摘要
该研究针对气候变化模拟中自由大气CO_(2)浓度增加和红外增温技术投入及运行成本高、波动大,而全封闭的环境模拟室对作物生长环境改变大的不利因素,对传统的开顶式气室(open-top chamber,OTC)系统加以改进,采用将OTC外部空气抽入内部交换过程中自动控制增补CO_(2)浓度及加热增温的方式来模拟未来大气中CO_(2)浓度及气温升高的情况,在早稻生育期内对其温度、CO_(2)浓度和空气相对湿度进行了监测,结果表明:可控温及CO_(2)的OTC内部的日平均温度控制偏差能达到±0.2℃以内,最大偏差为-0.58℃;对CO_(2)浓度的控制偏差范围在-39.4~4.8μL/L,达到了很好的控制效果,完全可以用于气候变化研究中模拟大气CO_(2)浓度及温度升高的情景。同时,该研究还对OTC内部的空气湿度进行了监测,其结果显示在不增温的情况下对空气相对湿度无影响,若增温,则OTC内部的空气相对湿度会增加2%左右。总体来说,可控温及CO_(2)的OTC技术可以用于稻田气候变化模拟试验研究。
Three kinds of climate change simulation devices are used for study elevated CO_(2) concentration and air temperature increase:1)Open system:Free Air CO_(2) Enrichment(FACE)with Infrared Heating(IH);2)Half-open system:Open-Top Chamber(OTC);3)Close system:Environment Chamber(EC).But the extremely high hardware and running cost of FACE and IH are the main restricts for their application.EC system cannot represent the really condition with large extent of crop growth environment change.Traditional OTC system with much lower cost has nearly the same growth condition for crop,but it is a passive temperature increasing system and has no CO_(2) addition.To well use the advantage of Half-open OTC technique for climate change simulation,we improved the traditional Open-Top Chamber(OTC)device by adding heating module,CO_(2) injection module and air exchange module.A hexagonal OTC was designed with 1.2m side length and 2.5m height,and the CO_(2) tank used for CO_(2) injection source and semiconductor sheet sealed for the heating system.Air heating and CO_(2) injection were automatically controlled when pumping outside air into OTC by fans to simulate the elevated air temperature and CO_(2) concentration scenario.We applied the improved OTC in early rice season,and the OTC was emplaced in the real rice paddy field without obstacle at the bottom for water supply.And air temperature,humidity and CO_(2) concentration were measured by every 2 min.The results showed that the difference of daily mean deviation of air temperature of the controlled OTC and the objective simulation temperature can be controlled less than±0.2℃with the largest difference of-0.58℃,and the controlled deviation of CO_(2) concentration was-39.4~4.8μL/L.This research indicated that the improved OTC can be applied to simulate the elevated air temperature and CO_(2) concentration of the future climate change scenario.Meanwhile,the relative humidity in improved OTC is also showed that relative humidity(RH)nearly has no change without temperature increase,and would increase by 2%if air temperature increased.In a word,this improved OTC device can be used to simulate elevated CO_(2) concentration and air temperature of early rice for climate change simulation research.
作者
万运帆
游松财
李玉娥
王斌
高清竹
秦晓波
刘硕
Wan Yunfan;You Songcai;Li Yue;Wang Bin;Gao Qingzhu;Qin Xiaobo;Liu Shuo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;The Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期123-130,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家"973"计划项目(2010CB951302)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039)
关键词
气候变化
二氧化碳
温度
开顶式气室
温度增加
CO_(2)浓度升高
原位模拟
climate change
carbon dioxide
temperature
open-top chamber
temperature increase
elevated CO_(2) concentration
simulation in situ
