.01).Postoperative complications mainly included early inflammatory responses in the anterior chamber and nuclear sclerosis.Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and hyphema or neovascular glaucoma occurred in 1.9%(9/473),3.2%(15/473),0.4%(2/473)and 0.4%(2/473)times of PPVs,respectively.After 12/473(2.5%)times of PPVs,retinal detachment at the macular area still existed,and multiple times of subsequent PPVs were conducted.Final retinal attachment at the macular area was realized in 98.9%eyes.Those 5 unattached eyes were with heavily reproliferated membranes and subsequent tractional retinal detachment recurrence under the oil,and three of them were scleral buckled additionally.CONCLUSION:These 10 surgical strategies and technique pearls were mostly effective and safe in the management of severe PDR patients.They were relatively easy to be memorized and applicated once the meaning of each Chinese idiom was understood.One can use different combinations flexibly according to a patient’s specific condition.展开更多
Due to the necessity for lightweight and efficient network models, deploying semantic segmentation models on mobile robots (MRs) is a formidable task. The fundamental limitation of the problem lies in the training per...Due to the necessity for lightweight and efficient network models, deploying semantic segmentation models on mobile robots (MRs) is a formidable task. The fundamental limitation of the problem lies in the training performance, the ability to effectively exploit the dataset, and the ability to adapt to complex environments when deploying the model. By utilizing the knowledge distillation techniques, the article strives to overcome the above challenges with the inheritance of the advantages of both the teacher model and the student model. More precisely, the ResNet152-PSP-Net model’s characteristics are utilized to train the ResNet18-PSP-Net model. Pyramid pooling blocks are utilized to decode multi-scale feature maps, creating a complete semantic map inference. The student model not only preserves the strong segmentation performance from the teacher model but also improves the inference speed of the prediction results. The proposed method exhibits a clear advantage over conventional convolutional neural network (CNN) models, as evident from the conducted experiments. Furthermore, the proposed model also shows remarkable improvement in processing speed when compared with light-weight models such as MobileNetV2 and EfficientNet based on latency and throughput parameters. The proposed KD-SegNet model obtains an accuracy of 96.3% and a mIoU (mean Intersection over Union) of 77%, outperforming the performance of existing models by more than 15% on the same training dataset. The suggested method has an average training time that is only 0.51 times less than same field models, while still achieving comparable segmentation performance. Hence, the semantic segmentation frames are collected, forming the motion trajectory for the system in the environment. Overall, this architecture shows great promise for the development of knowledge-based systems for MR’s navigation.展开更多
AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)com...AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.展开更多
Dear Editor,I diopathic macular telangiectasia(MacTel)type 1 is a retinal vascular disease characterized by abnormal dilation of macular capillaries,leading to metamorphopsia,progressive vision loss,and temporal scoto...Dear Editor,I diopathic macular telangiectasia(MacTel)type 1 is a retinal vascular disease characterized by abnormal dilation of macular capillaries,leading to metamorphopsia,progressive vision loss,and temporal scotoma enlargement.Currently,there is no standardized treatment protocol for MacTel type 1[1-2].Treatment outcomes can vary significantly among individuals,highlighting the ongoing need for further exploration of new and more effective treatment options.This paper presents a case of refractory macular edema associated with MacTel type 1,which showed a favorable response to pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling.展开更多
文摘In Chinese, dependency analysis has been shown to be a powerful syntactic parser because the order of phrases in a sentence is relatively free compared with English. Conventional dependency parsers require a number of sophisticated rules that have to be handcrafted by linguists, and are too cumbersome to maintain. To solve the problem, a parser using SVM (Support Vector Machine) is introduced. First, a new strategy of dependency analysis is proposed. Then some chosen feature types are used for learning and for creating the modification matrix using SVM. Finally, the dependency of phrases in the sentence is generated. Experiments conducted to analyze how each type of feature affects parsing accuracy, showed that the model can increase accuracy of the dependency parser by 9.2%.
