Ciliates are a dominant group in the marine sediment microecosystem,and their interactions with symbiotic prokaryotes are important for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of marine benthic eukaryotes.However,the ...Ciliates are a dominant group in the marine sediment microecosystem,and their interactions with symbiotic prokaryotes are important for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of marine benthic eukaryotes.However,the microbial communities(microbiome)associated with most benthic ciliates and the taxonomic attributes of the dominant symbiotic bacteria are unclear.In this study,we focused on Paraspathidium apofuscum,a ciliate prevalent in marine benthic environments,and comprehensively explored the diversity and cellular location of the microbiomes in two P.apofuscum isolates using single-cell-based full-length16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,phylogenetic analysis,and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The results showed that the P.apofuscum cell surface carried a highly diverse microbiome whose cellular localization was consistent with the positions of the ciliate's somatic dikinetids.The dominant genera in the microbiome,Pseudoalteromonas,Halobacteriovorax and Oceaniserpentilla,were associated with unicellular eukaryotes.In particular,Pseudoalteromonas likely uses ciliate-secreted metabolites as nutrients and plays a role in host physical protection or pathogen resistance.Halobacteriovorax and Oceaniserpentilla are newly discovered or rare bacterial genera innovatively found to have ecological niches in symbiosis with benthic ciliates.Comparison analysis indicates that the microbiomes associated with benthic ciliates display species and population specificity,which are attributed to several factors such as environmental physicochemical properties,host physiological states,and interactions among associated bacteria.This study provides important insights into the environmental adaptation of eukaryotes through a symbiotic mechanism in the marine benthic environment.展开更多
Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting...Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages(SLAM_phi ST45 and SLAM_phiST56)and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri(SLAM_LAR11)in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Results Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks,comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment.In contrast with phage-only treatment,the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy(P<0.0001)and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly(P=0.028)and hepatomegaly(P=0.011).In the ileum,the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(VH/CD)increased significantly(P=0.044).In the colon,expression of tight-junction genes OCLN(P=0.014),TJP1(P<0.0001),and MUC2(P=0.011)was elevated,whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced(P=0.018).These improvements were accompanied,in the cecum,by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella(P=0.09)and Clostridium(P=0.16)and a trend toward an increase in Blautia(P=0.11);additionally,in the ileum,Lactobacillus(P=0.037)and Blautia(P=0.016)increased significantly,yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment.Consistently,levels of functional metabolites,including acetic acid(LDA=3.32)and lactic acid(LDA=5.29),were increased.Conclusion Taken together,these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health,highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.展开更多
Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and ...Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and systemic inflammation,as well as whether this association is modified by indoor particulate matter and the underlying mechanisms.In this prospective repeated-measure study among 66 participants,indoor airborne mi-crobiome was characterized using amplicon sequencing and qPCR.Indoor fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particulate matter(PM10)were measured.Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were assessed,including white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEUT),monocyte,eosinophil counts,and their proportions.Targeted serum amino acid metabolomics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.Linear mixed-effect models re-vealed that bacterial and fungal Simpson diversity were significantly associated with decreased WBC and NEUT.For example,for each interquartile range increase in the bacterial Simpson diversity,WBC and NEUT changed by-4.53%(95%CI:-8.25%,-0.66%)and-5.95%(95%CI:-11.3%,-0.27%),respectively.Notably,increased inflammatory risks of airborne microbial exposure were observed when indoor PM_(2.5) and PM10 levels were below the WHO air quality guidelines.Mediation analyses indicated that dopamine metabolism partially mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of fungal diversity exposure.Overall,our study indicated protection from a diverse indoor microbial environment on cardiovascular health and proposed an underlying mechanism through amino acid metabolism.Additionally,health risks associated with microbial exposure deserve more attention in con-texts of low indoor particulate matter pollution.Further research is necessary to fully disentangle the complex relationships between indoor microbiome,air pollutants,and human health.展开更多
The poultry gut microbiome plays a key role in nutrient digestion,immune function,and overall health.Differences among various farming systems,including conventional,antibiotic-free,free-range,and organic systems,infl...The poultry gut microbiome plays a key role in nutrient digestion,immune function,and overall health.Differences among various farming systems,including conventional,antibiotic-free,free-range,and organic systems,influence microbial composition and function through variations in diet,genetic selection,environmental exposure,and antibiotic use.Conventional systems typically rely on formulated diets and controlled housing conditions,often with routine antimicrobial use.In contrast,organic systems emphasize natural feed ingredients,including roughage,outdoor access,and strict limitations on the use of antibiotics.These divergent practices shape the gut microbiota differently,with organic systems generally associated with greater exposure to environmental microbes and,consequently,greater microbial diversity.However,the implications of this increased diversity for poultry health and performance are complex,as organic systems may also carry a higher risk of pathogen exposure.This review summarizes current findings on the chicken gut microbiome across conventional and alternative production systems(antibiotic-free,freerange,and organic),focusing on microbial diversity,functional potential,and disease resilience.The need for standardized methodologies and consistent nomenclature in microbiome research is also discussed to improve comparability across studies.Understanding how production systems influence the gut microbiota is essential for improving poultry health and productivity while addressing challenges related to antimicrobial resistance and sustainable farming practices.展开更多
