A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in deta...A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.展开更多
Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propo...Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propose a multi-functional PSHE sensor based on VO_(2), a material that can reveal the phase transition behavior. By applying thermal control, the mutual transformation into different phase states of VO_(2) can be realized, which contributes to the flexible switching between multiple RI sensing tasks. When VO_(2) is insulating, the ultrasensitive detection of glucose concentrations in human blood is achieved. When VO_(2) is in a mixed phase, the structure can be designed to distinguish between the normal cells and cancer cells through no-label and real-time monitoring. When VO_(2) is metallic, the proposed PSHE sensor can act as an RI indicator for gas analytes. Compared with other multi-functional sensing devices with the complex structures, our design consists of only one analyte and two VO_(2) layers, which is very simple and elegant. Therefore, the proposed VO_(2)-based PSHE sensor has outstanding advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, no-label, and real-time detection, providing a new approach for investigating tunable multi-functional sensors.展开更多
We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain...We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.展开更多
The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidom...The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.展开更多
Soft self-healing materials are promising candidates for flexible electronic devices due to their excep-tional compatibility,extensibility,and self-restorability.Generally,these materials suffer from low tensile stren...Soft self-healing materials are promising candidates for flexible electronic devices due to their excep-tional compatibility,extensibility,and self-restorability.Generally,these materials suffer from low tensile strength and susceptibility to fracture because of the restricted microstructure design.Herein,we pro-pose a hydrothermal-freeze-thaw method to construct high-strength self-healing hydrogels with even in-terconnected networks and distinctive wrinkled surfaces.The integration of the wrinkled outer surface with the three-dimensional internal network confers the self-healing hydrogel with enhanced mechan-ical strength.This hydrogel achieves a tensile strength of 223 kPa,a breaking elongation of 442%,an adhesion strength of 57.6 kPa,and an adhesion energy of 237.2 J m-2.Meanwhile,the hydrogel demon-strates impressive self-repair capability(repair efficiency:93%).Moreover,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations are used to substantiate the stable existence of hydrogen bonding between the PPPBG hydrogel and water molecules which ensures the durability of the PPPBG hydrogel for long-term applica-tion.The measurements demonstrate that this multifunctional hydrogel possesses the requisite sensitivity and durability to serve as a strain sensor,which monitors a spectrum of motion signals including subtle vocalizations,pronounced facial expressions,and limb articulations.This work presents a viable strategy for healthcare monitoring,soft robotics,and interactive electronic skins.展开更多
Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming pr...Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.展开更多
Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexib...Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.展开更多
The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recogni...The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.展开更多
Tactile sensing of subcutaneous organ vibrations provides a promising route toward human-machine interfaces and wear-able diagnostics,particularly for voice rehabilitation and silent-speech communication.Here,we prese...Tactile sensing of subcutaneous organ vibrations provides a promising route toward human-machine interfaces and wear-able diagnostics,particularly for voice rehabilitation and silent-speech communication.Here,we present a bioinspired piezoelectric vibration sensor that mimics the graded stiffness and stress-based transduction mechanism of otolithic cilia in the human vestibular system.The device consists of a trapezoidal cantilever array with tip inertial masses,fabricated through a hybrid stereolithography 3D printing and laser micromachining process for rapid prototyping without cleanroom facilities.Finite-element modeling and experimental measurements demonstrate a fundamental resonance near 1.2 kHz,a 5%flat-bandwidth of 350 Hz,and an in-band charge sensitivity of 3.17 pC/g.A wearable proof-of-concept test further verifies the sensor's ability to reproducibly distinguish phoneme-specific vibration patterns in both time and frequency domains.This work establishes a foundation for bioinspired tactile sensing front-ends in wearable voice interfaces and other intelligent diagnostic systems integrated with machine-learning algorithms.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-...Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-sensor predictive accuracy,ensuring interpretability and reliable performance across varying industrial operating conditions remains a challenge[1]–[4].This is precisely what Industry 5.0,proposed by the European Commission in 2021,advocates[5],[6].It integrates various cutting-edge technologies,such as human-machine interaction,digital twins,cybersecurity and artificial intelligence,to facilitate the development of better soft sensors.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Noise interference critically impairs the stability and data accuracy of sensing systems.However,current suppression strategies fail to concurrently mitigate intrinsic system noise and extrinsic environmental noise.Th...Noise interference critically impairs the stability and data accuracy of sensing systems.However,current suppression strategies fail to concurrently mitigate intrinsic system noise and extrinsic environmental noise.This study introduces a composite denoising approach to address this challenge.This method is based on the ameliorated ellipse fitting algorithm(AEFA)and adaptive successive variational mode decomposition(ASVMD).This algorithm employs AEFA to eliminate system noise tightly coupled with direct-current and alternating-current components in the interference signal,thereby obtaining a phase signal containing only environmental noise.The ASVMD technique adaptively extracts environmental noise components predominantly present in the phase signal.To achieve optimal decomposition results automatically,the permutation entropy criterion is employed to refine decomposition parameters.The correlation coefficient is utilized to differentiate effective components from noise components in the decomposition results.Experimental results indicate that the combined AEFA and ASVMD algorithm effectively suppresses both system and environmental noises.When applied to 50 Hz vibration signal processing,the proposed approach achieves a noise reduction of 17.81 dB and a phase resolution of 35.14μrad/√Hz.Given the excellent performance of the noise suppression,the proposed approach holds great application potential in high-performance interferometric sensing systems.展开更多
