Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma axe investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a br...Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma axe investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a branch-like fractal aggregation structure, which is related to the structure evolution of silicone oil liquid from Si-O chain to Silo network. The radicals from the dissociation of silicone oil molecule into the Ar plasma turns the plasma into a reactive environment. Therefore, the structural evolution of silicone oil liquid substrate and the reactive radicals in the plasma space become possible factors to affect the aggregation of nanopaxticles and also the structures and the compositions of nanopaxticles.展开更多
In this study, a method based on low temperature purification （LTP） coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed for the determination of abamectin （ABA） and ivermectin （...In this study, a method based on low temperature purification （LTP） coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed for the determination of abamectin （ABA） and ivermectin （IVR） in edible oils. ABA and IVR were extracted using conventional liquid-liquid extraction followed by purification via precipitation of interfering fatty components at low temperature without an additional cleanup step. LTP is simple, easy to use, labour-saving and cost effective, and requires reduced amounts of organic solvent. The linear ranges of ABA and IVR were 5- 1000 t^g/L using matrix-matched standards. Limits of detection （LOD） and limits of quantification （LOQ） were in the range of 0.1-0.4 i^g/kg and 0.3-1.3 p^g/kg, respectively. The LOQs were below the strictest maximum residue limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Recoveries at three spiked levels of 10, 20 and 100 i^g/kg in peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil and lard ranged from 71.1% to 119.3% with relative standard deviations of 3.2%-10.3%, which were in agreement with those obtained by the solid phase extraction method. The proposed method was utilized in the analysis of 10 edible oil samples from local market and neither ABA nor IVR was detected. As far as we know, this is the first time that LTP is applied to the determination of avermectins in edible oils.展开更多
Permeation of Cu（Ⅱ） from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane （SLM） containing di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid （D2EHPA） carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of C...Permeation of Cu（Ⅱ） from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane （SLM） containing di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid （D2EHPA） carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu（Ⅱ）, pH （in feed）, H2SO4 （stripping） and D2EHPA （in membrane） concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconut oil has also been evaluated. High Cu（Ⅱ） concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10^-9 to 8.9 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s） within the Cu（Ⅱ） concentration range 7.8×10^-4-78.6×10^-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s）. The optimum conditions for Cu（Ⅱ） transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA （membrane） in 0.5 μm pore size polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane. It has been observed that Cu（Ⅱ） flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu（Ⅱ）.展开更多
The rapeseed oil extracted from the mature seeds was purified by refining processing,and the rheological characteristic analysis of the viscosity and dynamic shear rate at gradient temperatures was made.The result sho...The rapeseed oil extracted from the mature seeds was purified by refining processing,and the rheological characteristic analysis of the viscosity and dynamic shear rate at gradient temperatures was made.The result shows that at 20,40,60 and 80 ℃ respectively,when the shear rate gradually rises,the torque increases accordingly but its viscosity does not vary distinctly.The result suggests that when rapeseed oil is used as the raw of edible oils and industries,the working procedures at high temperature will not influence its rheological characteristic distinctly.展开更多
On the basis of the characteristics of a highly emulsified solid-liquid phase （fine particles, sticky consistency,black color, and low reuse ratio）, waste rolling oily sludge has been a focal problem in the steel in...On the basis of the characteristics of a highly emulsified solid-liquid phase （fine particles, sticky consistency,black color, and low reuse ratio）, waste rolling oily sludge has been a focal problem in the steel industry. In this article, a solid-liquid phase separation and resource recycling process was described, with pilot test results showing that flocculation-sedimentation is an effective pretreatment, and that the filtration-coagulationvacuum distillation process is simple and feasible with a 53.5% recovery rate for regenerated oil that is qualified for return to the roiling production line. Then,solid phase oil-sludge was extracted by solvents with a 77% metal resource recovery rate and a wide utilization range. Finally, according to the experimental results, a set of feasibility plans for a 50 t/a waste rolling oily sludge solid-liquid separation and resource recycle project was designed, with the expectation of 50% regenerated oil yield, 70% solid metal resource recovery, and a 2. 5-year investment payback period.展开更多
Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oils catalyzed by five acidic ionic liquids with three cationic functional groups was investigated. The improvement of the catalytic activities was affected by various functional ...Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oils catalyzed by five acidic ionic liquids with three cationic functional groups was investigated. The improvement of the catalytic activities was affected by various functional groups including pyridine group, N- methylimidazole group, triethylamine group. Among them [C4SO3Hpy]HSO4 with pyridine group showed better catalytic activity with the biodiesel yield of 94.5%, and still yielded more than 90% after six successive uses. The possible mechanism was also discussed by two reaction paths in detail.展开更多