Nanotechnology has provided thousands of novel nano-antimicrobials possessing features uncommon in clinically available antimicrobials.Here,nanocarriers loaded with conventional antimicrobials and responding to enviro...Nanotechnology has provided thousands of novel nano-antimicrobials possessing features uncommon in clinically available antimicrobials.Here,nanocarriers loaded with conventional antimicrobials and responding to environmental changes upon entry into oral biofilms are reviewed.Supra-gingival biofilms are characterized by acidic pH,the presence of bacterial enzymes,and the development of hypoxia in deeper layers.Sub-gingival biofilms are slightly alkaline,with hypoxia occurring over their entire depth.Upon entering biofilms,negatively charged,pH-and/or hypoxia-responsive nanocarriers become positively charged.This charge reversal leads to electrostatic double-layer attraction between positively charged nanocarriers towards negatively charged,waterfilled channel walls in biofilms,enhancing their accumulation in a biofilm.Degradation of bacterial enzyme-responsive nanocarriers causes in-biofilm release of antimicrobial cargo,yielding higher local antimicrobial concentrations than can be achieved through their direct,oral administration without harming soft tissues.Enhanced antibiofilm activity after in-biofilm antimicrobial release from biofilm-responsive micelles and liposomes has been demonstrated in vitro towards single-species Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms or in vivo using specific-pathogen-free rodents inoculated with selected pathogens.This preferential antibacterial activity regulated the microbial composition of ex vivo human oral biofilm towards a more healthy microbiome composition.Although clinical confirmation is limited,the potential benefits of stimuli-responsive,antimicrobial-loaded nanocarriers for oral biofilm control and microbiome restoration are worth further investigation towards clinical translation.展开更多
Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic re...Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes.Methods:Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025,respectively.Eligible studies included free full-text English-language randomized clinical trials and human observational studies reporting on gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes.RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were employed in the evaluation of bias for randomized trials and observational studies,respectively.Data extracted was narratively analyzed.Results:Six studies involving a total of 361 individuals were included.Therapeutic interventions,either standard treatments and/or those targeting the gut microbiome,generally increased probiotic taxa and reduced pro-carcinogenic bacteria.However,no consistent pattern of improved clinical outcomes was observed,suggesting that treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics play critical roles in microbiome modulation.Conclusion:The gut microbiome holds significant potential in clinical settings.Nonetheless,further research is needed to better understand its functional aspects and to consider the influence of treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics as modulators,in order to optimize clinical outcomes.展开更多
Background The gayal(Bos frontalis),a semi-domesticated bovine species,demonstrates exceptional adaptability to lignocellulose-rich diets dominated by bamboo,suggesting the presence of a specialized gastrointestinal m...Background The gayal(Bos frontalis),a semi-domesticated bovine species,demonstrates exceptional adaptability to lignocellulose-rich diets dominated by bamboo,suggesting the presence of a specialized gastrointestinal microbiome.However,the functional mechanisms underlying this host-microbiome interaction remain poorly understood.Here,we conducted integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of rumen,cecum,and colon digesta from yellow cattle and gayal raised on the same bamboo-based high-fiber diet.Results The results showed that gayal exhibited superior fiber-degrading capacity relative to yellow cattle,evidenced by significantly higher(P<0.05)fiber digestibility,cellulase and xylanase activities,and increased volatile fatty acids production despite identical feed intake.Microbial community analysis revealed distinct composition in both the rumen and hindgut of gayal compared to yellow cattle,with notable enrichment of taxa specialized in lignocellulose degradation.Metatranscriptomic profiling further identified upregulation of key lignin-modification enzymes,particularly AA6,AA2,and AA3,primarily encoded by Prevotella,Cryptobacteroides,Limimorpha,and Ventricola.These enzymes are known to modify lignin structure to increase polysaccharide accessibility.These results demonstrate that gayal hosts a unique and metabolically active gastrointestinal microbiome capable of efficient lignocellulose deconstruction through a coordinated enzymatic cascade,especially effective in dismantling lignin barriers.Conclusions This study provides novel insights into host-microbiome co-adaptation to fibrous feeds and highlights the potential of gayal-derived microbial consortia and enzymes for improving roughage utilization in ruminant agriculture.展开更多
In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and en...In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and enhanced antitumor immunity via the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in cytotoxic CD8+T cells.These data support the growing awareness that the clinical benefits of MVPA are achieved at least in part through enhanced immunity with support from the gut microbiome.展开更多
The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,...The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.展开更多
Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inha...Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inhabiting hyperaccumulating(HE)and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype(NHE)of Sedum alfredii grown in soils with varying heavy metal concentration,was characterized.Compared with NHE,the microbial communityα-diversity was greater in HE.Core phyllosphere taxa with high relative abundance(>10%),including Streptomyces and Nocardia(bacteria),Cladosporium and Acremonium(fungi),were significantly related to cadmium(Cd)and zinc(Zn)concentration and biomass of host plants.Moreover,microbial co-occurrence networks in HE exhibited greater complexity than those in NHE.Additionally,proportions of positive associations in HE bacterial networks increased with the rising heavy metal concentration,indicating a higher resistance of HE phyllosphere microbiome to heavy metal stress.Furthermore,in contrast to NHE,microbial community functions,primarily involved in heavy metal stress resistance,were more abundant in HE,in which microbiome assisted hosts to resist heavy metal stress better.Collectively,this study indicated that phyllosphere microbiome of the hyperaccumulator played an indispensable role in assisting hosts to resist heavy metal stress,and provided new insights into phyllosphere microbial application potential in phytoremediation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed ...BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.展开更多
Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated ...Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated the discovery of genetic variants linked to cancer susceptibility.While hundreds of cancer-susceptibility genes have been identified,they only explain a small fraction of the overall cancer risk,a phenomenon known as"missing heritability".Despite progress,even considering factors such as epistasis,epigenetics,and gene-environment interactions,the missing heritability remains unresolved.Recent research has revealed that an individual's microbiome composition plays a significant role in cancer susceptibility through several mechanisms,such as modulating immune cell activity and influencing the presence or removal of environmental carcinogens.In this review,we examine the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer risk and explore gene-microbiome and environment-microbiome interactions that may contribute to cancer susceptibility.Additionally,we highlight the importance of experimental models,such as collaborative cross mice,and advanced analytical tools,like artificial intelligence,in identifying microbial factors associated with cancer risk.Understanding these microbial determinants can open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing cancer risk and guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gastric microbiome is closely associated with gastric cancer,and single-region 16S rRNA sequencing has limitations in analyzing its characteristics,necessitating the search for a better sequencing metho...BACKGROUND The gastric microbiome is closely associated with gastric cancer,and single-region 16S rRNA sequencing has limitations in analyzing its characteristics,necessitating the search for a better sequencing method.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of multi-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing in studying the microbiome of gastric cancer tissues.METHODS Patients with gastric cancer(n=118)who underwent surgery at Liyang People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled.Fifty-nine paraffinembedded and 59 fresh tissue samples were obtained.The ZymoBIOMICSTM microbial community standard and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used as positive controls.Multi-region and single-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed.Species identification,detection rates at varying microbial abundances,operational taxonomic unit(OTU)counts,and alpha diversity indices in gastric cancer tissues were compared between the two methods.RESULTS Multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing identified more species(eight species and eight genera)in the positive controls compared with single-region sequencing(one species and six genera).Detection rates at concentrations of 103,102,and 10 CFU/mg were significantly higher using multi-region sequencing(P<0.05).Multi-region sequencing also revealed significantly higher OTU counts and alpha diversity indices(Shannon,Simpson,and Chao1)in gastric cancer tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with single-region sequencing,multi-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrates superior species resolution and detection sensitivity,providing a more comprehensive profile of microbial diversity in gastric cancer tissues.展开更多
Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to i...Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants.The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine(RPMet)and rumen-protected lysine(RPLys)supplementation,however,it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process.Here,we applied metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to compare the characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies in the colon of lambs fed a control diet(CON),a low-protein diet(LP)or a LP diet supplemented with RPMet and RPLys(LR).Results The LP treatment decreased the average daily weight gain(ADG)in lambs,while the LR treatment tended to elicit a remission in ADG.The butyrate molar concentration was greater(P<0.05),while acetate molar concentration(P<0.05)was lower for lambs fed the LP and LR diets compared to those fed the CON diet.Moreover,the LP treatment remarkably decreased total AA concentration(P<0.05),while LR treatment showed an improvement in the concentrations of methionine,lysine,leucine,glutamate,and tryptophan.Metagenomic insights proved that the microbial metabolic potentials referring to biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and AAs in the colon were remarkably altered by three dietary treatments.Metagenomic binning identified distinct microbial markers for the CON group(Alistipes spp.,Phocaeicola spp.,and Ruminococcus spp.),LP group(Fibrobacter spp.,Prevotella spp.,Ruminococcus spp.,and Escherichia coli),and LR group(Akkermansia muciniphila and RUG099 spp.).Conclusions Our findings suggest that RPMet and RPLys supplementation to the low-protein diet could enhance the microbial biosynthesis of butyrate and amino acids,enriche the beneficial bacteria in the colon,and thereby improve the growth performance of lambs.展开更多
Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the envi...Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the environment as ammonia gas leading to environmental acidification and nutrient enrichment of sensitive habitats,and to watercourses contributing to aquatic eutrophication.While there is much evidence that NUE can be improved by reducing the crude protein(CP)content of dairy cow diets,the long-term impacts of feeding lower protein diets on cow performance and the rumen microbiome are less well understood.This study examined the effects of reducing the CP contents of dairy cow diets on cow performance,NUE,the relationship between NUE and residual feed intake(RFI),and the rumen microbiome.Results Dietary CP content did not affect feed intake,milk yield or milk composition(P>0.05),except for milk urea N(MUN),which increased with increasing diet CP content(P<0.05).The mean NUE was 34%,34%and 31%for the LCP(low-protein,15%),MCP(medium-protein,16%),and HCP(high-protein,17%)diets,respectively.RFI was negatively correlated with NUE(r=−0.57,P<0.001).The rumen ammonia-N concentrations increased with increasing dietary CP;however,the ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid(VFA)content of the rumen fluid remained constant.Predicted urinary N excretion was greater in the HCP and MCP diets than in the LCP diet.Reducing dietary CP content in dairy cow diets did not affect microbial composition,diversity and functional profiles.The family Bacteroidaceae was more abundant in HE(high-efficiency)cows,whereas the Methanobacteriaceae and the genus Methanobrevibacter were more abundant in LE(low-efficiency)cows.Additionally,propanoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in HE cows,whilst the methane(CH4)metabolism pathway was upregulated in LE cows.Conclusions The results demonstrate that diet CP can be reduced with no loss in cow performance,but with an associated reduction in N excretion.The abundance of microbial populations differed between low and high efficiency cows,which may contribute to the differences in efficiency observed.展开更多
The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curc...The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.展开更多
This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutri...This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.展开更多
The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this s...The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this study,Coelastrea palauensis corals were collected from tropical and subtropical CRR in the South China Sea,and bacterial,archaeal,and fungal communities in polyps and skeletons were analyzed.Results showed that the microbial diversity and composition of C.palauensis significantly differed between the polyps and skeletons,and between the tropical and subtropical CRR.Regarding bacteria associated with corals,C.palauensis was mainly associated with bacteria closely related to the nitrogen cycle in the subtropical CRR.The relative abundances of Terasakiellaceae and Chlorobium in both coral polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were higher than those in the tropical CRR.In the tropical CRR,C.palauensis was mainly associated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.The relative abundances of Tenacibaculum and Vibrio in coral polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR were higher than those in the subtropical CRR.Regarding archaea associated with corals,polyps and skeletons of C.palauensis in both tropical and subtropical reef areas were dominated by n_Woesearchaeales,and the relative abundance of n_Woesearchaeales in skeletons is significantly higher than that in polyps.In addition,the relative abundances of n_Woesearchaeales in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were significantly higher than those in the tropical CRR.Regarding fungi associated with corals,Ascomycota was dominant in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR,while Sordariomycetes,Periconia,Cladosporium,and Aspergillus were dominant in polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR.Besides,the diversity differences of coral-associated microorganisms were related to environmental factors such as nutrients and temperature that may affect the survival of coral-associated microorganisms.These results implied that corals may adjust the composition of microorganisms,conducive the coral holobiont to better adapting the environment.Our research will be beneficial in understanding the differences and adaptations of coral polyp and skeletal microbiome.展开更多
The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganism...The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.展开更多
Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s hea...Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42176163 and 31970398)。
文摘Ciliates are a dominant group in the marine sediment microecosystem,and their interactions with symbiotic prokaryotes are important for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of marine benthic eukaryotes.However,the microbial communities(microbiome)associated with most benthic ciliates and the taxonomic attributes of the dominant symbiotic bacteria are unclear.In this study,we focused on Paraspathidium apofuscum,a ciliate prevalent in marine benthic environments,and comprehensively explored the diversity and cellular location of the microbiomes in two P.apofuscum isolates using single-cell-based full-length16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,phylogenetic analysis,and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The results showed that the P.apofuscum cell surface carried a highly diverse microbiome whose cellular localization was consistent with the positions of the ciliate's somatic dikinetids.The dominant genera in the microbiome,Pseudoalteromonas,Halobacteriovorax and Oceaniserpentilla,were associated with unicellular eukaryotes.In particular,Pseudoalteromonas likely uses ciliate-secreted metabolites as nutrients and plays a role in host physical protection or pathogen resistance.Halobacteriovorax and Oceaniserpentilla are newly discovered or rare bacterial genera innovatively found to have ecological niches in symbiosis with benthic ciliates.Comparison analysis indicates that the microbiomes associated with benthic ciliates display species and population specificity,which are attributed to several factors such as environmental physicochemical properties,host physiological states,and interactions among associated bacteria.This study provides important insights into the environmental adaptation of eukaryotes through a symbiotic mechanism in the marine benthic environment.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grantfunded by the Korean government(MEST)(NRF-2021R1A2C3011051)by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00218476)。