This survey presents a comprehensive examination of sensor fusion research spanning four decades,tracing the methodological evolution,application domains,and alignment with classical hierarchical models.Building on th...This survey presents a comprehensive examination of sensor fusion research spanning four decades,tracing the methodological evolution,application domains,and alignment with classical hierarchical models.Building on this long-term trajectory,the foundational approaches such as probabilistic inference,early neural networks,rulebasedmethods,and feature-level fusion established the principles of uncertainty handling andmulti-sensor integration in the 1990s.The fusion methods of 2000s marked the consolidation of these ideas through advanced Kalman and particle filtering,Bayesian–Dempster–Shafer hybrids,distributed consensus algorithms,and machine learning ensembles for more robust and domain-specific implementations.From 2011 to 2020,the widespread adoption of deep learning transformed the field driving some major breakthroughs in the autonomous vehicles domain.A key contribution of this work is the assessment of contemporary methods against the JDL model,revealing gaps at higher levels-especially in situation and impact assessment.Contemporary methods offer only limited implementation of higher-level fusion.The survey also reviews the benchmark multi-sensor datasets,noting their role in advancing the field while identifying major shortcomings like the lack of domain diversity and hierarchical coverage.By synthesizing developments across decades and paradigms,this survey provides both a historical narrative and a forward-looking perspective.It highlights unresolved challenges in transparency,scalability,robustness,and trustworthiness,while identifying emerging paradigms such as neuromorphic fusion and explainable AI as promising directions.This paves the way forward for advancing sensor fusion towards transparent and adaptive next-generation autonomous systems.展开更多
Possessing excellent mechanical properties,a high-coverage slide-ring conductive gel is constructed by in situ polymerization ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)polyrotaxane(PR)and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide([VEIM]Br)ion...Possessing excellent mechanical properties,a high-coverage slide-ring conductive gel is constructed by in situ polymerization ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)polyrotaxane(PR)and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide([VEIM]Br)ionic liquid(IL),using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([EMIM]Br)IL as solvent.Benefiting from the compatibility of ILs and alkene-PR,the cross-linked network slide-ring gel not only maintains excellent conductivity(1.52×10^(−2) S/m),but also has effectively improved mechanical properties(513%fracture strain,0.713 MPa fracture stress,211 kPa elastic modulus and 1366 kJ/m^(3) toughness)and adhesive properties(472.3±25.9 kPa).The supramolecular gel can be used as a strain sensor to efficiently monitor deformation signals in real-time at least 200 times.Especially,the slide-ring gel can self-power generated by triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction between the skin layer and the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)layer that encapsulates the gel,achieving reversible and durable motion sensing,which provides a convenient pathway for constructing supramolecular self-powered flexible electronic materials.展开更多
MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a signifi...MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m^(-1).The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.展开更多
Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framew...Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framework that jointly designs distributed observers and local controllers to ensure robust formation control in the presence of external disturbances and sensor malfunctions.Treating the spacecraft formation as a single interconnected system,each spacecraft constructs a distributed observer that estimates the overall system state by incorporating both its own measurements and the predicted control information shared among the spacecraft.Based on the observer estimates,a local control law is synthesized to maintain the desired formation.Rigorous theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach effectively guarantees formation stability and resilience against sensor failures and disturbances.展开更多
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,...Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.展开更多
Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs ...Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs enhance adhesion,however diisocyanates remain essential.The raw materials of isocyanates are toxic,and their synthesis involves phosgene.To make up for those shortcomings,a series of poly(hydroxy urethane-siloxane)PSAs,named as PHUSi here,were synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of cyclic carbonate-functionalized polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-VEC_(z))with various aliphatic diamines.The PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) precursors were prepared via the hydrosilylation of hydrogen-containing polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-H_(y))with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one(VEC).The chemical structures of PSi_(x)-H_(y),PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) and PHUSi were characterized,and bonding properties of PHUSi were systematically evaluated.The influence of architectures on adhesive performance was elucidated through comprehensive analyses,including rheology,crosslink density assessment,and so on.These studies revealed that the tailored design of PHUSi adhesives combine the advantages of traditional Si-PSAs with enhanced adhesion while eliminating isocyanate toxicity.The optimized PHUSi formulation achieved remarkable 180°peel strength(76.5 N/m on skin)and maximum probe tack force(1.61 N),enabling secure 24 h attachment of flexible sensors to skin.These properties make PHUSi particularly suitable for medical applications,as demonstrated by successful implementation in flexible electrocardiogram devices,offering a biocompatible,high-performance adhesive.展开更多
As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and el...As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.展开更多
基金This project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Funds, Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds and Northeast Forestry University Research Funds.
