Multi-layer pressure vessels are widely used in every field of high pressure technology.For the purpose of enhancing a vessels＇ load bearing capacity,a beneficial process like shrink-fit is usually employed.However,f...Multi-layer pressure vessels are widely used in every field of high pressure technology.For the purpose of enhancing a vessels＇ load bearing capacity,a beneficial process like shrink-fit is usually employed.However,few documents on optimum design for multi-layer shrink-fit vessels made of different strength materials can be found,available data are mainly on two-layer vessels.In this paper,an optimum design approach is developed for shrink-fit multi-layer vessels under ultrahigh pressure by using different materials.Maximum shear stress theory is applied as design criteria.The inner and outer radii of a multi-layer vessel,as well as the material of each layer,are assumed to be known.The optimization mathematical model is,thereby,built.Lagrange multipliers method is required to obtain the optimal design formula of wall ratio（ratio of outer to inner radii） of each layer,from which the optimum formulas of shrinkage pressure and radial interference are derived with the superposition principle employed.These formulas are applicable for the optimization design of all multi-layer vessels made of different materials,or same materials.The formulas of the limit working pressure and the contact pressure show that the optimum wall ratio of each layer and limit working pressure are only related to all selected material strength and unrelated to the position of the layer placement in the vessel.However,shrinkage pressure is related to the position of the layer placement in the vessel.Optimization design of an open ended shrink-fit three-layer vessel using different materials and comparisons proved that the optimized multi-layer vessels have outstanding characteristics of small radial interference and are easier for assembly.When the stress of each layer is distributed more evenly and appropriately,the load bearing capability and safety of vessels are enhanced.Therefore,this design is material-saving and cost-effective,and has prospect of engineering application.展开更多
The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical m...The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.展开更多
To conduct marine surveys,multiple unmanned surface vessels(Multi-USV)with different capabilities perform collaborative mapping in multiple designated areas.This paper proposes a task allocation algorithm based on int...To conduct marine surveys,multiple unmanned surface vessels(Multi-USV)with different capabilities perform collaborative mapping in multiple designated areas.This paper proposes a task allocation algorithm based on integer linear programming(ILP)with flow balance constraints,ensuring the fair and efficient distribution of sub-areas among USVs and maintaining strong connectivity of assigned regions.In the established gridmap,a search-based path planning algorithm is performed on the sub-areas according to the allocation scheme.It uses the greedy algorithm and the A*algorithm to achieve complete coverage of the barrier-free area and obtain an efficient trajectory of each USV.The greedy algorithm enables fast local traversal of unvisited grids,while the A*algorithm ensures navigation to escape from deadlock areas and maintains global path continuity.The comparison of task allocation results proves that the task allocation algorithm based on ILP improves the mapping efficiency and task distribution fairness.The proposed allocation method and result analysis provide a certain reference for the practical application ofMulti-USV to perform survey tasks collaboratively.展开更多
Each morning at Yangluo Port in Wuhan,Hubei Province,the all-electric cargo vessel Huahang Xinneng No.1 completes a battery swap in under 10 minutes before returning to service with nearly 8,000 kWh of power onboard。
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery disease,stroke,peripheral artery disease,and heart failure.Despite advances in medicine and healthcare delivery,CVD continues to have a serious impact on individuals,families,and the healthcare system.This review begins by delineating the merits and demerits of commonly employed synthetic and natural materials for artificial blood vessels.It delves into various techniques commonly employed in the fabrication of artificial blood vessels,encompassing advanced textile technologies,electrospinning,ther-mally induced phase separation,and 3D printing.The review critically analyzes the attributes of different preparation methodologies alongside the latest advancements in research.The review also outlines the requisite performance requirements for artificial blood vessels,which encompass robust mechanical prop-erties,appropriate porosity,exceptional compatibility,and antibacterial attributes.It provides a succinct overview of ongoing effort s in vascular functionalization,particularly emphasizing thrombus mitigation,promotion of endothelialization,and enhancement of nitric oxide production.The review finally encap-sulates the primary challenges confronting vascular grafts and prospective avenues for future research.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging at...The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.展开更多
