Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of ...Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of the delimited energy limit of their sensor nodes.This is the reason why energy conservation is considered the main exploration worry for WSNs.For this energy-efficient routing is required to save energy and to subsequently drag out the lifetime of WSNs.In this report we use the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)method and are evaluated using the Genetic Algorithm(GA),based on the Detour non-split dominant set(GA)In this research,we use the energy efficiency returnee non-split dominating set(DNSDS).A set S⊆V is supposed to be a DNSDS of G when the graph G=(V,E)is expressed as both detours as well as a non-split dominating set of G.Let the detour non-split domination number be addressed asγ_dns(G)and is the minimum order of its detour non-split dominating set.Any DNSDS of orderγdns(G)is aγdns-set of G.Here,theγ_dns(G)of various standard graphs is resolved and some of its general properties are contemplated.A connected graph usually has an order n with detour non-split domination number as n or n–1 are characterized.Also connected graphs of order n≥4 and detour diameter D≤4 with detour non-split dominating number n or n−1 or n−2 are additionally portrayed.While considering any pair of positive integers to be specific a and b,there exists a connected graph G which is normally indicated as dn(G)=a,γ(G)=b andγdns(G)=a+b−2,hereγdns(G)indicates the detour domination number and dn(G)indicates the detour number of a graph.The time is taken for the construction and the size of DNSDS are considered for examining the performance of the proposed method.The simulation result confirms that the DNSDS nodes are energy efficient.展开更多
As a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) has been widely used in Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) based on the first order elec...As a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) has been widely used in Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) based on the first order electromagnetic wave equation. However, the PML boundary condition is difficult to apply in GPR Finite Element Time Domain (FETD) simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. This paper developed a non-split perfectly matched layer (NPML) boundary condition for GPR FETD simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. Taking two-dimensional TM wave equation as an example, the second order frequency domain equation of GPR was derived according to the definition of complex extending coordinate transformation. Then it transformed into time domain by means of auxiliary differential equation method, and its FETD equation is derived based on Galerkin method. On this basis, a GPR FETD forward program based on NPML boundary condition is developed. The merits of NPML boundary condition are certified by compared with wave field snapshots, signal and reflection errors of homogeneous medium model with split and non-split PML boundary conditions. The comparison demonstrated that the NPML algorithm can reduce memory occupation and improve calculation efficiency. Furthermore, numerical simulation of a complex model verifies the good absorption effects of the NPML boundary condition in complex structures.展开更多
This paper establishes an asymptotic formula with a power-saving error term for the number of rational points of bounded height on the singular cubic surface of P3 Qgiven by the following equation x0（x12+ x22）-x33= ...This paper establishes an asymptotic formula with a power-saving error term for the number of rational points of bounded height on the singular cubic surface of P3 Qgiven by the following equation x0（x12+ x22）-x33= 0 in agreement with the Manin-Peyre conjectures.展开更多
使用激波捕捉法求解以数学间断作为初始条件的无黏可压缩流场时,间断结构会逐渐演变为包含多个网格节点的数值过渡区,在此过程中会产生两个平行于间断且规则分布的非物理波动。使用捕捉法计算激波流场时,流场参数应满足修正方程,但作为...使用激波捕捉法求解以数学间断作为初始条件的无黏可压缩流场时,间断结构会逐渐演变为包含多个网格节点的数值过渡区,在此过程中会产生两个平行于间断且规则分布的非物理波动。使用捕捉法计算激波流场时,流场参数应满足修正方程,但作为初始条件进行计算的初始激波满足Euler方程,两者之间的矛盾是产生初始激波诱导非物理波动的原因。鉴于激波等间断是由特征型Euler方程定义的,从该方程出发构造了一种基于特征值迎风特性的通量计算格式(upwind flux scheme based on characteristics,UFSC),并采用若干种常规守恒型通量分裂格式作为参考。数值计算结果表明,UFSC可以消除Steger-Warming、Van Leer等矢通量分裂格式的初始接触间断诱导非物理波动,还可以减小初始激波诱导扰动的幅值。在光滑流场区域,UFSC和矢通量分裂格式的计算结果相近,但是在强激波附近会出现较大的压力尖峰。为克服这一缺陷,进一步构造了在激波区域和其他区域分别采用Steger-Warming格式和UFSC格式计算的混合通量计算格式UFSC+S,可以有效抑制初始激波诱导误差,提高计算精度。展开更多