文摘In order to obtain information or discover knowledge from system logs,the first step is to performlog parsing,whereby unstructured raw logs can be transformed into a sequence of structured events.Although comprehensive studies on log parsing have been conducted in recent years,most assume that one event object corresponds to a single-line message.However,in a growing number of scenarios,one event object spans multiple lines in the log,for which parsing methods toward single-line events are not applicable.In order to address this problem,this paper proposes an automated log parsing method for multiline events(LPME).LPME finds multiline event objects via iterative scanning,driven by a set of heuristic rules derived from practice.The advantage of LPME is that it proposes a cohesion-based evaluation method for multiline events and a bottom-up search approach that eliminates the process of enumerating all combinations.We analyze the algorithmic complexity of LPME and validate it on four datasets from different backgrounds.Evaluations show that the actual time complexity of LPME parsing for multiline events is close to the constant time,which enables it to handle large-scale sample inputs.On the experimental datasets,the performance of LPME achieves 1.0 for recall,and the precision is generally higher than 0.9,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed LPME.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60273023, 60721061)
文摘We study CFG parse tree enumeration in this paper. By dividing the set of all parse trees into infinite hierarchies according to height of parse tree, the hierarchical lexicographic order on the set of parse trees is established. Then grammar-based algorithms for counting and enumerating CFG parse trees in this order are presented. To generate a parse tree of height n, the time complexity is O（n）. If τ is a lowest parse tree for its yield, then O（n） =O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）, where ｜｜τ｜｜ is the length of the sentence （yield） generated by τ. The sentence can be obtained as a by-product of the parse tree. To compute sentence from its parse tree （needn＇t be lowest one）, the time complexity is O（node）＋O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）, where node is the number of non-leaf nodes of parse tree τ. To generate both a complete lowest parse tree and its yield at the same time, the time complexity is O（｜｜τ｜｜ ＋ 1）.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60873150,60970056 and 90920004
文摘This paper proposes a tree kernel method of semantic relation detection and classification （RDC） between named entities. It resolves two critical problems in previous tree kernel methods of RDC. First, a new tree kernel is presented to better capture the inherent structural information in a parse tree by enabling the standard convolution tree kernel with context-sensitiveness and approximate matching of sub-trees. Second, an enriched parse tree structure is proposed to well derive necessary structural information, e.g., proper latent annotations, from a parse tree. Evaluation on the ACE RDC corpora shows that both the new tree kernel and the enriched parse tree structure contribute significantly to RDC and our tree kernel method much outperforms the state-of-the-art ones.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61331011 and 61273320the National High Technology Research and Development 863 Program of China under Grant No.2012AA011102the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education under Grant No.10KJB520016
文摘This paper explores a tree kernel based method for semantic role labeling （SRL） of Chinese nominal predicates via a convolution tree kernel. In particular, a new parse tree representation structure, called dependency-driven constituent parse tree （D-CPT）, is proposed to combine the advantages of both constituent and dependence parse trees. This is achieved by directly representing various kinds of dependency relations in a CPT-style structure, which employs dependency relation types instead of phrase labels in CPT （Constituent Parse Tree）. In this way, D-CPT not only keeps the dependency relationship information in the dependency parse tree （DPT） structure but also retains the basic hierarchical structure of CPT style. Moreover, several schemes are designed to extract various kinds of necessary information, such as the shortest path between the nominal predicate and the argument candidate, the support verb of the nominal predicate and the head argument modified by the argument candidate, from D-CPT. This largely reduces the noisy information inherent in D-CPT. Finally, a convolution tree kernel is employed to compute the similarity between two parse trees. Besides, we also implement a feature-based method based on D-CPT. Evaluation on Chinese NomBank corpus shows that our tree kernel based method on D-CPT performs significantly better than other tree kernel-based ones and achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art feature-based ones. This indicates the effectiveness of the novel D-CPT structure in representing various kinds of dependency relations in a CPT-style structure and our tree kernel based method in exploring the novel D-CPT structure. This also illustrates that the kernel-based methods are competitive and they are complementary with the feature- based methods on SRL.
文摘Analyzing the syntactic structure of natural languages by parsing is an important task in artificial intelligence. Due to the complexity of natural languages, individual parsers tend to make different yet complementary errors. We propose a neural network based approach to combine parses from different parsers to yield a more accurate parse than individual ones. Unlike conventional approaches, our method directly transforms linearized candidate parses into the ground-truth parse. Experiments on the Penn English Treebank show that the proposed method improves over a state-of-the-art parser combination approach significantly.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61672163.
文摘A log is a text message that is generated in various services,frameworks,and programs.The majority of log data mining tasks rely on log parsing as the first step,which transforms raw logs into formatted log templates.Existing log parsing approaches often fail to effectively handle the trade-off between parsing quality and performance.In view of this,in this paper,we present Multi-Layer Parser(ML-Parser),an online log parser that runs in a streaming manner.Specifically,we present a multi-layer structure in log parsing to strike a balance between efficiency and effectiveness.Coarse-grained tokenization and a fast similarity measure are applied for efficiency while fine-grained tokenization and an accurate similarity measure are used for effectiveness.In experiments,we compare ML-Parser with two existing online log parsing approaches,Drain and Spell,on ten real-world datasets,five labeled and five unlabeled.On the five labeled datasets,we use the proportion of correctly parsed logs to measure the accuracy,and ML-Parser achieves the highest accuracy on four datasets.On the whole ten datasets,we use Loss metric to measure the parsing quality.ML-Parse achieves the highest quality on seven out of the ten datasets while maintaining relatively high efficiency.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818103207015)the SanMing Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202311012).
