[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between stigma characteristics and outcrossing rate of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice lines. [Method] The stigma exsertion rate, sti...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between stigma characteristics and outcrossing rate of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice lines. [Method] The stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality of Chuang 5S, Yun 9S, Peiai 64 S, P88 S and Y58 S were analyzed. Using R608 as a male parent, outcrossing rate of these five PTGMS lines was determined. [Result]There were differences in stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality among five PTGMS lines. P88 S exhibited the best stigma characteristics and relatively strong stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 95.94%, stigma vitality coefficient of 2.71, outcrossing rate of 84.02% in the field. Peiai 64 s had the minimum stigma length（2.41 mm） and stigma width（1.10 mm） and the weakest stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 93.04%, outcrossing rate of 65.47%. Yun 9S,Y58 S and Chuang 5S displayed medium stigma characteristics, among which Yun9 S exhibited higher outcrossing rate than other two PTGMS lines. Correlation analysis showed that stigma exsertion rate, stigma length, stigma width, stigma area and stigma volume were significantly correlated to outcrossing rate（P〈0.05）, with correlation coefficients of 0.897, 0.934, 0.934, 0.939 and 0.937, respectively. However,there was no significant correlation between stigma vitality coefficient and outcrossing rate. [Conclusion] Based on stigma characteristics of five PTGMS lines, auxiliary pollination measures should be adopted reasonably to save production costs and improve hybrid rice seed yield.展开更多
[Objective] To breed and utilize the japonicalinous cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line Chunjiang 19A with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Method] Cbunjiang 16A was used as the female parent to cross ...[Objective] To breed and utilize the japonicalinous cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line Chunjiang 19A with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Method] Cbunjiang 16A was used as the female parent to cross with Indica-Japonica crossing material B125, which was used as male parent. Backcross breeding was contin- ued for consecutive generations to breed the CMS lines with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Result] Chunjiang 19A is a late medium Japonica CMS line with good fertility stability. The proportion of sterile plants and pollen abortion rates are 100% and the Cheng＇s index is 14. It is the japonicalinous CMS line with early flowering, partial stigma exsertion, high outcrossing rate, wide compatibility, high re- sistance to stripe disease and good combining ability. The hybrid rice combinations originated from Chunjiang 19A have strong tUlering ability, dominant heterosis, high resistance to stripe disease, great yield potential and good color change at mature stage. [Conclusion] The successful breeding of Chunjiang 19A laid good foundation for the breeding of Japonica hybrid rice and Indica-Japonica hybrid rice combinations with high seed production and dominant heterosis, showing a promising application prospect.展开更多
Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natura...Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.展开更多
Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in V...Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The microsatellite loci chosen for this study were highly polymorphic with the mean number of alleles per locus of 14.25. Individual mothers varied in their outcrosssing rate estimate from 15% to 95%, the overall outcrossing level in the arboretum was 47.9% and the contamination rate was 17.6%. The high selfing level was likely to result in marked inbreeding depression in the performance of open-pollinated seed lots. Open-pollinated seeds collected from such arboreta are not advisable because of its low genetic quality, although such arboreta may be useful for the seed production through large-scale manual pollination or collecting seeds only from trees or genotypes within the arboretum that have high outcrossing rates.展开更多
Outcrossing rate is an important determinant of cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)breeding and hybrid seed production for heterosis in soybean.Parental lines with a high outcrossing rate were screened for backcross breedin...Outcrossing rate is an important determinant of cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)breeding and hybrid seed production for heterosis in soybean.Parental lines with a high outcrossing rate were screened for backcross breeding to obtain the high outcrossing rate maintenance B-lines and sterile A-lines.Application in production practices will help to increase hybrid soybean production.In this study,JLCMS82B and JLCMS89B were selected as parents for the construction of outcrossing rate segregation populations,and the progeny-array approach(PAA)and glyphosate resistant gene markers were used to determine outcrossing rates.We found that:(1)The outcrossing rate between JLCMS82B and JLCMS89B was significantly different;(2)the outcrossing rate of the F2 segregating populations was a quantitative trait,though whether an additive or epistatic effect exists required analysis with a triple test intersection analysis;(3)agronomic traits correlated with outcrossing rate;outcrossing rate was the highest with plant height of about 84 cm,lower number of plant branches,earlier flowering time,larger angle between the branches and the main stem,and with more divergent plant morphology.Correlation analysis between agronomic traits and outcrossing rate can effectively guide the screening of parents with a high outcrossing rate.展开更多