文摘Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of the delimited energy limit of their sensor nodes.This is the reason why energy conservation is considered the main exploration worry for WSNs.For this energy-efficient routing is required to save energy and to subsequently drag out the lifetime of WSNs.In this report we use the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)method and are evaluated using the Genetic Algorithm(GA),based on the Detour non-split dominant set(GA)In this research,we use the energy efficiency returnee non-split dominating set(DNSDS).A set S⊆V is supposed to be a DNSDS of G when the graph G=(V,E)is expressed as both detours as well as a non-split dominating set of G.Let the detour non-split domination number be addressed asγ_dns(G)and is the minimum order of its detour non-split dominating set.Any DNSDS of orderγdns(G)is aγdns-set of G.Here,theγ_dns(G)of various standard graphs is resolved and some of its general properties are contemplated.A connected graph usually has an order n with detour non-split domination number as n or n–1 are characterized.Also connected graphs of order n≥4 and detour diameter D≤4 with detour non-split dominating number n or n−1 or n−2 are additionally portrayed.While considering any pair of positive integers to be specific a and b,there exists a connected graph G which is normally indicated as dn(G)=a,γ(G)=b andγdns(G)=a+b−2,hereγdns(G)indicates the detour domination number and dn(G)indicates the detour number of a graph.The time is taken for the construction and the size of DNSDS are considered for examining the performance of the proposed method.The simulation result confirms that the DNSDS nodes are energy efficient.
文摘As a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) has been widely used in Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) based on the first order electromagnetic wave equation. However, the PML boundary condition is difficult to apply in GPR Finite Element Time Domain (FETD) simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. This paper developed a non-split perfectly matched layer (NPML) boundary condition for GPR FETD simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. Taking two-dimensional TM wave equation as an example, the second order frequency domain equation of GPR was derived according to the definition of complex extending coordinate transformation. Then it transformed into time domain by means of auxiliary differential equation method, and its FETD equation is derived based on Galerkin method. On this basis, a GPR FETD forward program based on NPML boundary condition is developed. The merits of NPML boundary condition are certified by compared with wave field snapshots, signal and reflection errors of homogeneous medium model with split and non-split PML boundary conditions. The comparison demonstrated that the NPML algorithm can reduce memory occupation and improve calculation efficiency. Furthermore, numerical simulation of a complex model verifies the good absorption effects of the NPML boundary condition in complex structures.
基金supported by the program PRC 1457-Au For Di P(CNRS-NSFC)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11531008)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT16R43)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province
文摘This paper establishes an asymptotic formula with a power-saving error term for the number of rational points of bounded height on the singular cubic surface of P3 Qgiven by the following equation x0（x12+ x22）-x33= 0 in agreement with the Manin-Peyre conjectures.
文摘使用激波捕捉法求解以数学间断作为初始条件的无黏可压缩流场时,间断结构会逐渐演变为包含多个网格节点的数值过渡区,在此过程中会产生两个平行于间断且规则分布的非物理波动。使用捕捉法计算激波流场时,流场参数应满足修正方程,但作为初始条件进行计算的初始激波满足Euler方程,两者之间的矛盾是产生初始激波诱导非物理波动的原因。鉴于激波等间断是由特征型Euler方程定义的,从该方程出发构造了一种基于特征值迎风特性的通量计算格式(upwind flux scheme based on characteristics,UFSC),并采用若干种常规守恒型通量分裂格式作为参考。数值计算结果表明,UFSC可以消除Steger-Warming、Van Leer等矢通量分裂格式的初始接触间断诱导非物理波动,还可以减小初始激波诱导扰动的幅值。在光滑流场区域,UFSC和矢通量分裂格式的计算结果相近,但是在强激波附近会出现较大的压力尖峰。为克服这一缺陷,进一步构造了在激波区域和其他区域分别采用Steger-Warming格式和UFSC格式计算的混合通量计算格式UFSC+S,可以有效抑制初始激波诱导误差,提高计算精度。