文摘Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages(SLAM_phi ST45 and SLAM_phiST56)and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri(SLAM_LAR11)in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Results Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks,comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment.In contrast with phage-only treatment,the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy(P<0.0001)and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly(P=0.028)and hepatomegaly(P=0.011).In the ileum,the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(VH/CD)increased significantly(P=0.044).In the colon,expression of tight-junction genes OCLN(P=0.014),TJP1(P<0.0001),and MUC2(P=0.011)was elevated,whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced(P=0.018).These improvements were accompanied,in the cecum,by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella(P=0.09)and Clostridium(P=0.16)and a trend toward an increase in Blautia(P=0.11);additionally,in the ileum,Lactobacillus(P=0.037)and Blautia(P=0.016)increased significantly,yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment.Consistently,levels of functional metabolites,including acetic acid(LDA=3.32)and lactic acid(LDA=5.29),were increased.Conclusion Taken together,these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health,highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376005,22076006 and 82073506).
文摘Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and systemic inflammation,as well as whether this association is modified by indoor particulate matter and the underlying mechanisms.In this prospective repeated-measure study among 66 participants,indoor airborne mi-crobiome was characterized using amplicon sequencing and qPCR.Indoor fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particulate matter(PM10)were measured.Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were assessed,including white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEUT),monocyte,eosinophil counts,and their proportions.Targeted serum amino acid metabolomics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.Linear mixed-effect models re-vealed that bacterial and fungal Simpson diversity were significantly associated with decreased WBC and NEUT.For example,for each interquartile range increase in the bacterial Simpson diversity,WBC and NEUT changed by-4.53%(95%CI:-8.25%,-0.66%)and-5.95%(95%CI:-11.3%,-0.27%),respectively.Notably,increased inflammatory risks of airborne microbial exposure were observed when indoor PM_(2.5) and PM10 levels were below the WHO air quality guidelines.Mediation analyses indicated that dopamine metabolism partially mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of fungal diversity exposure.Overall,our study indicated protection from a diverse indoor microbial environment on cardiovascular health and proposed an underlying mechanism through amino acid metabolism.Additionally,health risks associated with microbial exposure deserve more attention in con-texts of low indoor particulate matter pollution.Further research is necessary to fully disentangle the complex relationships between indoor microbiome,air pollutants,and human health.
基金supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Regional Identity(BMLEH)based on a decision of the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE)under the Federal Programme for Ecological Farming and Other Forms of Sustainable Agriculture(FKZ 2821OE034)。
文摘The poultry gut microbiome plays a key role in nutrient digestion,immune function,and overall health.Differences among various farming systems,including conventional,antibiotic-free,free-range,and organic systems,influence microbial composition and function through variations in diet,genetic selection,environmental exposure,and antibiotic use.Conventional systems typically rely on formulated diets and controlled housing conditions,often with routine antimicrobial use.In contrast,organic systems emphasize natural feed ingredients,including roughage,outdoor access,and strict limitations on the use of antibiotics.These divergent practices shape the gut microbiota differently,with organic systems generally associated with greater exposure to environmental microbes and,consequently,greater microbial diversity.However,the implications of this increased diversity for poultry health and performance are complex,as organic systems may also carry a higher risk of pathogen exposure.This review summarizes current findings on the chicken gut microbiome across conventional and alternative production systems(antibiotic-free,freerange,and organic),focusing on microbial diversity,functional potential,and disease resilience.The need for standardized methodologies and consistent nomenclature in microbiome research is also discussed to improve comparability across studies.Understanding how production systems influence the gut microbiota is essential for improving poultry health and productivity while addressing challenges related to antimicrobial resistance and sustainable farming practices.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (32322044)the CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine (W0077)+1 种基金the Program for Scientific and Technological Innovation Leader of Chongqing (CQYC20220303655)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301144)。
文摘Nanotechnology has provided thousands of novel nano-antimicrobials possessing features uncommon in clinically available antimicrobials.Here,nanocarriers loaded with conventional antimicrobials and responding to environmental changes upon entry into oral biofilms are reviewed.Supra-gingival biofilms are characterized by acidic pH,the presence of bacterial enzymes,and the development of hypoxia in deeper layers.Sub-gingival biofilms are slightly alkaline,with hypoxia occurring over their entire depth.Upon entering biofilms,negatively charged,pH-and/or hypoxia-responsive nanocarriers become positively charged.This charge reversal leads to electrostatic double-layer attraction between positively charged nanocarriers towards negatively charged,waterfilled channel walls in biofilms,enhancing their accumulation in a biofilm.Degradation of bacterial enzyme-responsive nanocarriers causes in-biofilm release of antimicrobial cargo,yielding higher local antimicrobial concentrations than can be achieved through their direct,oral administration without harming soft tissues.Enhanced antibiofilm activity after in-biofilm antimicrobial release from biofilm-responsive micelles and liposomes has been demonstrated in vitro towards single-species Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms or in vivo using specific-pathogen-free rodents inoculated with selected pathogens.This preferential antibacterial activity regulated the microbial composition of ex vivo human oral biofilm towards a more healthy microbiome composition.Although clinical confirmation is limited,the potential benefits of stimuli-responsive,antimicrobial-loaded nanocarriers for oral biofilm control and microbiome restoration are worth further investigation towards clinical translation.