An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations....An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.展开更多
Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the fact...Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.展开更多
Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a l...Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a long generation time,making the identification of agronomically important genes difficult,particularly in crops with a complex autopolyploid genome.In this study,we developed a method,OutcrossSeq,for mapping agronomically important loci in outcrossing crops based on whole-genome low-coverage resequencing of a large genetic population,and designed three computation algorithms in OutcrossSeq for different types of outcrossing populations.We applied OutcrossSeq to a tuberous root crop(sweet potato,autopolyploid),a tree crop(walnut tree,highly heterozygous diploid),and hybrid crops(double-cross populations)to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations,which enable precise identification of genomic loci underlying important agronomic traits.Candidate causative genes at these loci were detected based on functional clues.Taken together,our results indicate that OutcrossSeq is a robust and powerful method for identifying agronomically important genes in heterozygous species,including polyploids,in a cost-efficient way.The OutcrossSeq software and its instruction manual are available for downloading at www.xhhuanglab.cn/tool/OutcrossSeq.html.展开更多
Constructing inbred lines for self-incompatible species and species with long generation times is challenging,making the use of F1 outcross/segregating populations the main strategy for genetic studies of such species...Constructing inbred lines for self-incompatible species and species with long generation times is challenging,making the use of F1 outcross/segregating populations the main strategy for genetic studies of such species.However,there is a lack of dedicated algorithms/tools for rapid quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping using the F1 populations.To this end,we have designed and developed an algorithm/tool called OcBSA specifically for QTL mapping of F1 populations.OcBSA transforms the four-haplotype inheritance problem from the two heterozygous diploid parents of the F1 population into the two-haplotype inheritance problem common in current genetic studies by removing the two haplotypes from the heterozygous parent that do not contribute to phenotype segregation in the F1 population.Testing of OcBSA on 1800 simulated F1 populations demonstrated its advantages over other currently available tools in terms of sensitivity and accuracy.In addition,the broad applicability of OcBSA was validated by QTL mapping using seven reported F1 populations of apple,pear,peach,citrus,grape,tea,and rice.We also used OcBSA to map the QTL for flower color in a newly constructed F1 population of potato generated in this study.The OcBSA mapping result was verified by the insertion or deletion markers to be consistent with a previously reported locus harboring the ANTHOCYANIN 2 gene,which regulates potato flower color.Taken together,these results highlight the power and broad utility of OcBSA for QTL mapping using F1 populations and thus a great potential for functional gene mining in outcrossing species.For ease of use,we have developed both Windows and Linux versions of OcBSA,which are freely available at:https://gitee.com/Bioinformaticslab/OcBSA.展开更多
Family outcrossing rates of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea populations that differed in origin and management were estimated by using isozyme markers. The family outcrossing rates were estimated by (1)fixing the probabi...Family outcrossing rates of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea populations that differed in origin and management were estimated by using isozyme markers. The family outcrossing rates were estimated by (1)fixing the probability of pollen gene frequency (p); (2) allowing pollen gene frequency to vary among families. The estimates of family outcrossing rates for all the populations varied widely among families (clones of the seed orchard), ranging from 0.39 to 2.0. The average family outcrossing rates of both m...