文摘A compound multi-functional sensor was designed by the study on the on-line testing technology of wood-based panels, and its properties of shape, functions, size, resistance to special environment were studied in details. The operational principles of different sensors, technical flow of manufacturing, development of software systems of special functions, and the assessments of technical specification were also be introduced. This sensor adopted many new technologies, such as the applications of piezoresistant effect and heat sensitive effect can effectively measure the pressure and temperature, digital signal processing technology was used to extract and treat signals, and resist interference, encapsulation technology was used to keep the normal run of sensor under a harsh environment. Thus, the on-line compound multi-functional temperature/pressure sensor can be applied better to supervise the production of wood-based panels. All technical specifications of the compound multi-functional sensor were tested and the results met the requirements of the equipments.
文摘Figure 6(a)in the paper[Chin.Phys.B 33074203(2024)]was incorrect due to editorial oversight.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 12175107)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology,China(Grant No.YK22-02-08)+3 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,Chinathe Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX23_0964)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20230347)the Fund from the Research Center of Industrial Perception and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Engineering of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.ZK21-05-09)。
文摘Photonic spin Hall effect(PSHE), as a novel physical effect in light–matter interaction, provides an effective metrological method for characterizing the tiny variation in refractive index(RI). In this work, we propose a multi-functional PSHE sensor based on VO_(2), a material that can reveal the phase transition behavior. By applying thermal control, the mutual transformation into different phase states of VO_(2) can be realized, which contributes to the flexible switching between multiple RI sensing tasks. When VO_(2) is insulating, the ultrasensitive detection of glucose concentrations in human blood is achieved. When VO_(2) is in a mixed phase, the structure can be designed to distinguish between the normal cells and cancer cells through no-label and real-time monitoring. When VO_(2) is metallic, the proposed PSHE sensor can act as an RI indicator for gas analytes. Compared with other multi-functional sensing devices with the complex structures, our design consists of only one analyte and two VO_(2) layers, which is very simple and elegant. Therefore, the proposed VO_(2)-based PSHE sensor has outstanding advantages such as small size, high sensitivity, no-label, and real-time detection, providing a new approach for investigating tunable multi-functional sensors.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0402504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61875069 and 61575076)+1 种基金Hong Kong Scholars Program,China(Grant No.XJ2016026)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province,China(Grant Nos.20190302010GX and 20160520091JH)
文摘We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer(DWDM).This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM.This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time.The ranges of these two sensors are from-20℃ to 100℃ and from-1000 με to 2000 με, respectively.The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/℃ and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively.With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer,different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.
基金supported by the central government and guides local funds for science and technology development(2022ZY0109).
