The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sam...The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sample processing,instruments,energy consumed,and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures,need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays.In this study,we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods(GEMAM).The new greenness metric is simple,flexible,and comprehensive.The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC(SIGNIFICANCE)and the 10 factors of sample preparation,and the results are presented on a 0–10 scale.The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform,and its results are easy to interpret.The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.展开更多
This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,t...This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,treated with the Fenton reaction for wet peroxidation,and separated by density separation.Analysis employed Focal Plane Array Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FPA micro-FTIR),a widely used technique in MPs analysis,alongside the less common Laser Direct Infrared Spectroscopy(LDIR),providing complementary data on particle composition,shape,size,and colour.To enhance insights,spectroscopic methods were supplemented with Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(TD-GC/MS),calibrated for specific polymers,to quantify MPs by mass and assess removal efficiency.Wastewater treatment effectively reduced MPs.In influent samples,concentrations reached 72 MPs/L(FTIR),2117 MPs/L(LDIR),and 177μg/L(TD-GC/MS).Primary treatments removed 41%–55%,while the wastewater treatment plant effluent contained 1 MPs/L(FTIR),93 MPs/L(LDIR),and 2μg/L(TD-GC/MS),reflecting 96%–99%removal efficiency.Activated sludge showed concentrations of 123 MPs/L(FTIR),10,800 MPs/L(LDIR),and 0.3 mg/g dry weight(TD-GC/MS),underscoring its role in MPs capture.However,sludge dewatering released significant MPs into centrifuge rejected water:484 MPs/L(FTIR),23,000 MPs/L(LDIR),and 1100μg/L(TD-GC/MS).These results highlight the effectiveness of conventional treatments in MPs removal and the critical role of sludge in capturing these contaminants.However,sludge dewatering poses a risk of reintroducing MPs into the environment.Effective sludge management should prioritize nutrient recovery and biomass valorisation to mitigate these risks and minimise harmful environmental impacts.展开更多
Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing perfor...Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understandi...Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understanding how best to preserve,build on its remarkable achievements,and develop its intellectual legacy.Critics such as Schumpeter and Taylor have long argued that the economic reasoning found in ancient China cannot compare with that of classical Greece or medieval Europe.Yet this view often reflects the narrow assumptions of mainstream economics,defining analysis almost entirely in terms of market exchange.As a result,it tends to overlook traditions built around statecraft,governance,and the management of economic order.A careful re-examination and Sino-Western comparative analysis of key thinkers-including Mencius,Guanzi,and Sima Qian-tells a different story.Rooted in China’s distinctive cultural and philosophical heritage,traditional Chinese economic thought not only contains the analytical dimensions(as defined by Schumpeter)but also displays a broader and more diverse set of economic reasoning.Notably,its systematic depth and intellectual precision were,in many respects,remarkably advanced.Therefore,advancing the construction of a Chinese school of economics in the new era under the framework of the“Second Integration”,i.e.,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture,should,and indeed can draw essential insights from this analytical tradition.展开更多
Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao)...Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.展开更多
Rotational computed laminography(CL)has broad application potential in three-dimensional imaging of plate-like objects because it only requires X-rays to pass through the tested object in the thickness direction durin...Rotational computed laminography(CL)has broad application potential in three-dimensional imaging of plate-like objects because it only requires X-rays to pass through the tested object in the thickness direction during the imaging process.In this study,a rectangular cross-section field-of-view rotational CL(RC-CL)is proposed for circuit board imaging.Compared to other rotational CL systems,the field of view is the largest and most suitable for rectangular circuit boards.Meanwhile,as the imaging geometry of RC-CL is significantly different from that of cone-beam CT,the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK)reconstruction algorithm cannot be used directly.However,transferring the projection data to fit into the CBCT geometry using two-dimensional interpolation introduces interpolation errors.Therefore,an FDK-type analytical reconstruction algorithm applicable to RC-CL was developed.The effectiveness of the method was validated through numerical experiments,and the influence of the tilt angle on the reconstruction results was analyzed.Finally,the RC-CL technique was applied to real defect detection research on circuit boards.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency...As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to...The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.展开更多
