Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cult...Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cultivation, as Cd contamination in rice grains poses serious health risks, such as kidney damage, skeletal issues, and cancer (Noor et al., 2024). Cd enters the rice plant primarily through Cd-contaminated soil and subsequently accumulates in various tissues, including grains. Unfortunately, minimizing Cd accumulation in rice grains remains a significant challenge despite extensive efforts (Zou et al., 2021). Among various mitigation strategies, breeding and promoting low-Cd rice varieties represents the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to minimize Cd exposure in human diets. Considering the importance of this issue, researchers have explored agronomic interventions, but their limited success highlights the urgency for genetic solutions. Consequently, in recent years, intensive research efforts have been directed toward developing low-Cd rice varieties, leading to the identification of promising genetic solutions to reduce Cd levels in rice. More than 30 transporter genes have been identified as players for Cd transport in rice. Among them, OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA3 exert dominant effects on grain-Cd accumulation, while other transporters have minor effects on this process. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying grain-Cd accumulation remain largely elusive. Thus, deciphering the genetic network involved in grain-Cd accumulation is essential for the development of low-Cd rice varieties, offering a sustainable strategy to mitigate the risk associated with Cd accumulation in rice grain.展开更多
Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturiza...Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].展开更多
Significant progress has been achieved in the field of organic solar cells(OSCs). Most devices with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) exceeding 20% rely predominantly on active materials that incorporate D18 or its ...Significant progress has been achieved in the field of organic solar cells(OSCs). Most devices with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) exceeding 20% rely predominantly on active materials that incorporate D18 or its derivatives as the donor. In contrast, the PCEs over 20% have been realized as well for OSCs with the non-D18-based donor materials by simultaneously optimizing material properties, active layer morphologies and interface engineering, thereby demonstrating the potential to outperform D18 counterparts. Therefore, this review summarizes an overview of recent advancements in OSCs with the PCEs over20% utilizing the non-D18-based donor materials, and highlights three critical aspects including molecular design strategies,the active layer morphologies, and the interface optimization. Their synergistic roles are advantageous in enhancing the exciton dissociation, facilitating the charge transport, and suppressing the recombination losses, accordingly supporting the improved PCEs over 20%. Furthermore, the challenges and valuable insights are discussed, which can lead to improved efficiency, scalable fabrication, and enhanced environmental and thermal stability, potentially accelerating the commercialization of OSCs.展开更多
本文分析了单北斗时钟同步源背景下的授时配置方案,制定了时钟同步对接和传递方案,结合现网提出了光传送网络(Optical Transport Network,OTN)1588v2改造方案,包括技术和硬件改造方案,并通过实施案例验证了方案的有效性,同时提出了北斗...本文分析了单北斗时钟同步源背景下的授时配置方案,制定了时钟同步对接和传递方案,结合现网提出了光传送网络(Optical Transport Network,OTN)1588v2改造方案,包括技术和硬件改造方案,并通过实施案例验证了方案的有效性,同时提出了北斗智能多路分配系统优化思路。展开更多
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1200901)Research Programs from Jiangsu government(ZSBBL-KY2023-01,PAPD,and Qing Lan Project).
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cultivation, as Cd contamination in rice grains poses serious health risks, such as kidney damage, skeletal issues, and cancer (Noor et al., 2024). Cd enters the rice plant primarily through Cd-contaminated soil and subsequently accumulates in various tissues, including grains. Unfortunately, minimizing Cd accumulation in rice grains remains a significant challenge despite extensive efforts (Zou et al., 2021). Among various mitigation strategies, breeding and promoting low-Cd rice varieties represents the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to minimize Cd exposure in human diets. Considering the importance of this issue, researchers have explored agronomic interventions, but their limited success highlights the urgency for genetic solutions. Consequently, in recent years, intensive research efforts have been directed toward developing low-Cd rice varieties, leading to the identification of promising genetic solutions to reduce Cd levels in rice. More than 30 transporter genes have been identified as players for Cd transport in rice. Among them, OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA3 exert dominant effects on grain-Cd accumulation, while other transporters have minor effects on this process. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying grain-Cd accumulation remain largely elusive. Thus, deciphering the genetic network involved in grain-Cd accumulation is essential for the development of low-Cd rice varieties, offering a sustainable strategy to mitigate the risk associated with Cd accumulation in rice grain.
文摘Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3803300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20138 and 52173192)Hunan Provincial Major Basic Research Project (2025JC0004)。
文摘Significant progress has been achieved in the field of organic solar cells(OSCs). Most devices with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) exceeding 20% rely predominantly on active materials that incorporate D18 or its derivatives as the donor. In contrast, the PCEs over 20% have been realized as well for OSCs with the non-D18-based donor materials by simultaneously optimizing material properties, active layer morphologies and interface engineering, thereby demonstrating the potential to outperform D18 counterparts. Therefore, this review summarizes an overview of recent advancements in OSCs with the PCEs over20% utilizing the non-D18-based donor materials, and highlights three critical aspects including molecular design strategies,the active layer morphologies, and the interface optimization. Their synergistic roles are advantageous in enhancing the exciton dissociation, facilitating the charge transport, and suppressing the recombination losses, accordingly supporting the improved PCEs over 20%. Furthermore, the challenges and valuable insights are discussed, which can lead to improved efficiency, scalable fabrication, and enhanced environmental and thermal stability, potentially accelerating the commercialization of OSCs.