基金supported by FCT/MCTES UIDP/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020)UIDB/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05608/2020).
文摘Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes.Methods:Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025,respectively.Eligible studies included free full-text English-language randomized clinical trials and human observational studies reporting on gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes.RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were employed in the evaluation of bias for randomized trials and observational studies,respectively.Data extracted was narratively analyzed.Results:Six studies involving a total of 361 individuals were included.Therapeutic interventions,either standard treatments and/or those targeting the gut microbiome,generally increased probiotic taxa and reduced pro-carcinogenic bacteria.However,no consistent pattern of improved clinical outcomes was observed,suggesting that treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics play critical roles in microbiome modulation.Conclusion:The gut microbiome holds significant potential in clinical settings.Nonetheless,further research is needed to better understand its functional aspects and to consider the influence of treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics as modulators,in order to optimize clinical outcomes.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2202203)。
文摘Background The gayal(Bos frontalis),a semi-domesticated bovine species,demonstrates exceptional adaptability to lignocellulose-rich diets dominated by bamboo,suggesting the presence of a specialized gastrointestinal microbiome.However,the functional mechanisms underlying this host-microbiome interaction remain poorly understood.Here,we conducted integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of rumen,cecum,and colon digesta from yellow cattle and gayal raised on the same bamboo-based high-fiber diet.Results The results showed that gayal exhibited superior fiber-degrading capacity relative to yellow cattle,evidenced by significantly higher(P<0.05)fiber digestibility,cellulase and xylanase activities,and increased volatile fatty acids production despite identical feed intake.Microbial community analysis revealed distinct composition in both the rumen and hindgut of gayal compared to yellow cattle,with notable enrichment of taxa specialized in lignocellulose degradation.Metatranscriptomic profiling further identified upregulation of key lignin-modification enzymes,particularly AA6,AA2,and AA3,primarily encoded by Prevotella,Cryptobacteroides,Limimorpha,and Ventricola.These enzymes are known to modify lignin structure to increase polysaccharide accessibility.These results demonstrate that gayal hosts a unique and metabolically active gastrointestinal microbiome capable of efficient lignocellulose deconstruction through a coordinated enzymatic cascade,especially effective in dismantling lignin barriers.Conclusions This study provides novel insights into host-microbiome co-adaptation to fibrous feeds and highlights the potential of gayal-derived microbial consortia and enzymes for improving roughage utilization in ruminant agriculture.
文摘In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and enhanced antitumor immunity via the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in cytotoxic CD8+T cells.These data support the growing awareness that the clinical benefits of MVPA are achieved at least in part through enhanced immunity with support from the gut microbiome.