展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2014BAD06B07)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between stigma characteristics and outcrossing rate of photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice lines. [Method] The stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality of Chuang 5S, Yun 9S, Peiai 64 S, P88 S and Y58 S were analyzed. Using R608 as a male parent, outcrossing rate of these five PTGMS lines was determined. [Result]There were differences in stigma exsertion rate, stigma size and stigma vitality among five PTGMS lines. P88 S exhibited the best stigma characteristics and relatively strong stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 95.94%, stigma vitality coefficient of 2.71, outcrossing rate of 84.02% in the field. Peiai 64 s had the minimum stigma length（2.41 mm） and stigma width（1.10 mm） and the weakest stigma vitality, with the stigma exsertion rate of 93.04%, outcrossing rate of 65.47%. Yun 9S,Y58 S and Chuang 5S displayed medium stigma characteristics, among which Yun9 S exhibited higher outcrossing rate than other two PTGMS lines. Correlation analysis showed that stigma exsertion rate, stigma length, stigma width, stigma area and stigma volume were significantly correlated to outcrossing rate（P〈0.05）, with correlation coefficients of 0.897, 0.934, 0.934, 0.939 and 0.937, respectively. However,there was no significant correlation between stigma vitality coefficient and outcrossing rate. [Conclusion] Based on stigma characteristics of five PTGMS lines, auxiliary pollination measures should be adopted reasonably to save production costs and improve hybrid rice seed yield.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program ofChina (863 Program) (2010AA101301)the Program of Breeding and Experimental Demonstration of Super Hybrid Rice in China from Ministry of Agriculture+1 种基金the 0406 Program of Zhejiang Provincethe Fundamental Research Fund of China National RiceResearch Institute (2009RG001-5)~~
文摘[Objective] To breed and utilize the japonicalinous cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line Chunjiang 19A with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Method] Cbunjiang 16A was used as the female parent to cross with Indica-Japonica crossing material B125, which was used as male parent. Backcross breeding was contin- ued for consecutive generations to breed the CMS lines with wide compatibility and high outcrossing rate. [Result] Chunjiang 19A is a late medium Japonica CMS line with good fertility stability. The proportion of sterile plants and pollen abortion rates are 100% and the Cheng＇s index is 14. It is the japonicalinous CMS line with early flowering, partial stigma exsertion, high outcrossing rate, wide compatibility, high re- sistance to stripe disease and good combining ability. The hybrid rice combinations originated from Chunjiang 19A have strong tUlering ability, dominant heterosis, high resistance to stripe disease, great yield potential and good color change at mature stage. [Conclusion] The successful breeding of Chunjiang 19A laid good foundation for the breeding of Japonica hybrid rice and Indica-Japonica hybrid rice combinations with high seed production and dominant heterosis, showing a promising application prospect.
基金Supported by the National Science-technology Support Plan Project(2014BAD06B07)the Agricultural Special Fund of the Department of Finance of Hunan Provincethe Innovation Project of Hunan Province(XCX15148)~~
文摘Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.
基金This study was supported by State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, P. R. China (No.2001430007)
文摘Four pairs of microsatellite molecular polymorphism primers were used to analyse microsatellite fingerprints of 188 seedlings derived from an open-pollinated progeny grafted Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The microsatellite loci chosen for this study were highly polymorphic with the mean number of alleles per locus of 14.25. Individual mothers varied in their outcrosssing rate estimate from 15% to 95%, the overall outcrossing level in the arboretum was 47.9% and the contamination rate was 17.6%. The high selfing level was likely to result in marked inbreeding depression in the performance of open-pollinated seed lots. Open-pollinated seeds collected from such arboreta are not advisable because of its low genetic quality, although such arboreta may be useful for the seed production through large-scale manual pollination or collecting seeds only from trees or genotypes within the arboretum that have high outcrossing rates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (31301399)the Major Project for Science and Technology Development of Jilin Province, China (20170201001NY)the Agricultural Science Technology Innovation Project of Jilin Province, China (CXGC2017TD002)
文摘Outcrossing rate is an important determinant of cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)breeding and hybrid seed production for heterosis in soybean.Parental lines with a high outcrossing rate were screened for backcross breeding to obtain the high outcrossing rate maintenance B-lines and sterile A-lines.Application in production practices will help to increase hybrid soybean production.In this study,JLCMS82B and JLCMS89B were selected as parents for the construction of outcrossing rate segregation populations,and the progeny-array approach(PAA)and glyphosate resistant gene markers were used to determine outcrossing rates.We found that:(1)The outcrossing rate between JLCMS82B and JLCMS89B was significantly different;(2)the outcrossing rate of the F2 segregating populations was a quantitative trait,though whether an additive or epistatic effect exists required analysis with a triple test intersection analysis;(3)agronomic traits correlated with outcrossing rate;outcrossing rate was the highest with plant height of about 84 cm,lower number of plant branches,earlier flowering time,larger angle between the branches and the main stem,and with more divergent plant morphology.Correlation analysis between agronomic traits and outcrossing rate can effectively guide the screening of parents with a high outcrossing rate.