文摘The naturally fermented Inner Mongolian cheese’s flavor and nutritional value make it a popular choice among customers.In this work,to create multi-functional peptides that have taste and biological activity,peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to screen flavor peptides from Inner Mongolian cheese and further assess their antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory properties.According to sensory data,YH8 and IL7 had detectable bitter tastes with low thresholds of 0.03 and 0.06 mmol/L,respectively.With an umami threshold range of 0.24‒0.81 mmol/L,VQ6,FK13,HP13 and QT14 exhibited a range of flavors dominated by umami,including sweet,bitter,salty,sour and kokumi.Antioxidant activity wise,YH8,VQ6,HP13 and QT14 were well represented.The above-mentioned peptides all had some ACE inhibitory effect.The bitter peptide IL7(IC_(50)=0.08 mmol/L)had the highest level of ACE inhibitory activity,followed by YH8(IC_(50)=0.33 mmol/L).These multi-functional peptides,which have been assessed for bioactive and taste features in Inner Mongolian cheese,may have positive impacts on health and harmonize the cheese’s overall flavor.These results suggest that some flavor peptides produced in fermented foods might be with bioactivities while providing a basis for the exploration and application of multi-functional peptides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A6004,U21A20172,61804091,21574076,and U1510121)the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi(No.202101030201022)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202103021223019)the Open Fund of the Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics&Molecular Engineering.
文摘Soft self-healing materials are promising candidates for flexible electronic devices due to their excep-tional compatibility,extensibility,and self-restorability.Generally,these materials suffer from low tensile strength and susceptibility to fracture because of the restricted microstructure design.Herein,we pro-pose a hydrothermal-freeze-thaw method to construct high-strength self-healing hydrogels with even in-terconnected networks and distinctive wrinkled surfaces.The integration of the wrinkled outer surface with the three-dimensional internal network confers the self-healing hydrogel with enhanced mechan-ical strength.This hydrogel achieves a tensile strength of 223 kPa,a breaking elongation of 442%,an adhesion strength of 57.6 kPa,and an adhesion energy of 237.2 J m-2.Meanwhile,the hydrogel demon-strates impressive self-repair capability(repair efficiency:93%).Moreover,the density functional theory(DFT)calculations are used to substantiate the stable existence of hydrogen bonding between the PPPBG hydrogel and water molecules which ensures the durability of the PPPBG hydrogel for long-term applica-tion.The measurements demonstrate that this multifunctional hydrogel possesses the requisite sensitivity and durability to serve as a strain sensor,which monitors a spectrum of motion signals including subtle vocalizations,pronounced facial expressions,and limb articulations.This work presents a viable strategy for healthcare monitoring,soft robotics,and interactive electronic skins.
基金Supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory on Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology,China(No.2021LSYS004)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy,China(No.2024B1212010003)。
文摘Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172249,52525601)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talents Program(E2290701)the Jiangsu Province Talents Program(JSSCRC2023545)the Special Fund Project of Carbon Peaking Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022011).
文摘Flexible fiber sensors,However,traditional methods face challenges in fabricating low-cost,large-scale fiber sensors.In recent years,the thermal drawing process has rapidly advanced,offering a novel approach to flexible fiber sensors.Through the preform-tofiber manufacturing technique,a variety of fiber sensors with complex functionalities spanning from the nanoscale to kilometer scale can be automated in a short time.Examples include temperature,acoustic,mechanical,chemical,biological,optoelectronic,and multifunctional sensors,which operate on diverse sensing principles such as resistance,capacitance,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity,photoelectricity,and thermoelectricity.This review outlines the principles of the thermal drawing process and provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in various thermally drawn fiber sensors.Finally,the future developments of thermally drawn fiber sensors are discussed.
文摘The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.