This paper describes flow visualization techniques employing surface oil flow and liquid crystal thermography suitable for use in impulse wind tunnels.High spatial resolution photographs of oil flow patterns and liqui...This paper describes flow visualization techniques employing surface oil flow and liquid crystal thermography suitable for use in impulse wind tunnels.High spatial resolution photographs of oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms have been obtained within test times ranging from 7 to 500 ms and have been shown to be very useful for revealing the detailed features of 3-D separated flow.The results from oil flow patterns,liquid crystal thermograms,schlieren photographs and heat flux measurements are shown to be in good agreement.展开更多
Green technology for the preparation of epoxidized soybean oil（ESBO） is of significance.The epoxidation of soybean oil with peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid as monom...Green technology for the preparation of epoxidized soybean oil（ESBO） is of significance.The epoxidation of soybean oil with peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid as monomers and SO3H-functional ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-（3-sulfopropyl）-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate（／[C3SO3HMIM／]／[HSO4／]） as catalyst was studied.The influence of stirring speed,hydrogen peroxide-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,acetic acid-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,catalyst loading and temperature on the relative percentage conversion to oxirane and the recycling properties of catalyst were examined.The rate constant and activation energy for epoxidation of soybean oil were found to be of the order of 10-5L/（mol·s） and 51.4kJ/mol,respectively.The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy,entropy and free energy of activation were found to be of 48.6kJ/mol,-191.7J/（mol·K） and 112.2kJ/mol,respectively.展开更多
In order to improve oil recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have been applied to several light and medium oil reservoirs. This research was directed towards the development of chemical flooding methods fo...In order to improve oil recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have been applied to several light and medium oil reservoirs. This research was directed towards the development of chemical flooding methods for such reservoirs. The main objective of this experimental work was to investigate the efficiency of introducing various types of Ionic Liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [BenzMIM][Cl], and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride [THTDPh][Cl] on the Recovery Factor (RF) of medium oil (Weyburn oil, 30.25 API°) at room temperature. The series of flooding experiments were carried out by introducing a slug of IL mixtures. Results demonstrated that maximum oil recovery factor was obtained when [EMIM][Cl] was added in the displacing fluid. Further investigations have been conducted to examine the effect of ILs concentrations on the recovery mechanisms by measuring Surface Tension (SFT), pH, and viscosity of the displacing phases. Finally, the effect of theses ILs in wettability alteration was examined.展开更多
The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_2) and light phase(pure CO_2) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from ...The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_2) and light phase(pure CO_2) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from Russia. The experimental results showed that the heavy oil hardly expanded when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 10%. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher than 26%, the volume of the heavy phase decreased, and the viscosity of the heavy phase increased exponentially as the light components extracted from the heavy oil exceeded the carbon dioxide saturated in the heavy oil. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, the effect of viscosity reducing to the heavy phase was the strongest. The density of the light and heavy phases, volume factor, and solubility of gas and flash viscosity of heavy phase all increased with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture. The best concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, when the heavy oil expanded the most and the viscosity of the heavy phase was the lowest. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was between 10% and 26%, the volume of the light phase was the smallest and the oil displacement effect was the best.展开更多
The recovery of heavy oil by water flooding is 10% lower than that of conventional crude oil, so enhanced oil recovery （EOR） is of great significance for heavy oil. In this paper, foam flooding with a gas-liquid rat...The recovery of heavy oil by water flooding is 10% lower than that of conventional crude oil, so enhanced oil recovery （EOR） is of great significance for heavy oil. In this paper, foam flooding with a gas-liquid ratio （GLR） of 0.2：1 for the Zhuangxi heavy oil （325 mPa.s at 55 ℃） was performed on cores, sand packs and plate model. In sand pack tests, polymer enhanced foam flooding increased oil recovery by 39.8%, which was 11.4% higher than that for alkali/surfactant/polymer （ASP） flooding under the same conditions. Polymer enhanced foam flooding in plate models shows that the low GLR foam flooding increased oil recovery by about 30%, even when the extended water flooding was finished at 90% water cut. Moreover, it was discovered by microscopy that foam was more stable in heavy oil than in light oil. These results confirm that low GLR foam flooding is a promising technology for displacing conventional heavy oil.展开更多
