This study examines the influence of window size and ventilation strategies on the IAQ(indoor air quality)of public toilets in elementary schools within Dhaka City.Maintaining adequate IAQ in school toilets is crucial...This study examines the influence of window size and ventilation strategies on the IAQ(indoor air quality)of public toilets in elementary schools within Dhaka City.Maintaining adequate IAQ in school toilets is crucial,as poor air quality can pose significant health risks,including respiratory issues,discomfort,and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.Moreover,substandard IAQ can lead to unpleasant odors and poor sanitation,negatively impacting students’overall well-being and learning environment.The research evaluates key IAQ indicators,including carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))concentrations,humidity,and temperature,to determine the effectiveness of various ventilation setups.The study employs comparative analysis by varying window sizes and ventilation strategies,such as natural ventilation with different window opening percentages.Findings reveal that toilets with larger window areas and higher opening percentages achieve significantly improved natural ventilation,resulting in reduced levels of CO_(2)and SO_(2),lower humidity,and more stable temperatures.These improvements contribute to creating a more hygienic and comfortable environment.The results underscore the critical role of window design and placement in enhancing ventilation efficiency and minimizing pollutant buildup in public toilets.Based on these insights,the study provides actionable recommendations for optimizing window dimensions,placement,and ventilation strategies in the design of school toilets and facilities.By implementing these design improvements,schools can significantly enhance toilets sanitation,improve health outcomes for students,and create a more conducive learning environment.The findings offer practical solutions for addressing IAQ challenges in window design for architects and designers.展开更多
Mine refuge chambers are used to shield miners who fail to escape from the mine when incidents occur. Environment maintaining system plays a key role in stabilizing thermal environment of a mine refuge chamber against...Mine refuge chambers are used to shield miners who fail to escape from the mine when incidents occur. Environment maintaining system plays a key role in stabilizing thermal environment of a mine refuge chamber against heat emitted from metabolism and transferred from outside. The safety and comfort of refugees are closely related to the environment maintaining system design. In order to improve the comfort of refugees, optimization on the environment maintaining system has been done based on the previous work. To evaluate the environment of the chamber, eight volunteers were involved into the experiment. Under close observation and safety protection, they lived in a heat-isolated test chamber for 106 hours. The volunteers were asked to maintain low level of activities to simulate refugees＇ situation. It shows that the environment maintaining system worked well and the temperature, relative humidity and emitted harmful air content such as CO2 and CO were all kept in the safety level, and no discomfort was felt by volunteers at all.展开更多
文摘This study examines the influence of window size and ventilation strategies on the IAQ(indoor air quality)of public toilets in elementary schools within Dhaka City.Maintaining adequate IAQ in school toilets is crucial,as poor air quality can pose significant health risks,including respiratory issues,discomfort,and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.Moreover,substandard IAQ can lead to unpleasant odors and poor sanitation,negatively impacting students’overall well-being and learning environment.The research evaluates key IAQ indicators,including carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))concentrations,humidity,and temperature,to determine the effectiveness of various ventilation setups.The study employs comparative analysis by varying window sizes and ventilation strategies,such as natural ventilation with different window opening percentages.Findings reveal that toilets with larger window areas and higher opening percentages achieve significantly improved natural ventilation,resulting in reduced levels of CO_(2)and SO_(2),lower humidity,and more stable temperatures.These improvements contribute to creating a more hygienic and comfortable environment.The results underscore the critical role of window design and placement in enhancing ventilation efficiency and minimizing pollutant buildup in public toilets.Based on these insights,the study provides actionable recommendations for optimizing window dimensions,placement,and ventilation strategies in the design of school toilets and facilities.By implementing these design improvements,schools can significantly enhance toilets sanitation,improve health outcomes for students,and create a more conducive learning environment.The findings offer practical solutions for addressing IAQ challenges in window design for architects and designers.
文摘Mine refuge chambers are used to shield miners who fail to escape from the mine when incidents occur. Environment maintaining system plays a key role in stabilizing thermal environment of a mine refuge chamber against heat emitted from metabolism and transferred from outside. The safety and comfort of refugees are closely related to the environment maintaining system design. In order to improve the comfort of refugees, optimization on the environment maintaining system has been done based on the previous work. To evaluate the environment of the chamber, eight volunteers were involved into the experiment. Under close observation and safety protection, they lived in a heat-isolated test chamber for 106 hours. The volunteers were asked to maintain low level of activities to simulate refugees＇ situation. It shows that the environment maintaining system worked well and the temperature, relative humidity and emitted harmful air content such as CO2 and CO were all kept in the safety level, and no discomfort was felt by volunteers at all.