Dear Editor,Underactuated autonomous surface vessels(ASVs)are increasingly attracting attention from researchers because of a wide range of applications[1].Consequently,path following,a typical functionality for ASVs,...Dear Editor,Underactuated autonomous surface vessels(ASVs)are increasingly attracting attention from researchers because of a wide range of applications[1].Consequently,path following,a typical functionality for ASVs,has become a research focus[2].Despite the abundant study results,some challenging issues are still worthy of exploration and resolution,two of which are addressed in this letter.The first one is related to the guidance law.Currently,common guidance methods in the ASV field include the line-of-sight(LOS)guidance[3]and vector field(VF)guidance[4].The response quality of LOS guidance is highly related to the lookahead distance;a constant lookahead distance may result in undesired phenomena such as the singularity problem and the reduction of trajectory smoothness of ASVs(see[5]).To this end,several works have proposed modified LOS guidance laws(see[6]).Although the above modifications,as pointed out by[7],the VF guidance exhibits smaller crosstrack errors and better performances than the LOS guidance.However,the existing VF guidance is only available for straight lines and orbits rather than curved paths,a considerable obstacle that limits its practical application(see[8],[9]).Thus,the VF guidance for curved path following deserves more in-depth study.展开更多
Objective:To study the application effect of bundle nursing strategy in the maintenance of difficult blood vessels for long-term hemodialysis patients.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 40 long-term hemodial...Objective:To study the application effect of bundle nursing strategy in the maintenance of difficult blood vessels for long-term hemodialysis patients.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 40 long-term hemodialysis patients admitted from January 2024 to January 2025.The patients were randomly divided into a control group(20 cases)and an observation group(20 cases)using computer random sampling.The control group received routine nursing for difficult blood vessels,while the observation group received a bundle nursing strategy for difficult blood vessels.The self-care ability,complication rate,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing,the self-care ability score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of the bundle nursing strategy in the maintenance of difficult blood vessels for long-term hemodialysis patients is beneficial for improving self-care ability,reducing complications,and increasing patient satisfaction with nursing services.展开更多
The mechanical properties,microstructure and second phase precipitation behavior of flange forgings for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels at different tempering temperatures(620–700℃)were studied.The results sh...The mechanical properties,microstructure and second phase precipitation behavior of flange forgings for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels at different tempering temperatures(620–700℃)were studied.The results showed that when tempered at 620–680°C,the main microstructure of the test steel was tempered sorbite,and the main microstructure of tempered steel changed to martensite at 700℃.At 700℃,the dislocation density increased and some retained austenite existed.With the tempering temperature increasing,the yield strength showed a decreasing trend,the formation of fresh martensite made the tensile strength first decrease and then increase slightly,the impact energy at−40℃increased first and then decreased,and the impact energy at 660℃had the maximum value.The precipitates of MC type were mainly(Mo,V,Ti)C.The test steel had excellent strength and toughness matching at 660℃tempering,the tensile strength at different cross section locations was above 750 MPa,the impact energy was above 200 J at−40℃,and the relative percentage reduction of area(ZH2/ZN2)was above 75%at hydrogen environment of 6.3 MPa.展开更多
Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanism...Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.展开更多
This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi...This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.展开更多
In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still...In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.展开更多
Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed ...Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological me...Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.展开更多
Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the...Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.展开更多
Segmentation of the retinal vessels in the fundus is crucial for diagnosing ocular diseases.Retinal vessel images often suffer from category imbalance and large scale variations.This ultimately results in incomplete v...Segmentation of the retinal vessels in the fundus is crucial for diagnosing ocular diseases.Retinal vessel images often suffer from category imbalance and large scale variations.This ultimately results in incomplete vessel segmentation and poor continuity.In this study,we propose CT-MFENet to address the aforementioned issues.First,the use of context transformer(CT)allows for the integration of contextual feature information,which helps establish the connection between pixels and solve the problem of incomplete vessel continuity.Second,multi-scale dense residual networks are used instead of traditional CNN to address the issue of inadequate local feature extraction when the model encounters vessels at multiple scales.In the decoding stage,we introduce a local-global fusion module.It enhances the localization of vascular information and reduces the semantic gap between high-and low-level features.To address the class imbalance in retinal images,we propose a hybrid loss function that enhances the segmentation ability of the model for topological structures.We conducted experiments on the publicly available DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and IOSTAR datasets.The experimental results show that our CT-MFENet performs better than most existing methods,including the baseline U-Net.展开更多
Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and pro...Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and protecting lives and property.However,the path planning of ERRVs has mainly depended on expert experiences instead of rational decision making.This paper proposes an improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm to optimize the shortest path for ERRVs in the rescue process.To verify the feasibility of the proposed model,eight tests were carried out in two water areas of the Yangtze River.The results showed that the improved APF algorithm was efficient with fewer iterations and that the response time of path planning was reduced to around eight seconds.The improved APF algorithm performed better in the ERRV’s goal achievement,compared with the traditional algorithm.The path planning method for ERRVs proposed in this paper has theoretical and practical value in flood relief.It can be applied in the emergency management of ERRVs to accelerate flood management efficiency and improve capacity to prevent,mitigate,and relieve flood disasters.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In th...Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In this study,we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of MCC950,a selective NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inhibitor,on cerebral small vessel disease pathogenesis and cognitive decline in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Our results showed that chronic administration of MCC950(10 mg/kg)to spontaneously hypertensive rats inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,thereby considerably suppressing the production of pyroptosis executive protein gasdermin D and pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand-18.A decrease in astrocytic and microglial activation was also observed.We also found that MCC950 significantly inhibited autophagy.More importantly,behavioral assessment indicated that MCC950 administration ameliorated impaired neurocognitive function,which was associated with improvements in neuropathological hallmarks in the cerebral small vessel disease brain,such as blood‒brain barrier breakdown,white matter damage,and endothelial dysfunction.Thus,our findings revealed that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome is a key contributor to the onset or progression of cerebral small vessel disease and suggested the potential of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3-based therapy as a potential novel strategy for treating cerebral small vessel disease.展开更多
基金supported by Key Scientific Research Project of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences of China (Grant No.ZK0727)Shanxi Provincial Special Foundation Project of Key Discipline Construction of China
文摘Multi-layer pressure vessels are widely used in every field of high pressure technology.For the purpose of enhancing a vessels＇ load bearing capacity,a beneficial process like shrink-fit is usually employed.However,few documents on optimum design for multi-layer shrink-fit vessels made of different strength materials can be found,available data are mainly on two-layer vessels.In this paper,an optimum design approach is developed for shrink-fit multi-layer vessels under ultrahigh pressure by using different materials.Maximum shear stress theory is applied as design criteria.The inner and outer radii of a multi-layer vessel,as well as the material of each layer,are assumed to be known.The optimization mathematical model is,thereby,built.Lagrange multipliers method is required to obtain the optimal design formula of wall ratio（ratio of outer to inner radii） of each layer,from which the optimum formulas of shrinkage pressure and radial interference are derived with the superposition principle employed.These formulas are applicable for the optimization design of all multi-layer vessels made of different materials,or same materials.The formulas of the limit working pressure and the contact pressure show that the optimum wall ratio of each layer and limit working pressure are only related to all selected material strength and unrelated to the position of the layer placement in the vessel.However,shrinkage pressure is related to the position of the layer placement in the vessel.Optimization design of an open ended shrink-fit three-layer vessel using different materials and comparisons proved that the optimized multi-layer vessels have outstanding characteristics of small radial interference and are easier for assembly.When the stress of each layer is distributed more evenly and appropriately,the load bearing capability and safety of vessels are enhanced.Therefore,this design is material-saving and cost-effective,and has prospect of engineering application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175237)。
文摘The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.
基金supported in part by the International Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou Development District under Grant 2023GH08the Science and Technology Development Fund,MSAR,under Grants 0029/2022/AGJ and 0029/2023/RIA1the Program of Guangdong under Grant 2023A0505020003.
文摘To conduct marine surveys,multiple unmanned surface vessels(Multi-USV)with different capabilities perform collaborative mapping in multiple designated areas.This paper proposes a task allocation algorithm based on integer linear programming(ILP)with flow balance constraints,ensuring the fair and efficient distribution of sub-areas among USVs and maintaining strong connectivity of assigned regions.In the established gridmap,a search-based path planning algorithm is performed on the sub-areas according to the allocation scheme.It uses the greedy algorithm and the A*algorithm to achieve complete coverage of the barrier-free area and obtain an efficient trajectory of each USV.The greedy algorithm enables fast local traversal of unvisited grids,while the A*algorithm ensures navigation to escape from deadlock areas and maintains global path continuity.The comparison of task allocation results proves that the task allocation algorithm based on ILP improves the mapping efficiency and task distribution fairness.The proposed allocation method and result analysis provide a certain reference for the practical application ofMulti-USV to perform survey tasks collaboratively.
