This letter comments on the recently published manuscript by Huang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which focused on the immunomodulatory effect of Calculus bovis on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tumor mi...This letter comments on the recently published manuscript by Huang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which focused on the immunomodulatory effect of Calculus bovis on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tumor microenvironments(TME)by inhibiting M2-tumor-associated macrophage(M2-TAM)polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.Recent research highlights the crucial role of TAMs and their polarization towards the M2 phenotype in promoting HCC progression.Epigenetic regulation,particularly through microRNAs(miR),has emerged as a key factor in modulating immune responses and TAM polarization in the TME,influencing treatment responses and tumor progression.This editorial focuses on miR-206,which has been found to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis.Moreover,miR-206 enhances anti-tumor immune responses by promoting M1-polarization of Kupffer cells,facilitating CD8+T cell recruitment and suppressing liver cancer stem cell expansion.However,challenges remain in understanding the precise mechanisms regulating miR-206 and its potential as a therapeutic agent.Targeting epigenetic mechanisms and improving strategies,whether through pharmacological or genetic approaches,offer promising avenues to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy.Understanding the intricate interactions between cancer and non-coding RNA regulation opens new avenues for developing targeted therapies,potentially improving HCC prognosis.展开更多
Background: MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) and connexin 43 (Cx43) are related with the distant metastasis of breast cancer.It remains unclear whether the regulatory effect of miR-206 on Cx43 is involved in metastasis of breas...Background: MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) and connexin 43 (Cx43) are related with the distant metastasis of breast cancer.It remains unclear whether the regulatory effect of miR-206 on Cx43 is involved in metastasis of breast cancer.Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, the expressions of miR-206 and Cx43 were determined in breast cancer tissues, hepatic and pulmonary metastasis (PM), and cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231).MCF-7/MDA-M-231 cells were transfected with lentivirus-shRNA vectors to enhance/inhibit miR-206, and then Cx43 expression was observed.Cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell method were used to detect their changes in proliferation, migration, and invasion activity.The mutant plasmids of Cx43-3' untranslated region (3'UTR) at position 478-484 and position 1609-1615 were constructed.Luciferase reporter assay was performed to observe the effects of miR-206 on luciferase expression of different mutant plasmids and to confirm the potential binding sites of Cx43.Results: Cx43 protein expression in hepatic and PM was significantly higher than that in the primary tumor, while no significant difference was showed in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression.MiR-206 mRNA expression in hepatic and PM was significantly lower than that in the primary tumor.Cx43 mRNA and protein levels, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, were all significantly improved in MDA-MB-231 cells after reducing miR-206 expression but decreased in MCF-7 cells after elevating miR-206 expression, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation between miR-206 and Cx43 expression (P =0.03).MiR-206 can drastically decrease Cx43 expression of MCF-7 cells but exerts no effects on Cx43 expression in 293 cells transfected with the Cx43 coding region but the lack of Cx43-3'UTR, suggesting that Cx43-3'UTR may be the key in Cx43 regulated by miR-206.Luciferase expression showed that the inhibition efficiency was reduced by 46.80% in position 478-484 mutant, 16.72% in position 1609-1615 mutant;the inhibition was totally disappeared in double mutant (P =0.02).Conclusions: MiR-206 can regulate the expression of Cx43, the cytobiological activity, and the metastasis of breast cancer through binding to the two binding sites in Cx43-3'UTR: position 478-484 and position 1609-1615.展开更多
文摘This letter comments on the recently published manuscript by Huang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which focused on the immunomodulatory effect of Calculus bovis on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tumor microenvironments(TME)by inhibiting M2-tumor-associated macrophage(M2-TAM)polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.Recent research highlights the crucial role of TAMs and their polarization towards the M2 phenotype in promoting HCC progression.Epigenetic regulation,particularly through microRNAs(miR),has emerged as a key factor in modulating immune responses and TAM polarization in the TME,influencing treatment responses and tumor progression.This editorial focuses on miR-206,which has been found to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis.Moreover,miR-206 enhances anti-tumor immune responses by promoting M1-polarization of Kupffer cells,facilitating CD8+T cell recruitment and suppressing liver cancer stem cell expansion.However,challenges remain in understanding the precise mechanisms regulating miR-206 and its potential as a therapeutic agent.Targeting epigenetic mechanisms and improving strategies,whether through pharmacological or genetic approaches,offer promising avenues to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy.Understanding the intricate interactions between cancer and non-coding RNA regulation opens new avenues for developing targeted therapies,potentially improving HCC prognosis.
文摘Background: MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) and connexin 43 (Cx43) are related with the distant metastasis of breast cancer.It remains unclear whether the regulatory effect of miR-206 on Cx43 is involved in metastasis of breast cancer.Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, the expressions of miR-206 and Cx43 were determined in breast cancer tissues, hepatic and pulmonary metastasis (PM), and cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231).MCF-7/MDA-M-231 cells were transfected with lentivirus-shRNA vectors to enhance/inhibit miR-206, and then Cx43 expression was observed.Cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell method were used to detect their changes in proliferation, migration, and invasion activity.The mutant plasmids of Cx43-3' untranslated region (3'UTR) at position 478-484 and position 1609-1615 were constructed.Luciferase reporter assay was performed to observe the effects of miR-206 on luciferase expression of different mutant plasmids and to confirm the potential binding sites of Cx43.Results: Cx43 protein expression in hepatic and PM was significantly higher than that in the primary tumor, while no significant difference was showed in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression.MiR-206 mRNA expression in hepatic and PM was significantly lower than that in the primary tumor.Cx43 mRNA and protein levels, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities, were all significantly improved in MDA-MB-231 cells after reducing miR-206 expression but decreased in MCF-7 cells after elevating miR-206 expression, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation between miR-206 and Cx43 expression (P =0.03).MiR-206 can drastically decrease Cx43 expression of MCF-7 cells but exerts no effects on Cx43 expression in 293 cells transfected with the Cx43 coding region but the lack of Cx43-3'UTR, suggesting that Cx43-3'UTR may be the key in Cx43 regulated by miR-206.Luciferase expression showed that the inhibition efficiency was reduced by 46.80% in position 478-484 mutant, 16.72% in position 1609-1615 mutant;the inhibition was totally disappeared in double mutant (P =0.02).Conclusions: MiR-206 can regulate the expression of Cx43, the cytobiological activity, and the metastasis of breast cancer through binding to the two binding sites in Cx43-3'UTR: position 478-484 and position 1609-1615.