文摘Tactile sensing of subcutaneous organ vibrations provides a promising route toward human-machine interfaces and wear-able diagnostics,particularly for voice rehabilitation and silent-speech communication.Here,we present a bioinspired piezoelectric vibration sensor that mimics the graded stiffness and stress-based transduction mechanism of otolithic cilia in the human vestibular system.The device consists of a trapezoidal cantilever array with tip inertial masses,fabricated through a hybrid stereolithography 3D printing and laser micromachining process for rapid prototyping without cleanroom facilities.Finite-element modeling and experimental measurements demonstrate a fundamental resonance near 1.2 kHz,a 5%flat-bandwidth of 350 Hz,and an in-band charge sensitivity of 3.17 pC/g.A wearable proof-of-concept test further verifies the sensor's ability to reproducibly distinguish phoneme-specific vibration patterns in both time and frequency domains.This work establishes a foundation for bioinspired tactile sensing front-ends in wearable voice interfaces and other intelligent diagnostic systems integrated with machine-learning algorithms.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-sensor predictive accuracy,ensuring interpretability and reliable performance across varying industrial operating conditions remains a challenge[1]–[4].This is precisely what Industry 5.0,proposed by the European Commission in 2021,advocates[5],[6].It integrates various cutting-edge technologies,such as human-machine interaction,digital twins,cybersecurity and artificial intelligence,to facilitate the development of better soft sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
文摘Noise interference critically impairs the stability and data accuracy of sensing systems.However,current suppression strategies fail to concurrently mitigate intrinsic system noise and extrinsic environmental noise.This study introduces a composite denoising approach to address this challenge.This method is based on the ameliorated ellipse fitting algorithm(AEFA)and adaptive successive variational mode decomposition(ASVMD).This algorithm employs AEFA to eliminate system noise tightly coupled with direct-current and alternating-current components in the interference signal,thereby obtaining a phase signal containing only environmental noise.The ASVMD technique adaptively extracts environmental noise components predominantly present in the phase signal.To achieve optimal decomposition results automatically,the permutation entropy criterion is employed to refine decomposition parameters.The correlation coefficient is utilized to differentiate effective components from noise components in the decomposition results.Experimental results indicate that the combined AEFA and ASVMD algorithm effectively suppresses both system and environmental noises.When applied to 50 Hz vibration signal processing,the proposed approach achieves a noise reduction of 17.81 dB and a phase resolution of 35.14μrad/√Hz.Given the excellent performance of the noise suppression,the proposed approach holds great application potential in high-performance interferometric sensing systems.
文摘This survey presents a comprehensive examination of sensor fusion research spanning four decades,tracing the methodological evolution,application domains,and alignment with classical hierarchical models.Building on this long-term trajectory,the foundational approaches such as probabilistic inference,early neural networks,rulebasedmethods,and feature-level fusion established the principles of uncertainty handling andmulti-sensor integration in the 1990s.The fusion methods of 2000s marked the consolidation of these ideas through advanced Kalman and particle filtering,Bayesian–Dempster–Shafer hybrids,distributed consensus algorithms,and machine learning ensembles for more robust and domain-specific implementations.From 2011 to 2020,the widespread adoption of deep learning transformed the field driving some major breakthroughs in the autonomous vehicles domain.A key contribution of this work is the assessment of contemporary methods against the JDL model,revealing gaps at higher levels-especially in situation and impact assessment.Contemporary methods offer only limited implementation of higher-level fusion.The survey also reviews the benchmark multi-sensor datasets,noting their role in advancing the field while identifying major shortcomings like the lack of domain diversity and hierarchical coverage.By synthesizing developments across decades and paradigms,this survey provides both a historical narrative and a forward-looking perspective.It highlights unresolved challenges in transparency,scalability,robustness,and trustworthiness,while identifying emerging paradigms such as neuromorphic fusion and explainable AI as promising directions.This paves the way forward for advancing sensor fusion towards transparent and adaptive next-generation autonomous systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22131008)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.22JCYBJC00500)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations for financial support.
文摘Possessing excellent mechanical properties,a high-coverage slide-ring conductive gel is constructed by in situ polymerization ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)polyrotaxane(PR)and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide([VEIM]Br)ionic liquid(IL),using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([EMIM]Br)IL as solvent.Benefiting from the compatibility of ILs and alkene-PR,the cross-linked network slide-ring gel not only maintains excellent conductivity(1.52×10^(−2) S/m),but also has effectively improved mechanical properties(513%fracture strain,0.713 MPa fracture stress,211 kPa elastic modulus and 1366 kJ/m^(3) toughness)and adhesive properties(472.3±25.9 kPa).The supramolecular gel can be used as a strain sensor to efficiently monitor deformation signals in real-time at least 200 times.Especially,the slide-ring gel can self-power generated by triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction between the skin layer and the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)layer that encapsulates the gel,achieving reversible and durable motion sensing,which provides a convenient pathway for constructing supramolecular self-powered flexible electronic materials.
基金support from Youth Promotion of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2024A1515030005)Guangdong Province Ordinary Universities Characteristic Innovation Project(2024KTSCX096)+4 种基金Guangdong Province University Key Field Special Program(2023ZDZX3002)Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Naikai University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology(No.2023B1212060065)Programs of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202301AT070217)MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies,the 111 Project,Science and Technology Bureau of Huzhou(2022GG24)ScienceK Ltd.