The basic methods of concentration and purification of liquid radioactive waste on the nuclear power plant are distillation and ionic exchange. During vaporization of oil waste products and the fulfilled washing solut...The basic methods of concentration and purification of liquid radioactive waste on the nuclear power plant are distillation and ionic exchange. During vaporization of oil waste products and the fulfilled washing solutions the part of oil passes into a condensate. Clearing of such condensate on ion-exchanged filters results to oiling of ion-exchanged materials and to decrease number of filter cycles. Due to the often regeneration of ion-exchanged filters additional volumes of waste products as the fulfilled reclaiming solutions, washing and loosening waters are formed. The attention of scientists was involved with methods of clearing of water environments from the organic substances, based on deep oxidizing transformations of hydrocarbons into carbonic gas and water. From processes of oxidation of hydrocarbons up to CO2 and H2O, sold at moderate conditions, our attention has involved photochemical oxidation with the help of UV-radiation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10975105,10575074 and 10635010)
文摘Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma axe investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a branch-like fractal aggregation structure, which is related to the structure evolution of silicone oil liquid from Si-O chain to Silo network. The radicals from the dissociation of silicone oil molecule into the Ar plasma turns the plasma into a reactive environment. Therefore, the structural evolution of silicone oil liquid substrate and the reactive radicals in the plasma space become possible factors to affect the aggregation of nanopaxticles and also the structures and the compositions of nanopaxticles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21305019)Special Fund forAgro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303088)President Fund of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.201218)
文摘In this study, a method based on low temperature purification （LTP） coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed for the determination of abamectin （ABA） and ivermectin （IVR） in edible oils. ABA and IVR were extracted using conventional liquid-liquid extraction followed by purification via precipitation of interfering fatty components at low temperature without an additional cleanup step. LTP is simple, easy to use, labour-saving and cost effective, and requires reduced amounts of organic solvent. The linear ranges of ABA and IVR were 5- 1000 t^g/L using matrix-matched standards. Limits of detection （LOD） and limits of quantification （LOQ） were in the range of 0.1-0.4 i^g/kg and 0.3-1.3 p^g/kg, respectively. The LOQs were below the strictest maximum residue limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Recoveries at three spiked levels of 10, 20 and 100 i^g/kg in peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil and lard ranged from 71.1% to 119.3% with relative standard deviations of 3.2%-10.3%, which were in agreement with those obtained by the solid phase extraction method. The proposed method was utilized in the analysis of 10 edible oil samples from local market and neither ABA nor IVR was detected. As far as we know, this is the first time that LTP is applied to the determination of avermectins in edible oils.
文摘Permeation of Cu（Ⅱ） from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane （SLM） containing di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid （D2EHPA） carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu（Ⅱ）, pH （in feed）, H2SO4 （stripping） and D2EHPA （in membrane） concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconut oil has also been evaluated. High Cu（Ⅱ） concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10^-9 to 8.9 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s） within the Cu（Ⅱ） concentration range 7.8×10^-4-78.6×10^-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s）. The optimum conditions for Cu（Ⅱ） transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA （membrane） in 0.5 μm pore size polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane. It has been observed that Cu（Ⅱ） flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu（Ⅱ）.
基金Project(2007CB210201) supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of ChinaProject(07JJ6053) supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The rapeseed oil extracted from the mature seeds was purified by refining processing,and the rheological characteristic analysis of the viscosity and dynamic shear rate at gradient temperatures was made.The result shows that at 20,40,60 and 80 ℃ respectively,when the shear rate gradually rises,the torque increases accordingly but its viscosity does not vary distinctly.The result suggests that when rapeseed oil is used as the raw of edible oils and industries,the working procedures at high temperature will not influence its rheological characteristic distinctly.
文摘On the basis of the characteristics of a highly emulsified solid-liquid phase （fine particles, sticky consistency,black color, and low reuse ratio）, waste rolling oily sludge has been a focal problem in the steel industry. In this article, a solid-liquid phase separation and resource recycling process was described, with pilot test results showing that flocculation-sedimentation is an effective pretreatment, and that the filtration-coagulationvacuum distillation process is simple and feasible with a 53.5% recovery rate for regenerated oil that is qualified for return to the roiling production line. Then,solid phase oil-sludge was extracted by solvents with a 77% metal resource recovery rate and a wide utilization range. Finally, according to the experimental results, a set of feasibility plans for a 50 t/a waste rolling oily sludge solid-liquid separation and resource recycle project was designed, with the expectation of 50% regenerated oil yield, 70% solid metal resource recovery, and a 2. 5-year investment payback period.
基金supports from the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(New Teachers)(No20100093120003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No JUSRP21112)
文摘Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oils catalyzed by five acidic ionic liquids with three cationic functional groups was investigated. The improvement of the catalytic activities was affected by various functional groups including pyridine group, N- methylimidazole group, triethylamine group. Among them [C4SO3Hpy]HSO4 with pyridine group showed better catalytic activity with the biodiesel yield of 94.5%, and still yielded more than 90% after six successive uses. The possible mechanism was also discussed by two reaction paths in detail.