文摘Each morning at Yangluo Port in Wuhan,Hubei Province,the all-electric cargo vessel Huahang Xinneng No.1 completes a battery swap in under 10 minutes before returning to service with nearly 8,000 kWh of power onboard。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82374295)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0111100)+1 种基金the Science and Technol-ogy Partnership Program by the Ministry of Science and Technol-ogy of China(No.KY202201002)the Jiangsu Provincial De-partment of Science and Technology(No.BZ2022017).
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery disease,stroke,peripheral artery disease,and heart failure.Despite advances in medicine and healthcare delivery,CVD continues to have a serious impact on individuals,families,and the healthcare system.This review begins by delineating the merits and demerits of commonly employed synthetic and natural materials for artificial blood vessels.It delves into various techniques commonly employed in the fabrication of artificial blood vessels,encompassing advanced textile technologies,electrospinning,ther-mally induced phase separation,and 3D printing.The review critically analyzes the attributes of different preparation methodologies alongside the latest advancements in research.The review also outlines the requisite performance requirements for artificial blood vessels,which encompass robust mechanical prop-erties,appropriate porosity,exceptional compatibility,and antibacterial attributes.It provides a succinct overview of ongoing effort s in vascular functionalization,particularly emphasizing thrombus mitigation,promotion of endothelialization,and enhancement of nitric oxide production.The review finally encap-sulates the primary challenges confronting vascular grafts and prospective avenues for future research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this project through the Researchers Supporting Project(PNURSP2025R319)Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Prince Sultan University for covering the article processing charges(APC)associated with this publication.Special acknowledgement to Automated Systems&Soft Computing Lab(ASSCL),Prince Sultan University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62473243,62421004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities(3072024 GH0404)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Projects in Hainan Province(ZDYF2024GXJS009)the“Spring Wild Goose”Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province(CYQN24071).
文摘Dear Editor,Underactuated autonomous surface vessels(ASVs)are increasingly attracting attention from researchers because of a wide range of applications[1].Consequently,path following,a typical functionality for ASVs,has become a research focus[2].Despite the abundant study results,some challenging issues are still worthy of exploration and resolution,two of which are addressed in this letter.The first one is related to the guidance law.Currently,common guidance methods in the ASV field include the line-of-sight(LOS)guidance[3]and vector field(VF)guidance[4].The response quality of LOS guidance is highly related to the lookahead distance;a constant lookahead distance may result in undesired phenomena such as the singularity problem and the reduction of trajectory smoothness of ASVs(see[5]).To this end,several works have proposed modified LOS guidance laws(see[6]).Although the above modifications,as pointed out by[7],the VF guidance exhibits smaller crosstrack errors and better performances than the LOS guidance.However,the existing VF guidance is only available for straight lines and orbits rather than curved paths,a considerable obstacle that limits its practical application(see[8],[9]).Thus,the VF guidance for curved path following deserves more in-depth study.
文摘Objective:To study the application effect of bundle nursing strategy in the maintenance of difficult blood vessels for long-term hemodialysis patients.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 40 long-term hemodialysis patients admitted from January 2024 to January 2025.The patients were randomly divided into a control group(20 cases)and an observation group(20 cases)using computer random sampling.The control group received routine nursing for difficult blood vessels,while the observation group received a bundle nursing strategy for difficult blood vessels.The self-care ability,complication rate,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing,the self-care ability score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of the bundle nursing strategy in the maintenance of difficult blood vessels for long-term hemodialysis patients is beneficial for improving self-care ability,reducing complications,and increasing patient satisfaction with nursing services.
基金supported by the National Key research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4003001).
文摘The mechanical properties,microstructure and second phase precipitation behavior of flange forgings for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels at different tempering temperatures(620–700℃)were studied.The results showed that when tempered at 620–680°C,the main microstructure of the test steel was tempered sorbite,and the main microstructure of tempered steel changed to martensite at 700℃.At 700℃,the dislocation density increased and some retained austenite existed.With the tempering temperature increasing,the yield strength showed a decreasing trend,the formation of fresh martensite made the tensile strength first decrease and then increase slightly,the impact energy at−40℃increased first and then decreased,and the impact energy at 660℃had the maximum value.The precipitates of MC type were mainly(Mo,V,Ti)C.The test steel had excellent strength and toughness matching at 660℃tempering,the tensile strength at different cross section locations was above 750 MPa,the impact energy was above 200 J at−40℃,and the relative percentage reduction of area(ZH2/ZN2)was above 75%at hydrogen environment of 6.3 MPa.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2024-05)Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)+2 种基金Scientific Department of Gansu(24CXGA083,24CXGA024,JK2024-28,JK2024-32 and 23CXJA0007)Industrial Support Plan Project of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2025CYZC-003 and CYZC-2024-10)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Science and Education Joint Fund Project(2022JJ60109).