文摘MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m^(-1).The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62088101,62522307,62273045,U2341213)Beijing Nova Program(20230484481)。
文摘Formation control of multiple spacecraft has attracted extensive research attention.However,achieving reliable performance under sensor failures remains a significant challenge.This paper develops an integrated framework that jointly designs distributed observers and local controllers to ensure robust formation control in the presence of external disturbances and sensor malfunctions.Treating the spacecraft formation as a single interconnected system,each spacecraft constructs a distributed observer that estimates the overall system state by incorporating both its own measurements and the predicted control information shared among the spacecraft.Based on the observer estimates,a local control law is synthesized to maintain the desired formation.Rigorous theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach effectively guarantees formation stability and resilience against sensor failures and disturbances.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(2023R1A2C3004336,RS-202300243807)&Regional Leading Research Center(RS-202400405278)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)。
文摘Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring,clinical diagnosis,and robotic applications.Nevertheless,it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility,adhesion,self-healing,and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics.Herein,we report a multifunctional,anti-freezing,selfadhesive,and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(CoN CNT)embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin(PVA/GLE)matrix.Fabricated using a binary solvent system of water and ethylene glycol(EG),the CoN CNT/PVA/GLE organogel exhibits excellent flexibility,biocompatibility,and temperature tolerance with remarkable environmental stability.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms near-stable performance across a broad humidity range(40%-95%RH).Freeze-tolerant conductivity under sub-zero conditions(-20℃)is attributed to the synergistic role of CoN CNT and EG,preserving mobility and network integrity.The Co N CNT/PVA/GLE organogel sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 5.75 k Pa^(-1)in the detection range from 0 to 20 k Pa,ideal for subtle biomechanical motion detection.A smart human-machine interface for English letter recognition using deep learning achieved 98%accuracy.The organogel sensor utility was extended to detect human gestures like finger bending,wrist motion,and throat vibration during speech.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2022MB051 and ZR2021MB112)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2022M712343)+2 种基金Jinan City University Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2024030)Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregates of the Ministry of Education,Shandong University(No.JJT-2023-02)Shandong SD-Link New Material Technology Co.,LTD.
文摘Silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives(Si-PSAs)are valued for their thermal stability,flexibility,and biocompatibility,but their weak bonding strength restricts high-performance use.Polyurethane-modified Si-PSAs enhance adhesion,however diisocyanates remain essential.The raw materials of isocyanates are toxic,and their synthesis involves phosgene.To make up for those shortcomings,a series of poly(hydroxy urethane-siloxane)PSAs,named as PHUSi here,were synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of cyclic carbonate-functionalized polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-VEC_(z))with various aliphatic diamines.The PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) precursors were prepared via the hydrosilylation of hydrogen-containing polysiloxanes(PSi_(x)-H_(y))with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one(VEC).The chemical structures of PSi_(x)-H_(y),PSi_(x)-VEC_(z) and PHUSi were characterized,and bonding properties of PHUSi were systematically evaluated.The influence of architectures on adhesive performance was elucidated through comprehensive analyses,including rheology,crosslink density assessment,and so on.These studies revealed that the tailored design of PHUSi adhesives combine the advantages of traditional Si-PSAs with enhanced adhesion while eliminating isocyanate toxicity.The optimized PHUSi formulation achieved remarkable 180°peel strength(76.5 N/m on skin)and maximum probe tack force(1.61 N),enabling secure 24 h attachment of flexible sensors to skin.These properties make PHUSi particularly suitable for medical applications,as demonstrated by successful implementation in flexible electrocardiogram devices,offering a biocompatible,high-performance adhesive.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051,ZR2025QB50)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011191)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials(KF2406)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006,tsqn202507058)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University。
文摘As emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials,carbides and nitrides(MXenes)could be solid solutions or organized structures made up of multi-atomic layers.With remarkable and adjustable electrical,optical,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics,MXenes have shown great potential in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing electronics,including neuromorphic gas sensors,pressure sensors and photodetectors.This paper provides a forward-looking review of the research progress regarding MXenes in the neuromorphic sensing domain and discussed the critical challenges that need to be resolved.Key bottlenecks such as insufficient long-term stability under environmental exposure,high costs,scalability limitations in large-scale production,and mechanical mismatch in wearable integration hinder their practical deployment.Furthermore,unresolved issues like interfacial compatibility in heterostructures and energy inefficiency in neu-romorphic signal conversion demand urgent attention.The review offers insights into future research directions enhance the fundamental understanding of MXene properties and promote further integration into neuromorphic computing applications through the convergence with various emerging technologies.