文摘This paper describes flow visualization techniques employing surface oil flow and liquid crystal thermography suitable for use in impulse wind tunnels.High spatial resolution photographs of oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms have been obtained within test times ranging from 7 to 500 ms and have been shown to be very useful for revealing the detailed features of 3-D separated flow.The results from oil flow patterns,liquid crystal thermograms,schlieren photographs and heat flux measurements are shown to be in good agreement.
文摘Green technology for the preparation of epoxidized soybean oil（ESBO） is of significance.The epoxidation of soybean oil with peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid as monomers and SO3H-functional ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-（3-sulfopropyl）-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate（／[C3SO3HMIM／]／[HSO4／]） as catalyst was studied.The influence of stirring speed,hydrogen peroxide-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,acetic acid-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,catalyst loading and temperature on the relative percentage conversion to oxirane and the recycling properties of catalyst were examined.The rate constant and activation energy for epoxidation of soybean oil were found to be of the order of 10-5L/（mol·s） and 51.4kJ/mol,respectively.The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy,entropy and free energy of activation were found to be of 48.6kJ/mol,-191.7J/（mol·K） and 112.2kJ/mol,respectively.
文摘In order to improve oil recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have been applied to several light and medium oil reservoirs. This research was directed towards the development of chemical flooding methods for such reservoirs. The main objective of this experimental work was to investigate the efficiency of introducing various types of Ionic Liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [BenzMIM][Cl], and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride [THTDPh][Cl] on the Recovery Factor (RF) of medium oil (Weyburn oil, 30.25 API°) at room temperature. The series of flooding experiments were carried out by introducing a slug of IL mixtures. Results demonstrated that maximum oil recovery factor was obtained when [EMIM][Cl] was added in the displacing fluid. Further investigations have been conducted to examine the effect of ILs concentrations on the recovery mechanisms by measuring Surface Tension (SFT), pH, and viscosity of the displacing phases. Finally, the effect of theses ILs in wettability alteration was examined.
文摘The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_2) and light phase(pure CO_2) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from Russia. The experimental results showed that the heavy oil hardly expanded when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 10%. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher than 26%, the volume of the heavy phase decreased, and the viscosity of the heavy phase increased exponentially as the light components extracted from the heavy oil exceeded the carbon dioxide saturated in the heavy oil. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, the effect of viscosity reducing to the heavy phase was the strongest. The density of the light and heavy phases, volume factor, and solubility of gas and flash viscosity of heavy phase all increased with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture. The best concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, when the heavy oil expanded the most and the viscosity of the heavy phase was the lowest. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was between 10% and 26%, the volume of the light phase was the smallest and the oil displacement effect was the best.
基金support from the Innovation Team Program and New Century Excellent Talents Awards Program,the Ministry of Education of ChinaFok Ying Tung Education Foundation
文摘The recovery of heavy oil by water flooding is 10% lower than that of conventional crude oil, so enhanced oil recovery （EOR） is of great significance for heavy oil. In this paper, foam flooding with a gas-liquid ratio （GLR） of 0.2：1 for the Zhuangxi heavy oil （325 mPa.s at 55 ℃） was performed on cores, sand packs and plate model. In sand pack tests, polymer enhanced foam flooding increased oil recovery by 39.8%, which was 11.4% higher than that for alkali/surfactant/polymer （ASP） flooding under the same conditions. Polymer enhanced foam flooding in plate models shows that the low GLR foam flooding increased oil recovery by about 30%, even when the extended water flooding was finished at 90% water cut. Moreover, it was discovered by microscopy that foam was more stable in heavy oil than in light oil. These results confirm that low GLR foam flooding is a promising technology for displacing conventional heavy oil.
文摘The basic methods of concentration and purification of liquid radioactive waste on the nuclear power plant are distillation and ionic exchange. During vaporization of oil waste products and the fulfilled washing solutions the part of oil passes into a condensate. Clearing of such condensate on ion-exchanged filters results to oiling of ion-exchanged materials and to decrease number of filter cycles. Due to the often regeneration of ion-exchanged filters additional volumes of waste products as the fulfilled reclaiming solutions, washing and loosening waters are formed. The attention of scientists was involved with methods of clearing of water environments from the organic substances, based on deep oxidizing transformations of hydrocarbons into carbonic gas and water. From processes of oxidation of hydrocarbons up to CO2 and H2O, sold at moderate conditions, our attention has involved photochemical oxidation with the help of UV-radiation.