This paper develops a semi-analytical solution for pile penetration in natural soft clays using the strain path method(SPM).The stress-strain behavior of soils is characterized by the S-CLAY1S model,which can capture ...This paper develops a semi-analytical solution for pile penetration in natural soft clays using the strain path method(SPM).The stress-strain behavior of soils is characterized by the S-CLAY1S model,which can capture the anisotropic evolution and destructuring nature of soft clays.By integrating the S-CLAY1S model into the theoretical framework of the SPM,a set of ordinary differential equations is formulated with respect to the vertical coordinate of soil particles.The distribution of excess pore water pressure(EPWP)following pile installation is approximated through one-dimensional(1D)radial integration around the pile shaft.The distribution of stresses and EPWP,along with the evolution of fabric anisotropy within the soil surrounding the pile,is presented to illustrate the response of pile penetration in natural soft clays.The proposed solution is validated against existing theoretical solutions using the SPM and cavity expansion method(CEM),along with experimental data.The findings demonstrate that the SPM reveals lower radial effective stresses and EPWP at the pile shaft than that of CEM.Pile penetration alters the soil's anisotropic properties,inducing rotational hardening and affecting post-installation stress distribution.Soil destructuration eliminates bonding among particles near the pile,resulting in a complete disruption of soil structure at the pile surface,which is particularly pronounced for higher initial soil structure ratios.Minimal variation was observed in the three principal stresses and shear stress on the cone side surface as the angle increased from 18°to 60°,except for a slight reduction in EPWP.展开更多
This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit...This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room f...Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.展开更多
Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models...Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and...This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.展开更多
Sandwich functionally graded(FG)auxetic beams are extensively utilized in aerospace,automotive,and biomedical industries due to their excellent strength-toweight ratio,impact resistance,and tunable mechanical properti...Sandwich functionally graded(FG)auxetic beams are extensively utilized in aerospace,automotive,and biomedical industries due to their excellent strength-toweight ratio,impact resistance,and tunable mechanical properties.The integration of FG materials with auxetic structures enhances their adaptability in advanced engineering applications.However,understanding their dynamic behavior under external excitations is essential for optimal design and structural reliability.Nonlinear interactions in such structures pose significant challenges in vibration analysis,necessitating robust analytical methods.This study presents a closed-form solution for the nonlinear forced vibration analysis of sandwich FG auxetic beams,offering an accurate and efficient method for predicting their dynamic response.The beam consists of two FG face sheets with material properties varying through the thickness and a re-entrant honeycomb auxetic core with an adjustable Poisson's ratio.The governing nonlinear equations of motion are derived using the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT),the modified Gibson model,and the von Kármán relations,formulated through Hamilton's principle.A closed-form solution is obtained via the Galerkin method and multiple-scale technique.The results demonstrate that FG layers enable control of the overweight and dynamic response amplitude,with positive power law indexes reducing weight.Comparisons with finite element results confirm the accuracy of the proposed formulation.展开更多
Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
The chiral nature of biological systems enables their stereoselective interaction with chiral compounds. It has been well documented that the enantiomers ofa chiral drug may show differences in drug disposition especi...The chiral nature of biological systems enables their stereoselective interaction with chiral compounds. It has been well documented that the enantiomers ofa chiral drug may show differences in drug disposition especially in metabolic behavior. As a result, it is of vital importance to separate the enantiomers of a chiral drug in metabolic studies. This paper discusses enantioselective methods （include high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry） that applied in chiral drug metabolism, using most recent examples where possible.展开更多
In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of the...In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81603182 and 81703607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.:DUT21RC(3)057,DUT23YG226,DUT24MS018,and DUT23YG228)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.:2023-MSBA-018)the Open Funding of Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,China(Grant No.:2024-ZLKF-33).
文摘The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sample processing,instruments,energy consumed,and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures,need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays.In this study,we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods(GEMAM).The new greenness metric is simple,flexible,and comprehensive.The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC(SIGNIFICANCE)and the 10 factors of sample preparation,and the results are presented on a 0–10 scale.The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform,and its results are easy to interpret.The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.
基金the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research for funding his PhD scholarship(37th Cycle Ph D Programmes supported by ESF REACT-EU funds,National Operational Programme on Research and Innovation)CSGI(Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase-Center for Colloid and Surface Science),Florence(Italy)for financial support.
