Human brain organoids are 3-dimensional brain-like tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells and hold promising potential for modeling neurological,psychiatric,and developmental disorders.While the molecular a...Human brain organoids are 3-dimensional brain-like tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells and hold promising potential for modeling neurological,psychiatric,and developmental disorders.While the molecular and cellular aspects of human brain organoids have been intensively studied,their functional properties such as organoid neural networks(ONNs)are largely understudied.Here,we summarize recent research advances in understanding,characterization,and application of functional ONNs in human brain organoids.We first discuss the formation of ONNs and follow up with characterization strategies including microelectrode array(MEA)technology and calcium imaging.Moreover,we highlight recent studies utilizing ONNs to investigate neurological diseases such as Rett syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease.Finally,we provide our perspectives on the future challenges and opportunities for using ONNs in basic research and translational applications.展开更多
We report a feasible method to realize tun able surface plasm on-polarit on(SPP)res onance in orga nic light-emitt ing devices(OLEDs)by emplo ying corrugated Ag-Al alloy electrodes.The excited SPP res onance in duced ...We report a feasible method to realize tun able surface plasm on-polarit on(SPP)res onance in orga nic light-emitt ing devices(OLEDs)by emplo ying corrugated Ag-Al alloy electrodes.The excited SPP res onance in duced by the periodic corrugations can be precisely tuned based on the composition ratios of the Ag-Al alloy electrodes.With an appropriate composition ratio of the corrugated alloy electrode,the photons trapped in SPP modes are recovered and extracted effectively.The 25%in creaseme nt in luminance and 21%enhan ceme nt in curre nt efficie ncy have bee n achieved by using the corrugated Ag-Al alloy electrodes in OLEDs.展开更多
Fabricating n-type organic thin film transistors(OTFTs)based on small molecules via solution processing under atmospheric conditions remains challenging.Blending small molecules with polymer is an effective strategy t...Fabricating n-type organic thin film transistors(OTFTs)based on small molecules via solution processing under atmospheric conditions remains challenging.Blending small molecules with polymer is an effective strategy to improve the solution processibility and air stability of the resulted devices.In this study,polystyrene was chosen to blend with n-type small molecule DPP1012-4F to enhance the continuity of the semiconductor layer and maintain a favorable edge-on stacking of semiconductors.The introduction of high-boiling point 1-chloronaphthalene as a solvent additive in the blending system can reduce the grain boundary defects in the microscopic morphology.These changes in aggregation behavior are confirmed by X-ray diffraction,atomic force microscopy and polarized optical microscopy analyses.Via bar-coating of the semiconductor layers in air,the electron mobility of the resulted OTFTs under the optimal condition is 0.73 cm2·V–1·s–1,which is amongst the highest n-type small molecule-based OTFTs with active layers prepared in air up to now.These results show a great potential of the blending strategy in industrial roll-to-roll manufacture of high-mobility n-type OTFTs.展开更多
Elastic or plastic bendable organic crystals have attracted increasing attention in the field of crystal engineering.For the application of flexible materials,the applicable temperature range can not be ignored.Howeve...Elastic or plastic bendable organic crystals have attracted increasing attention in the field of crystal engineering.For the application of flexible materials,the applicable temperature range can not be ignored.However,studies on the flexible organic crystals reported so far have not involved the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of these materials.Here,organic crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene with phase-dependent mechanical properties over wide temperature ranges are reported.展开更多
Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission a...Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. In addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. Chronic hepatitis E occurs mainly in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus patients with low CD4 counts and in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Diagnosis is established by persistent elevation of hepatitis E virus RNA in the stool or serum. This population often requires treatment with antiviral agents, particularly ribavirin, as spontaneous clearance with reduction in immunosuppression occurs only in about a third of the patients. The purpose of this review, is to further discuss the clinical presentation, and recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic hepatitis E.展开更多
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(awards DP2AI160242 and U01DA056242).
文摘Human brain organoids are 3-dimensional brain-like tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells and hold promising potential for modeling neurological,psychiatric,and developmental disorders.While the molecular and cellular aspects of human brain organoids have been intensively studied,their functional properties such as organoid neural networks(ONNs)are largely understudied.Here,we summarize recent research advances in understanding,characterization,and application of functional ONNs in human brain organoids.We first discuss the formation of ONNs and follow up with characterization strategies including microelectrode array(MEA)technology and calcium imaging.Moreover,we highlight recent studies utilizing ONNs to investigate neurological diseases such as Rett syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease.Finally,we provide our perspectives on the future challenges and opportunities for using ONNs in basic research and translational applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants No.2020YFA0715000 and No.61825402.
文摘We report a feasible method to realize tun able surface plasm on-polarit on(SPP)res onance in orga nic light-emitt ing devices(OLEDs)by emplo ying corrugated Ag-Al alloy electrodes.The excited SPP res onance in duced by the periodic corrugations can be precisely tuned based on the composition ratios of the Ag-Al alloy electrodes.With an appropriate composition ratio of the corrugated alloy electrode,the photons trapped in SPP modes are recovered and extracted effectively.The 25%in creaseme nt in luminance and 21%enhan ceme nt in curre nt efficie ncy have bee n achieved by using the corrugated Ag-Al alloy electrodes in OLEDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773148).
文摘Fabricating n-type organic thin film transistors(OTFTs)based on small molecules via solution processing under atmospheric conditions remains challenging.Blending small molecules with polymer is an effective strategy to improve the solution processibility and air stability of the resulted devices.In this study,polystyrene was chosen to blend with n-type small molecule DPP1012-4F to enhance the continuity of the semiconductor layer and maintain a favorable edge-on stacking of semiconductors.The introduction of high-boiling point 1-chloronaphthalene as a solvent additive in the blending system can reduce the grain boundary defects in the microscopic morphology.These changes in aggregation behavior are confirmed by X-ray diffraction,atomic force microscopy and polarized optical microscopy analyses.Via bar-coating of the semiconductor layers in air,the electron mobility of the resulted OTFTs under the optimal condition is 0.73 cm2·V–1·s–1,which is amongst the highest n-type small molecule-based OTFTs with active layers prepared in air up to now.These results show a great potential of the blending strategy in industrial roll-to-roll manufacture of high-mobility n-type OTFTs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.51773077).
文摘Elastic or plastic bendable organic crystals have attracted increasing attention in the field of crystal engineering.For the application of flexible materials,the applicable temperature range can not be ignored.However,studies on the flexible organic crystals reported so far have not involved the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of these materials.Here,organic crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene with phase-dependent mechanical properties over wide temperature ranges are reported.
文摘Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. In addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. Chronic hepatitis E occurs mainly in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus patients with low CD4 counts and in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Diagnosis is established by persistent elevation of hepatitis E virus RNA in the stool or serum. This population often requires treatment with antiviral agents, particularly ribavirin, as spontaneous clearance with reduction in immunosuppression occurs only in about a third of the patients. The purpose of this review, is to further discuss the clinical presentation, and recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic hepatitis E.
