为明确带茎采收对烤后上部烟叶质量的影响,以‘云烟87’为试材,通过主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)和变量权重重要性排序(variable importance in projection,VIP)等多维数据分析方法,研究湖北省6个乡镇带茎采烤与逐叶...为明确带茎采收对烤后上部烟叶质量的影响,以‘云烟87’为试材,通过主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)和变量权重重要性排序(variable importance in projection,VIP)等多维数据分析方法,研究湖北省6个乡镇带茎采烤与逐叶采烤烤后烟外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、感官质量等的差异。结果表明,剔除偏离指标后PLS-DA模型R_(X)^(2)=0.578、R_(Y)^(2)=0.997、Q^(2)_(PLS-DA)=0.96,模型有效;对模型进行200次响应排序,R^(2)_(intercept)、Q^(2)_(intercept)截距分别为0.903、-0.0125,模型拟合较好;最终共筛选出VIP>1.0指标差异较大的变量,包括还原糖、总糖、感官质量和多种氨基酸含量等共27项,其中总糖、还原糖、感官权重总分、香气质、杂气、刺激性6项为正向作用,其余21种为负向作用。综上所述,带茎采烤有利于提高上部烟叶的总糖、还原糖和部分感官因素的含量,不利于总氮、氨基酸类物质含量的提高。展开更多
At present,there are no harvesters specifically adapted to process peanuts after cutting stalks.In particular,methods for harvesting peanuts after cutting stalks have not been reported thus far.Therefore,to utilize pe...At present,there are no harvesters specifically adapted to process peanuts after cutting stalks.In particular,methods for harvesting peanuts after cutting stalks have not been reported thus far.Therefore,to utilize peanut stalks as feed when harvesting plastic-film-grown peanuts,and to improve industry benefits,a three-stage harvesting method is proposed herein.In view of the three-stage harvesting method,the peanut stalks are cut before digging,with the remaining peanut plants being shorter,thereby increasing the peanut pod-stalk ratio.To investigate the adaptabilities of existing harvesters in harvesting peanuts after cutting stalks,three types of peanut harvesters-the self-propelled pick-up combine harvester,trailed pick-up combine harvester,and peanut picker were used to conduct a comparative test on harvesting intact peanut plants and plants after cutting stalks.The loss,breakage and impurity rates were used as evaluation indicators.The loss rates of these three harvesters were 14.64%,16.44%and 1.33%;the breakage rates were 21.28%,21.92%and 20.00%,and impurity rates were 4.60%,8.76%and 9.06%.Analysis of variance showed that cutting stalks had a significant impact on the work qualities of the three harvesters(p<0.05).With regard to the loss rate,results revealed that:the two peanut combine harvesters could not be adapted to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks.The three harvesters had good adaptability to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks,considering the breakage rate;however,based on the impurity rate,the three harvesters could not be adapted to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks.The losses of the two combine harvesters consisted mainly of dropped and missed picking,with the sum of the losses accounting for 99.87%and 97.99%of the total losses of the two harvesters,respectively;this suggests that the drum pickup of the combine harvesters could not adapt to harvesting the peanut after cutting stalks.The breakage rates of the three harvesters were considerably reduced,suggesting that the pod picking devices of the three harvesters were suitable for harvesting the peanut after cutting stalks;the impurity rates of the three harvesters were considerably increased,indicating that the pod picking and cleaning devices of the three harvesters were not suitable for harvesting peanut after cutting stalks.To improve the adaptabilities of the harvesters,it is suggested that the speed of pickup elastic tooth,lateral spacing between adjacent elastic teeth,concave screen hole size of pod picking device,the structure and motion parameters of cleaning device should be optimized.The results of this study provide a reference for the development and improvement of peanut harvesters suitable for harvesting peanuts after the cutting of stalks.展开更多
文摘为明确带茎采收对烤后上部烟叶质量的影响,以‘云烟87’为试材,通过主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)和变量权重重要性排序(variable importance in projection,VIP)等多维数据分析方法,研究湖北省6个乡镇带茎采烤与逐叶采烤烤后烟外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、感官质量等的差异。结果表明,剔除偏离指标后PLS-DA模型R_(X)^(2)=0.578、R_(Y)^(2)=0.997、Q^(2)_(PLS-DA)=0.96,模型有效;对模型进行200次响应排序,R^(2)_(intercept)、Q^(2)_(intercept)截距分别为0.903、-0.0125,模型拟合较好;最终共筛选出VIP>1.0指标差异较大的变量,包括还原糖、总糖、感官质量和多种氨基酸含量等共27项,其中总糖、还原糖、感官权重总分、香气质、杂气、刺激性6项为正向作用,其余21种为负向作用。综上所述,带茎采烤有利于提高上部烟叶的总糖、还原糖和部分感官因素的含量,不利于总氮、氨基酸类物质含量的提高。
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51905282)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences basic research business fee special(S201917,S202011-02)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13-harvest mechanization)the Green farming and mechanization of the underground fruits harvesting innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘At present,there are no harvesters specifically adapted to process peanuts after cutting stalks.In particular,methods for harvesting peanuts after cutting stalks have not been reported thus far.Therefore,to utilize peanut stalks as feed when harvesting plastic-film-grown peanuts,and to improve industry benefits,a three-stage harvesting method is proposed herein.In view of the three-stage harvesting method,the peanut stalks are cut before digging,with the remaining peanut plants being shorter,thereby increasing the peanut pod-stalk ratio.To investigate the adaptabilities of existing harvesters in harvesting peanuts after cutting stalks,three types of peanut harvesters-the self-propelled pick-up combine harvester,trailed pick-up combine harvester,and peanut picker were used to conduct a comparative test on harvesting intact peanut plants and plants after cutting stalks.The loss,breakage and impurity rates were used as evaluation indicators.The loss rates of these three harvesters were 14.64%,16.44%and 1.33%;the breakage rates were 21.28%,21.92%and 20.00%,and impurity rates were 4.60%,8.76%and 9.06%.Analysis of variance showed that cutting stalks had a significant impact on the work qualities of the three harvesters(p<0.05).With regard to the loss rate,results revealed that:the two peanut combine harvesters could not be adapted to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks.The three harvesters had good adaptability to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks,considering the breakage rate;however,based on the impurity rate,the three harvesters could not be adapted to harvest peanut plants after cutting stalks.The losses of the two combine harvesters consisted mainly of dropped and missed picking,with the sum of the losses accounting for 99.87%and 97.99%of the total losses of the two harvesters,respectively;this suggests that the drum pickup of the combine harvesters could not adapt to harvesting the peanut after cutting stalks.The breakage rates of the three harvesters were considerably reduced,suggesting that the pod picking devices of the three harvesters were suitable for harvesting the peanut after cutting stalks;the impurity rates of the three harvesters were considerably increased,indicating that the pod picking and cleaning devices of the three harvesters were not suitable for harvesting peanut after cutting stalks.To improve the adaptabilities of the harvesters,it is suggested that the speed of pickup elastic tooth,lateral spacing between adjacent elastic teeth,concave screen hole size of pod picking device,the structure and motion parameters of cleaning device should be optimized.The results of this study provide a reference for the development and improvement of peanut harvesters suitable for harvesting peanuts after the cutting of stalks.