文摘The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177008,and 42377005)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712770)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inhabiting hyperaccumulating(HE)and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype(NHE)of Sedum alfredii grown in soils with varying heavy metal concentration,was characterized.Compared with NHE,the microbial communityα-diversity was greater in HE.Core phyllosphere taxa with high relative abundance(>10%),including Streptomyces and Nocardia(bacteria),Cladosporium and Acremonium(fungi),were significantly related to cadmium(Cd)and zinc(Zn)concentration and biomass of host plants.Moreover,microbial co-occurrence networks in HE exhibited greater complexity than those in NHE.Additionally,proportions of positive associations in HE bacterial networks increased with the rising heavy metal concentration,indicating a higher resistance of HE phyllosphere microbiome to heavy metal stress.Furthermore,in contrast to NHE,microbial community functions,primarily involved in heavy metal stress resistance,were more abundant in HE,in which microbiome assisted hosts to resist heavy metal stress better.Collectively,this study indicated that phyllosphere microbiome of the hyperaccumulator played an indispensable role in assisting hosts to resist heavy metal stress,and provided new insights into phyllosphere microbial application potential in phytoremediation.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Youth Fund Project,No.Q202268Wuxi Scientific and technological breakthrough of“Light of the Taihu Lake”(Basic Research),No.K20221039+4 种基金Jiangsu Shuangchuang Doctoral Program,No.JSSCBS20221991Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Incubating Program,No.PX2023070 and No.PX2024072Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.SF2024-4-2134Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program,No.QML20232003the Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee,No.HB2023089.
文摘BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.
基金Supported by The United States Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program,No.BC190820the National Institutes of Health,No.R01ES031322.
文摘Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated the discovery of genetic variants linked to cancer susceptibility.While hundreds of cancer-susceptibility genes have been identified,they only explain a small fraction of the overall cancer risk,a phenomenon known as"missing heritability".Despite progress,even considering factors such as epistasis,epigenetics,and gene-environment interactions,the missing heritability remains unresolved.Recent research has revealed that an individual's microbiome composition plays a significant role in cancer susceptibility through several mechanisms,such as modulating immune cell activity and influencing the presence or removal of environmental carcinogens.In this review,we examine the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer risk and explore gene-microbiome and environment-microbiome interactions that may contribute to cancer susceptibility.Additionally,we highlight the importance of experimental models,such as collaborative cross mice,and advanced analytical tools,like artificial intelligence,in identifying microbial factors associated with cancer risk.Understanding these microbial determinants can open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing cancer risk and guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.
基金Supported by Liyang People's Hospital Technology Project,No.2021YJKT0013。
文摘BACKGROUND The gastric microbiome is closely associated with gastric cancer,and single-region 16S rRNA sequencing has limitations in analyzing its characteristics,necessitating the search for a better sequencing method.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of multi-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing in studying the microbiome of gastric cancer tissues.METHODS Patients with gastric cancer(n=118)who underwent surgery at Liyang People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled.Fifty-nine paraffinembedded and 59 fresh tissue samples were obtained.The ZymoBIOMICSTM microbial community standard and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used as positive controls.Multi-region and single-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed.Species identification,detection rates at varying microbial abundances,operational taxonomic unit(OTU)counts,and alpha diversity indices in gastric cancer tissues were compared between the two methods.RESULTS Multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing identified more species(eight species and eight genera)in the positive controls compared with single-region sequencing(one species and six genera).Detection rates at concentrations of 103,102,and 10 CFU/mg were significantly higher using multi-region sequencing(P<0.05).Multi-region sequencing also revealed significantly higher OTU counts and alpha diversity indices(Shannon,Simpson,and Chao1)in gastric cancer tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with single-region sequencing,multi-region 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrates superior species resolution and detection sensitivity,providing a more comprehensive profile of microbial diversity in gastric cancer tissues.
基金jointly supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(161343KYSB20200015)Guangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023GXNSFAA026107)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1158)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2023382)。
文摘Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants.The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine(RPMet)and rumen-protected lysine(RPLys)supplementation,however,it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process.Here,we applied metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to compare the characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies in the colon of lambs fed a control diet(CON),a low-protein diet(LP)or a LP diet supplemented with RPMet and RPLys(LR).Results The LP treatment decreased the average daily weight gain(ADG)in lambs,while the LR treatment tended to elicit a remission in ADG.The butyrate molar concentration was greater(P<0.05),while acetate molar concentration(P<0.05)was lower for lambs fed the LP and LR diets compared to those fed the CON diet.Moreover,the LP treatment remarkably decreased total AA concentration(P<0.05),while LR treatment showed an improvement in the concentrations of methionine,lysine,leucine,glutamate,and tryptophan.Metagenomic insights proved that the microbial metabolic potentials referring to biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and AAs in the colon were remarkably altered by three dietary treatments.Metagenomic binning identified distinct microbial markers for the CON group(Alistipes spp.,Phocaeicola spp.,and Ruminococcus spp.),LP group(Fibrobacter spp.,Prevotella spp.,Ruminococcus spp.,and Escherichia coli),and LR group(Akkermansia muciniphila and RUG099 spp.).Conclusions Our findings suggest that RPMet and RPLys supplementation to the low-protein diet could enhance the microbial biosynthesis of butyrate and amino acids,enriche the beneficial bacteria in the colon,and thereby improve the growth performance of lambs.
