摘要
荃211S是以不育系1892S为母本,不育系03S为父本杂交选育的优质不育系,广泛应用于品种选育。本文介绍了该不育系的特征特性、配组应用及高产制种技术。该不育系属于无花粉型,稃尖无色,柱头白色,株型紧凑、茎秆粗、韧性强,精米率高,其所配组的杂交种米质优、抗性好,市场应用前景广泛。目前,以荃211S为母本配组的审定品种有荃两优粤苗、荃两优985等27个。高产制种技术包括选择温度、光照等自然条件良好,海拔不超过300 m的丘陵山区,播种期在6月,始穗期安排在8月中下旬;播种前进行浸种、催芽等处理;选择土壤肥沃、光照充足的田块作秧田,母本用种量在22.5~27.0 kg/hm^(2),父本用种量在4~8 kg/hm^(2);遵循重基肥、控氮肥、合理施用送嫁肥的原则进行秧田的水肥管理;大田制种时,采用时间(抽穗时间相差25 d)和空间隔离(物理距离100 m)方式进行隔离,保证母本基本苗数不低于30万穴/hm^(2),父本基本苗数不低于3万穴/hm^(2),科学肥水管理,依肥力定肥量,严控尿素施用;稻瘟病、二化螟和稗草等病虫草害以预防为主,按关键期轮换用药(30%氯虫苯甲酰胺、75%三环唑等)保证制种成效;始穗期的前26 d进行花期预测和调整;喷施赤霉素GA3创造父母本有利授粉态势,施后第4天进行人工辅助授粉,施后28 d左右进行收割;收割后利用自然晾晒、卧式烘干和烤烟房等烘干方式进行烘干,使用精选机进行选种。本文为该不育系的进一步推广应用提供参考。
Quan 211S is a high quality sterile line developed through hybridization of sterile line 1892S as the female parent and sterile line 03S as the male parent.It is widely used in variety breeding.The characteristics of this sterile line,its combination application,and high yield seed production techniques were introduced.This sterile line belongs to the pollen-free type,with colorless glume tips and white stigmas.It has a compact plant type,thick and strong stems,and a high milled rice rate.The hybrid varieties developed from it have excellent grain quality and good resistance,with broad market application prospects.Currently,there are 27 approved varieties developed using Quan 211S as the female parent,such as Quanliangyouyuemiao and Quanliangyou 985.The high yield seed production techniques include selecting hilly areas with good natural conditions such as temperature and light,and an altitude not exceeding 300 m,with a sowing period in June and the heading period arranged in the middle to late August.Before sowing,seed soaking and germination promotion treatments are carried out.Fertile and well-lit fields are selected as seedling fields,with a seed rate of 22.5 to 27.0 kg per hectare for the female parent and 4 to 8 kg per hectare for the male parent.Water and fertilizer management in the seedling fields follows the principles of heavy base fertilizer,controlled nitrogen fertilizer,and proper application of transplanting fertilizer.In the field seed production,isolation is achieved through time(a 25 day difference in heading time)and space(a physical distance of 100 m)methods to ensure that the basic seedlings of the female parent are no less than 300000 per hectare and those of the male parent are no less than 30000 per hectare.Scientific water and fertilizer management is implemented,with fertilizer application determined by soil fertility and strict control of urea application.Diseases,pests,and weeds such as rice blast,rice stem borer,and barnyard grass are mainly prevented,and drugs are alternated at critical periods(such as 30%chlorantraniliprole and 75%tricyclazole)to ensure seed production success.Flowering period prediction and adjustment are conducted 26 days before the heading period.Gibberellin GA3 is sprayed to create a favorable pollination environment for both parents,and artificial pollination is carried out on the fourth day after application.Harvesting is done around 28 days after application.After harvesting,the seeds are dried through natural sun-drying,horizontal drying,and tobacco curing rooms,and selected using a seed selection machine.This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of this sterile line.
作者
吕加林
崔会会
高胜从
史昆
朱昌栋
苏祥忠
潘华
章志寒
LYU Jialin;CUI Huihui;GAO Shengcong;SHI Kun;ZHU Changdong;SU Xiangzhong;PAN Hua;ZHANG Zhihan(Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice New Variety Creation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Win-all Hi-tech Seed Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第24期14-19,共6页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
安徽省科技创新攻坚计划项目“超高产多抗杂交稻品种选育及应用”(202423m10050002)。
关键词
高异交率
两系
不育系
荃211S
制种技术
high outcrossing rate
two-line
sterile line
Quan 211S
seed production technology