文摘An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.
文摘Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.
基金We are grateful to Prof.Lars M.Steinmetz for the Tn5 plasmid.This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0100902 to X.H.,2018YFD1000701 and 2019YFD1000703 to J.Y.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31825015 to X.H.)+4 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(18XD1402900 to X.H.)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-02-E00039 to X.H.)the Shanghai Municipal Afforestation&City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Administration(G182402,G192413,G192414,and G202402 to J.Y.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(to J.Y.)the State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding support Program(CAFYBB2019ZY001 to D.P.).
文摘Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a long generation time,making the identification of agronomically important genes difficult,particularly in crops with a complex autopolyploid genome.In this study,we developed a method,OutcrossSeq,for mapping agronomically important loci in outcrossing crops based on whole-genome low-coverage resequencing of a large genetic population,and designed three computation algorithms in OutcrossSeq for different types of outcrossing populations.We applied OutcrossSeq to a tuberous root crop(sweet potato,autopolyploid),a tree crop(walnut tree,highly heterozygous diploid),and hybrid crops(double-cross populations)to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations,which enable precise identification of genomic loci underlying important agronomic traits.Candidate causative genes at these loci were detected based on functional clues.Taken together,our results indicate that OutcrossSeq is a robust and powerful method for identifying agronomically important genes in heterozygous species,including polyploids,in a cost-efficient way.The OutcrossSeq software and its instruction manual are available for downloading at www.xhhuanglab.cn/tool/OutcrossSeq.html.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grants 31972411,32102386,32102382,and 32201870)the Central Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China.
文摘Constructing inbred lines for self-incompatible species and species with long generation times is challenging,making the use of F1 outcross/segregating populations the main strategy for genetic studies of such species.However,there is a lack of dedicated algorithms/tools for rapid quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping using the F1 populations.To this end,we have designed and developed an algorithm/tool called OcBSA specifically for QTL mapping of F1 populations.OcBSA transforms the four-haplotype inheritance problem from the two heterozygous diploid parents of the F1 population into the two-haplotype inheritance problem common in current genetic studies by removing the two haplotypes from the heterozygous parent that do not contribute to phenotype segregation in the F1 population.Testing of OcBSA on 1800 simulated F1 populations demonstrated its advantages over other currently available tools in terms of sensitivity and accuracy.In addition,the broad applicability of OcBSA was validated by QTL mapping using seven reported F1 populations of apple,pear,peach,citrus,grape,tea,and rice.We also used OcBSA to map the QTL for flower color in a newly constructed F1 population of potato generated in this study.The OcBSA mapping result was verified by the insertion or deletion markers to be consistent with a previously reported locus harboring the ANTHOCYANIN 2 gene,which regulates potato flower color.Taken together,these results highlight the power and broad utility of OcBSA for QTL mapping using F1 populations and thus a great potential for functional gene mining in outcrossing species.For ease of use,we have developed both Windows and Linux versions of OcBSA,which are freely available at:https://gitee.com/Bioinformaticslab/OcBSA.
文摘Family outcrossing rates of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea populations that differed in origin and management were estimated by using isozyme markers. The family outcrossing rates were estimated by (1)fixing the probability of pollen gene frequency (p); (2) allowing pollen gene frequency to vary among families. The estimates of family outcrossing rates for all the populations varied widely among families (clones of the seed orchard), ranging from 0.39 to 2.0. The average family outcrossing rates of both m...