文摘This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,treated with the Fenton reaction for wet peroxidation,and separated by density separation.Analysis employed Focal Plane Array Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FPA micro-FTIR),a widely used technique in MPs analysis,alongside the less common Laser Direct Infrared Spectroscopy(LDIR),providing complementary data on particle composition,shape,size,and colour.To enhance insights,spectroscopic methods were supplemented with Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(TD-GC/MS),calibrated for specific polymers,to quantify MPs by mass and assess removal efficiency.Wastewater treatment effectively reduced MPs.In influent samples,concentrations reached 72 MPs/L(FTIR),2117 MPs/L(LDIR),and 177μg/L(TD-GC/MS).Primary treatments removed 41%–55%,while the wastewater treatment plant effluent contained 1 MPs/L(FTIR),93 MPs/L(LDIR),and 2μg/L(TD-GC/MS),reflecting 96%–99%removal efficiency.Activated sludge showed concentrations of 123 MPs/L(FTIR),10,800 MPs/L(LDIR),and 0.3 mg/g dry weight(TD-GC/MS),underscoring its role in MPs capture.However,sludge dewatering released significant MPs into centrifuge rejected water:484 MPs/L(FTIR),23,000 MPs/L(LDIR),and 1100μg/L(TD-GC/MS).These results highlight the effectiveness of conventional treatments in MPs removal and the critical role of sludge in capturing these contaminants.However,sludge dewatering poses a risk of reintroducing MPs into the environment.Effective sludge management should prioritize nutrient recovery and biomass valorisation to mitigate these risks and minimise harmful environmental impacts.
基金carried out within the framework of the V3EA Project“Electric,Energy Efficient,and Autonomous Vehicle”(2021-2025)supported by the Research National Agency(ANR)of the French Government。
文摘Efficient torque allocation in over-actuated vehicles poses a central challenge in the domain of advanced vehicle control.These vehicles,featuring redundant actuators,provide an exceptional avenue for enhancing performance,stability,and efficiency.This paper presents a pioneering tendency for torque allocation in the context of over-actuated vehicles,particularly inwheel motor(IWM)driven electric vehicles.We introduce a systematic methodology grounded in analytical modeling,allowing for the efficient reconciliation of multiple,often conflicting objectives.The explicit functions are analytically modeled to enhance stability and energy economy.Additionally,a fuzzy logic-based torque allocation strategy is developed and compared,along with other literature methods,with the analytical models.Simulations are conducted in a joint simulation between Simulink/MATLAB and SCANeR Studio vehicle dynamics simulator,followed by validation on a real-world dataset.Our findings elucidate the proficiency of the analytical models on vehicle performance,stability,computational efficiency,and energy consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
文摘Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC):NSSFC Major Project“Exploration and Practice in the Development of Chinese Economics Since the Modern Era”(Grant No.17ZDA034)NSSFC Key Project“The Status and Value of Traditional Chinese Economic Thought”(Grant No.17AJL006)NSSFC General Project“The Transformation and Evolution of Chinese Economic Thought During the Republican Era”(Grant No.22BJL130).
文摘Does traditional Chinese economic thought possess genuine analytical rigor?This question lies at the heart of any serious evaluation of its theoretical value and historical significance.It also matters for understanding how best to preserve,build on its remarkable achievements,and develop its intellectual legacy.Critics such as Schumpeter and Taylor have long argued that the economic reasoning found in ancient China cannot compare with that of classical Greece or medieval Europe.Yet this view often reflects the narrow assumptions of mainstream economics,defining analysis almost entirely in terms of market exchange.As a result,it tends to overlook traditions built around statecraft,governance,and the management of economic order.A careful re-examination and Sino-Western comparative analysis of key thinkers-including Mencius,Guanzi,and Sima Qian-tells a different story.Rooted in China’s distinctive cultural and philosophical heritage,traditional Chinese economic thought not only contains the analytical dimensions(as defined by Schumpeter)but also displays a broader and more diverse set of economic reasoning.Notably,its systematic depth and intellectual precision were,in many respects,remarkably advanced.Therefore,advancing the construction of a Chinese school of economics in the new era under the framework of the“Second Integration”,i.e.,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture,should,and indeed can draw essential insights from this analytical tradition.
文摘Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0607802)。
文摘Rotational computed laminography(CL)has broad application potential in three-dimensional imaging of plate-like objects because it only requires X-rays to pass through the tested object in the thickness direction during the imaging process.In this study,a rectangular cross-section field-of-view rotational CL(RC-CL)is proposed for circuit board imaging.Compared to other rotational CL systems,the field of view is the largest and most suitable for rectangular circuit boards.Meanwhile,as the imaging geometry of RC-CL is significantly different from that of cone-beam CT,the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK)reconstruction algorithm cannot be used directly.However,transferring the projection data to fit into the CBCT geometry using two-dimensional interpolation introduces interpolation errors.Therefore,an FDK-type analytical reconstruction algorithm applicable to RC-CL was developed.The effectiveness of the method was validated through numerical experiments,and the influence of the tilt angle on the reconstruction results was analyzed.Finally,the RC-CL technique was applied to real defect detection research on circuit boards.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273043).
