In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.In...In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.Instead of building univariate models for each response variable,we employed a multivariate approach using seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models.These models incorporated variables related to species mixture,tree and stand size,competition,and stand structure.With the inclusion of additional variables in the multivariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models,the accuracy of the height prediction models improved by over 10% for all species,whereas the improvement in the crown length models was considerably smaller.Our findings indicate that trees in mixed stands tend to have shorter heights but longer crowns than those in pure stands.We also observed that trees in homogeneous stand structures have shorter crown lengths than those in heterogeneous stands.By employing a multivariate mixed-effects modelling framework,we were able to perform cross-model random-effect predictions,leading to a significant increase in accuracy when both responses were used to calibrate the model.In contrast,the improvement in accuracy was marginal when only height was used for calibration.We demonstrate how multivariate mixed-effects models can be effectively used to develop multi-response allometric models that can be easily calibrated with a limited number of observations while simultaneously achieving better-aligned projections.展开更多
This study applied multilevel modeling to investigate the impact of observed predictors and different levels or groups that households belong, on parents’ choice of discipline methods using data from 8156 households ...This study applied multilevel modeling to investigate the impact of observed predictors and different levels or groups that households belong, on parents’ choice of discipline methods using data from 8156 households derived from a nationwide survey by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) in 2011. The aim of the study is to provide in-depth information on why parents choose particular discipline methods as corrective measures to reduce unwanted child behaviour in the present and to increase desirable ones in the future. The results of the study show that, religion and age-group of household heads have significant effect on household’s likelihood to choose physical discipline methods whereas the wealth index of a household and ethnicity of the household head, have significant effect on households’ likelihood to choose non-physical and psychological aggression methods. The results further show significant contextual effect on the differences in choices of parents at the household and regional levels. The choice of physical discipline methods by parents was consistent across households and regional levels unlike non-physical and psychological aggression methods whose application varied across the regions. Households in the Northern, Eastern and Volta regions mostly chose to apply physical discipline methods whereas in the Upper West, Western and Northern regions the most chosen discipline methods were non-physical discipline methods. Psychological aggression discipline methods were predominantly applied in the Upper East, Central and Northern regions of the country.展开更多
The ridge-cross rib microstructures of Carystoides escalantei butterfly wing scales have been reproduced by 2D and 3D models via the ANSYS software,and the structural analyses under tensile and bending deformation,as ...The ridge-cross rib microstructures of Carystoides escalantei butterfly wing scales have been reproduced by 2D and 3D models via the ANSYS software,and the structural analyses under tensile and bending deformation,as well as the relative failure analyses are performed for those models.It has been found that the curved model in which the ridges acted as triangular prisms while the cross-ribs acted as bend cuboids could simulate the real scale configuration more accurately.Besides,it also shows much more even stress distribution under deformation and better mechanical properties than the rectangular one,in which both ridges and cross-ribs are modeled as regular cuboids.展开更多
基金supported by the European Union and the Romanian Government through the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014–2020, under the project“Increasing the economic competitiveness of the forestry sector and the quality of life through knowledge transfer,technology and CDI skills”(CRESFORLIFE),ID P 40 380/105506, subsidiary contract no. 17/2020partially by the FORCLIMSOC Nucleu Programme (Contract 12N/2023)+2 种基金project PN 23090101CresPerfInst project (Contract 34PFE/December 30, 2021)“Increasing the institutional capacity and performance of INCDS ‘Marin Drǎcea’in RDI activities-CresPer”LM was financially supported by the Research Council of Finland's flagship ecosystem for Forest-Human-Machine Interplay–Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling Meaningful Experiences (UNITE)(decision number 357909)
文摘In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.Instead of building univariate models for each response variable,we employed a multivariate approach using seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models.These models incorporated variables related to species mixture,tree and stand size,competition,and stand structure.With the inclusion of additional variables in the multivariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models,the accuracy of the height prediction models improved by over 10% for all species,whereas the improvement in the crown length models was considerably smaller.Our findings indicate that trees in mixed stands tend to have shorter heights but longer crowns than those in pure stands.We also observed that trees in homogeneous stand structures have shorter crown lengths than those in heterogeneous stands.By employing a multivariate mixed-effects modelling framework,we were able to perform cross-model random-effect predictions,leading to a significant increase in accuracy when both responses were used to calibrate the model.In contrast,the improvement in accuracy was marginal when only height was used for calibration.We demonstrate how multivariate mixed-effects models can be effectively used to develop multi-response allometric models that can be easily calibrated with a limited number of observations while simultaneously achieving better-aligned projections.
文摘This study applied multilevel modeling to investigate the impact of observed predictors and different levels or groups that households belong, on parents’ choice of discipline methods using data from 8156 households derived from a nationwide survey by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) in 2011. The aim of the study is to provide in-depth information on why parents choose particular discipline methods as corrective measures to reduce unwanted child behaviour in the present and to increase desirable ones in the future. The results of the study show that, religion and age-group of household heads have significant effect on household’s likelihood to choose physical discipline methods whereas the wealth index of a household and ethnicity of the household head, have significant effect on households’ likelihood to choose non-physical and psychological aggression methods. The results further show significant contextual effect on the differences in choices of parents at the household and regional levels. The choice of physical discipline methods by parents was consistent across households and regional levels unlike non-physical and psychological aggression methods whose application varied across the regions. Households in the Northern, Eastern and Volta regions mostly chose to apply physical discipline methods whereas in the Upper West, Western and Northern regions the most chosen discipline methods were non-physical discipline methods. Psychological aggression discipline methods were predominantly applied in the Upper East, Central and Northern regions of the country.
文摘The ridge-cross rib microstructures of Carystoides escalantei butterfly wing scales have been reproduced by 2D and 3D models via the ANSYS software,and the structural analyses under tensile and bending deformation,as well as the relative failure analyses are performed for those models.It has been found that the curved model in which the ridges acted as triangular prisms while the cross-ribs acted as bend cuboids could simulate the real scale configuration more accurately.Besides,it also shows much more even stress distribution under deformation and better mechanical properties than the rectangular one,in which both ridges and cross-ribs are modeled as regular cuboids.