文摘AIM:To establish a risk prediction model for secondary cataract within 2y after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).METHODS:Clinical data of patients with primary RRD treated at the Shenzhen Eye Hospital were retrospectively collected.Twenty-four potential influencing factors,including patient characteristics and surgical factors,were selected for analysis.Independent risk factors for secondary cataract were identified through univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression analysis.A risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,area under the ROC curve(AUC),calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA)curves.RESULTS:The 386 cases(389 eyes)of patients who underwent PPV and had complete surgical records were ultimately included.Within a 2-year longitudinal observation,41.39%of patients developed cataract secondary to PPV.Logistic regression results identified a history of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=1.78,95%CI:1.002–3.163,P=0.049],silicone oil tamponade(OR=3.667,95%CI:2.373–5.667,P=0.000),and lens thickness(OR=1.978,95%CI:1.129–3.464,P=0.017)as independent risk factors for cataract secondary to PPV.The constructed nomogram achieved AUC=0.6974.Calibration plots indicated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes,while DCA curves demonstrated the model’s clinical utility.CONCLUSION:By incorporating a history of hypertension,vitreous substitute type,and lens thickness,this study constructs a prediction model with moderate discriminative ability.This model offers a valuable tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients early,potentially allowing for more timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.
基金supported by the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute(RVSRI)Karaj,Iran,(No.17-18-18-063-01047-011130).
文摘Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met the inclusion criteria.The participants reccived RCP vaccinc twice intramuscularly(on days 0 and 21)and intranasally on day 51.Safety was assessed up to 6 months after the second dose.Immunogenicity was assessed on days 35,90,and 180 by measuring ncutralizing antibody levels as well as anti-RBD and anti-S,IgG antibodies.Results:Among the 26 volunteers,22 were in the age group of 5-11 years,and 4 were in the agc group of 12-17 years.No grade 3 or higher local or systemic adverse reactions were reported one weck after vaccination.Sixabnormal laboratory findings were observed after both vaccine doses,none of which were classified as grade 3 or higher.During a total follow-up period of 3875 person-years,31 adverse events were recorded(incidence rate:0.008).The scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBD and anti-S:IgGantibodies two wecks after recciving the second dose were 72.7%,76.2%and 80.9%,respectively.In the 5-11 year agc group,the scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBDand anti-S_(1) were 78.9%,83.3%and 88.9%,respectively.Conclusions:Intramuscular and intranasal administration of the RCPvaccine did not lead to scrious adverse events in any of the children or adolescents.The vaccine clicited a robust response in the 5-11 year age group two wecks after the second dose.Considering that this group reccived half of the adult vaccine dose,these results support the suitability of this dose for the study group.
文摘As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building the SFO-KG from Chinese unstructured data,extracting Chinese entity relations is the fundamental step.Although Relation Extraction(RE)methods in the English field have been extensively studied and developed earlier than their Chinese counterparts,their direct application to Chinese texts faces significant challenges due to linguistic distinctions such as unique grammar,pictographic characters,and prevalent polysemy.The absence of comprehensive reviews on Chinese RE research progress necessitates a systematic investigation.A thorough review of Chinese RE has been conducted from four methodological approaches:pipeline RE,joint entityrelation extraction,open domain RE,and multimodal RE techniques.In addition,we further analyze the essential research infrastructure,including specialized datasets,evaluation benchmarks,and competitions within Chinese RE research.Finally,the current research challenges and development trends in the field of Chinese RE were summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of ecological construction methods for datasets,open domain RE,N-ary RE,and RE based on large language models.This comprehensive review aims to facilitate SFO-KG construction and its practical applications in SFO resource management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371084).
文摘AIM:To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in patients with high myopia(HM),focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 50 eyes from 49 patients diagnosed with ERM,who were highly myopic and underwent PPV were retrospectively analyzed.The patients with ERM were classified into five groups based on the characteristics associated with different levels of myopic traction maculopathy.Group 1:Simple ERM without complex vertical and tangential direction traction on retina on optical coherence tomography(OCT)image;Group 2:ERM with obvious macular foveal schisis,without macular hole(MH);Group 3:ERM with inner lamellar MH,with or without macular foveal schisis;Group 4:ERM with outer lamellar MH,with or without foveal retinal detachment(RD);Group 5:ERM with full-thickness MH.Baseline characteristics,changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after surgery,and anatomical characteristics through spectral domain OCT were compared.RESULTS:The 50 eyes were followed for 6mo,with an average age of 58.66y and an average axial length(AL)of 28.69 mm.Among the five groups,postoperative logMAR BCVA improved(P<0.05).Group 1 had better mean BCVA at baseline(0.59±0.36)and at 6mo postoperatively(0.16±0.22)compared to the other groups,while Group 5 had worse mean BCVA at baseline(1.68±0.45)and at 6mo postoperatively(1.27±0.64).There were no statistically significant differences in sex,age or AL between the groups(P>0.05).OCT showed that Groups 4 and 5 exhibited poorer macular anatomy compared to the other three groups,as evidenced by lower rates of central retinal reattachment(64.3%in Group 4,86.7%in Group 5)and integrity of the inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptor junction(28.6%in Group 4,26.7%in Group 5).CONCLUSION:PPV is an effective treatment for ERM in patients with HM.All groups showed postoperative improvement in BCVA compared to preoperative levels,demonstrating the necessity of surgical intervention.Early intervention,particularly before the fourth stage of the disease,may lead to better visual outcomes.