文摘As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
文摘The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42407256)the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,China(Grant No.SKHL2113)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024YFHZ0341).
文摘This paper develops a semi-analytical solution for pile penetration in natural soft clays using the strain path method(SPM).The stress-strain behavior of soils is characterized by the S-CLAY1S model,which can capture the anisotropic evolution and destructuring nature of soft clays.By integrating the S-CLAY1S model into the theoretical framework of the SPM,a set of ordinary differential equations is formulated with respect to the vertical coordinate of soil particles.The distribution of excess pore water pressure(EPWP)following pile installation is approximated through one-dimensional(1D)radial integration around the pile shaft.The distribution of stresses and EPWP,along with the evolution of fabric anisotropy within the soil surrounding the pile,is presented to illustrate the response of pile penetration in natural soft clays.The proposed solution is validated against existing theoretical solutions using the SPM and cavity expansion method(CEM),along with experimental data.The findings demonstrate that the SPM reveals lower radial effective stresses and EPWP at the pile shaft than that of CEM.Pile penetration alters the soil's anisotropic properties,inducing rotational hardening and affecting post-installation stress distribution.Soil destructuration eliminates bonding among particles near the pile,resulting in a complete disruption of soil structure at the pile surface,which is particularly pronounced for higher initial soil structure ratios.Minimal variation was observed in the three principal stresses and shear stress on the cone side surface as the angle increased from 18°to 60°,except for a slight reduction in EPWP.
文摘This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.
文摘Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12402113)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0037)。
文摘Piezoelectric semiconductor(PSC)materials exhibit strong electromechanical coupling affected by free carriers,which makes their contact behavior essential for sensors,actuators,and electronic devices.Analytical models for three-dimensional(3D)PSC contact problems are still scarce,especially for conductive indenters.This work develops a semi-analytical framework to study the 3D frictionless contact between a conductive indenter and a PSC half-space.Fundamental solutions under a unit force and a unit electric charge are derived,and the corresponding frequency response functions are combined with a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform(DC-FFT)algorithm to achieve an efficient semi-analytical contact model.The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the surface charge density reduces the indentation pressure and modifies the electric potential distribution.A higher steady carrier concentration enhances the screening effect,suppresses the electromechanical coupling,and shifts the system response toward purely elastic behaviors.The sensitivity analysis shows that the indentation depth is dominated by the elastic constants,while the electric potential is mainly affected by the piezoelectric coefficient.Although the analysis is carried out with spherical indenters,the model is not limited to a specific indenter shape.It provides an effective tool for investigating complex 3D PSC contact problems and offers useful insights into the design of PSC materials-based devices.
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.
文摘Sandwich functionally graded(FG)auxetic beams are extensively utilized in aerospace,automotive,and biomedical industries due to their excellent strength-toweight ratio,impact resistance,and tunable mechanical properties.The integration of FG materials with auxetic structures enhances their adaptability in advanced engineering applications.However,understanding their dynamic behavior under external excitations is essential for optimal design and structural reliability.Nonlinear interactions in such structures pose significant challenges in vibration analysis,necessitating robust analytical methods.This study presents a closed-form solution for the nonlinear forced vibration analysis of sandwich FG auxetic beams,offering an accurate and efficient method for predicting their dynamic response.The beam consists of two FG face sheets with material properties varying through the thickness and a re-entrant honeycomb auxetic core with an adjustable Poisson's ratio.The governing nonlinear equations of motion are derived using the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT),the modified Gibson model,and the von Kármán relations,formulated through Hamilton's principle.A closed-form solution is obtained via the Galerkin method and multiple-scale technique.The results demonstrate that FG layers enable control of the overweight and dynamic response amplitude,with positive power law indexes reducing weight.Comparisons with finite element results confirm the accuracy of the proposed formulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30225047 and 30701038)
文摘The chiral nature of biological systems enables their stereoselective interaction with chiral compounds. It has been well documented that the enantiomers ofa chiral drug may show differences in drug disposition especially in metabolic behavior. As a result, it is of vital importance to separate the enantiomers of a chiral drug in metabolic studies. This paper discusses enantioselective methods （include high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry） that applied in chiral drug metabolism, using most recent examples where possible.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20437020 20575073) NSFC-JSPS Joint Research Project (No. 20511140134) the Major Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-432)
文摘In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.