文摘Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.
基金Projects(42477162,52108347,52178371,52168046,52178321,52308383)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2023C03143,2022C01099,2024C01219,2022C03151)supported by the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Plan,China+6 种基金Project(LQ22E080010)supported by the Exploring Youth Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(LR21E080005)supported by the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject(2022M712964)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023AFB008)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province for Youth,ChinaProject(202203)supported by Engineering Research Centre of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(202305-2)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Communication Department,ChinaProject(2021K256)supported by the Construction Research Founds of Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Zhejiang Province,China。
文摘This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.
基金Project(2023YFC3707800)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401597)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ6469)the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology,China(No.ZK22-02).
文摘Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82274304(to YH)the Major Clinical Study Projects of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR2046B(to YH)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Talent Plan,No.2022LJ010(to YH).
文摘Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.
文摘Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62266025)。
文摘Segmentation of the retinal vessels in the fundus is crucial for diagnosing ocular diseases.Retinal vessel images often suffer from category imbalance and large scale variations.This ultimately results in incomplete vessel segmentation and poor continuity.In this study,we propose CT-MFENet to address the aforementioned issues.First,the use of context transformer(CT)allows for the integration of contextual feature information,which helps establish the connection between pixels and solve the problem of incomplete vessel continuity.Second,multi-scale dense residual networks are used instead of traditional CNN to address the issue of inadequate local feature extraction when the model encounters vessels at multiple scales.In the decoding stage,we introduce a local-global fusion module.It enhances the localization of vascular information and reduces the semantic gap between high-and low-level features.To address the class imbalance in retinal images,we propose a hybrid loss function that enhances the segmentation ability of the model for topological structures.We conducted experiments on the publicly available DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and IOSTAR datasets.The experimental results show that our CT-MFENet performs better than most existing methods,including the baseline U-Net.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72274052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72174173).
文摘Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and protecting lives and property.However,the path planning of ERRVs has mainly depended on expert experiences instead of rational decision making.This paper proposes an improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm to optimize the shortest path for ERRVs in the rescue process.To verify the feasibility of the proposed model,eight tests were carried out in two water areas of the Yangtze River.The results showed that the improved APF algorithm was efficient with fewer iterations and that the response time of path planning was reduced to around eight seconds.The improved APF algorithm performed better in the ERRV’s goal achievement,compared with the traditional algorithm.The path planning method for ERRVs proposed in this paper has theoretical and practical value in flood relief.It can be applied in the emergency management of ERRVs to accelerate flood management efficiency and improve capacity to prevent,mitigate,and relieve flood disasters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201626(to CC)the Natural Science Foundation of LiaoningProvince,No.2022-MS-442(to CC)the Dalian Municipal Medical Key Specialty Climbing Project,No.2024ZZ040(to MZ).
文摘Cerebral small vessel disease is a major vascular contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.However,there remains a lack of effective preventative or therapeutic regimens for cerebral small vessel disease.In this study,we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of MCC950,a selective NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inhibitor,on cerebral small vessel disease pathogenesis and cognitive decline in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Our results showed that chronic administration of MCC950(10 mg/kg)to spontaneously hypertensive rats inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,thereby considerably suppressing the production of pyroptosis executive protein gasdermin D and pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand-18.A decrease in astrocytic and microglial activation was also observed.We also found that MCC950 significantly inhibited autophagy.More importantly,behavioral assessment indicated that MCC950 administration ameliorated impaired neurocognitive function,which was associated with improvements in neuropathological hallmarks in the cerebral small vessel disease brain,such as blood‒brain barrier breakdown,white matter damage,and endothelial dysfunction.Thus,our findings revealed that the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome is a key contributor to the onset or progression of cerebral small vessel disease and suggested the potential of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3-based therapy as a potential novel strategy for treating cerebral small vessel disease.