文摘AIM:To summarize 10 surgical pearls for managing proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)adapted from the ancient Chinese allusions and analyze the application of these pearls in a real-world fashion.METHODS:Retrospective,noncomparative,interventional study.Ten surgical pearls were summarized and adapted from the ancient Chinese philosophy.Totally 346 cases(443 eyes)that underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)at our hospial from January 2016 to February 2024 were selected.Flexible combinations of these pearls were applied according to the specific condition of each patient during surgeries.The efficacy and safety were analyzed,as well as the application frequencies according to the existence of tractional retinal detachment or not.RESULTS:A total of 473 times of surgeries were performed on all the patients.According to ancient Chinese allusions,ten surgical pearls were summarized from these surgeries.All PPVs went smoothly with the application of different combinations.Finally,almost all proliferative membranes were successfully peeled except for 10 patients(11 eyes),who went through strategy No.10(minimal membranectomy)that,only necessary relaxation incisions were made with most of the proliferative membranes left on purpose.The final visual acuities were mostly improved or stable(1.92±0.83 LogMAR preoperatively vs 1.16±0.85 LogMAR postoperatively,P<0.01).Postoperative complications mainly included early inflammatory responses in the anterior chamber and nuclear sclerosis.Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and hyphema or neovascular glaucoma occurred in 1.9%(9/473),3.2%(15/473),0.4%(2/473)and 0.4%(2/473)times of PPVs,respectively.After 12/473(2.5%)times of PPVs,retinal detachment at the macular area still existed,and multiple times of subsequent PPVs were conducted.Final retinal attachment at the macular area was realized in 98.9%eyes.Those 5 unattached eyes were with heavily reproliferated membranes and subsequent tractional retinal detachment recurrence under the oil,and three of them were scleral buckled additionally.CONCLUSION:These 10 surgical strategies and technique pearls were mostly effective and safe in the management of severe PDR patients.They were relatively easy to be memorized and applicated once the meaning of each Chinese idiom was understood.One can use different combinations flexibly according to a patient’s specific condition.
基金funded by Hanoi University of Science and Technology(HUST)under project number T2023-PC-008.
文摘Due to the necessity for lightweight and efficient network models, deploying semantic segmentation models on mobile robots (MRs) is a formidable task. The fundamental limitation of the problem lies in the training performance, the ability to effectively exploit the dataset, and the ability to adapt to complex environments when deploying the model. By utilizing the knowledge distillation techniques, the article strives to overcome the above challenges with the inheritance of the advantages of both the teacher model and the student model. More precisely, the ResNet152-PSP-Net model’s characteristics are utilized to train the ResNet18-PSP-Net model. Pyramid pooling blocks are utilized to decode multi-scale feature maps, creating a complete semantic map inference. The student model not only preserves the strong segmentation performance from the teacher model but also improves the inference speed of the prediction results. The proposed method exhibits a clear advantage over conventional convolutional neural network (CNN) models, as evident from the conducted experiments. Furthermore, the proposed model also shows remarkable improvement in processing speed when compared with light-weight models such as MobileNetV2 and EfficientNet based on latency and throughput parameters. The proposed KD-SegNet model obtains an accuracy of 96.3% and a mIoU (mean Intersection over Union) of 77%, outperforming the performance of existing models by more than 15% on the same training dataset. The suggested method has an average training time that is only 0.51 times less than same field models, while still achieving comparable segmentation performance. Hence, the semantic segmentation frames are collected, forming the motion trajectory for the system in the environment. Overall, this architecture shows great promise for the development of knowledge-based systems for MR’s navigation.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.202140183).
文摘AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission(No.24WXXT13)North Sichuan Medical College Doctor Start-up Fund Project(No.CBY24-QDA01).
文摘Dear Editor,I diopathic macular telangiectasia(MacTel)type 1 is a retinal vascular disease characterized by abnormal dilation of macular capillaries,leading to metamorphopsia,progressive vision loss,and temporal scotoma enlargement.Currently,there is no standardized treatment protocol for MacTel type 1[1-2].Treatment outcomes can vary significantly among individuals,highlighting the ongoing need for further exploration of new and more effective treatment options.This paper presents a case of refractory macular edema associated with MacTel type 1,which showed a favorable response to pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling.