基金funded by UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)doctoral training grant no:BB/T008776/1the Department of Agriculture,Environment and Rural Affairs(DAERA)by Trouw Nutrition and by John Thompsons and Sons Ltd.
文摘Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the environment as ammonia gas leading to environmental acidification and nutrient enrichment of sensitive habitats,and to watercourses contributing to aquatic eutrophication.While there is much evidence that NUE can be improved by reducing the crude protein(CP)content of dairy cow diets,the long-term impacts of feeding lower protein diets on cow performance and the rumen microbiome are less well understood.This study examined the effects of reducing the CP contents of dairy cow diets on cow performance,NUE,the relationship between NUE and residual feed intake(RFI),and the rumen microbiome.Results Dietary CP content did not affect feed intake,milk yield or milk composition(P>0.05),except for milk urea N(MUN),which increased with increasing diet CP content(P<0.05).The mean NUE was 34%,34%and 31%for the LCP(low-protein,15%),MCP(medium-protein,16%),and HCP(high-protein,17%)diets,respectively.RFI was negatively correlated with NUE(r=−0.57,P<0.001).The rumen ammonia-N concentrations increased with increasing dietary CP;however,the ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid(VFA)content of the rumen fluid remained constant.Predicted urinary N excretion was greater in the HCP and MCP diets than in the LCP diet.Reducing dietary CP content in dairy cow diets did not affect microbial composition,diversity and functional profiles.The family Bacteroidaceae was more abundant in HE(high-efficiency)cows,whereas the Methanobacteriaceae and the genus Methanobrevibacter were more abundant in LE(low-efficiency)cows.Additionally,propanoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in HE cows,whilst the methane(CH4)metabolism pathway was upregulated in LE cows.Conclusions The results demonstrate that diet CP can be reduced with no loss in cow performance,but with an associated reduction in N excretion.The abundance of microbial populations differed between low and high efficiency cows,which may contribute to the differences in efficiency observed.
文摘The intricate interplay between natural compounds like curcumin and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic implications in various health conditions.Curcumin,a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric,exhibits diverse pharmacological properties,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anticancer effects.Understanding how curcumin modulates gut microbiota composition and function is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms.This review examines the current literature on the interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome.A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of curcumin on gut microbial diversity and abundance.Key findings from studies exploring curcumin's efficacy in neurological disorders,gastrointestinal diseases,and metabolic dysfunction are synthesized and discussed.Studies have demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition and function,leading to beneficial effects on gut health and homeostasis.Mechanisms underlying curcumin's therapeutic effects include immune modulation,neuroprotection,and inflammation regulation.However,challenges such as poor bioavailability and safety concerns remain significant hurdles to overcome.The interactions between curcumin and the gut microbiome hold promise for therapeutic interventions in a diverse range of health conditions.Further research is needed to optimize curcumin formulations,improve bioavailability,and address safety concerns.
文摘This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42206157,42030502,and 42090041the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province under contract No.2022GXNSFBA035449the Self-Topic Project of Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea under contract No.GXLSCRSCS2022103.
文摘The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this study,Coelastrea palauensis corals were collected from tropical and subtropical CRR in the South China Sea,and bacterial,archaeal,and fungal communities in polyps and skeletons were analyzed.Results showed that the microbial diversity and composition of C.palauensis significantly differed between the polyps and skeletons,and between the tropical and subtropical CRR.Regarding bacteria associated with corals,C.palauensis was mainly associated with bacteria closely related to the nitrogen cycle in the subtropical CRR.The relative abundances of Terasakiellaceae and Chlorobium in both coral polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were higher than those in the tropical CRR.In the tropical CRR,C.palauensis was mainly associated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.The relative abundances of Tenacibaculum and Vibrio in coral polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR were higher than those in the subtropical CRR.Regarding archaea associated with corals,polyps and skeletons of C.palauensis in both tropical and subtropical reef areas were dominated by n_Woesearchaeales,and the relative abundance of n_Woesearchaeales in skeletons is significantly higher than that in polyps.In addition,the relative abundances of n_Woesearchaeales in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were significantly higher than those in the tropical CRR.Regarding fungi associated with corals,Ascomycota was dominant in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR,while Sordariomycetes,Periconia,Cladosporium,and Aspergillus were dominant in polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR.Besides,the diversity differences of coral-associated microorganisms were related to environmental factors such as nutrients and temperature that may affect the survival of coral-associated microorganisms.These results implied that corals may adjust the composition of microorganisms,conducive the coral holobiont to better adapting the environment.Our research will be beneficial in understanding the differences and adaptations of coral polyp and skeletal microbiome.
文摘The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.
基金supported by Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100800)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-12M-1-023/2023-12M-C&T-B-005)+1 种基金Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commissionthe National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-094).
文摘Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.
