In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering...In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.展开更多
In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family...In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family of vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)) associated to rank-one positive definite even lattices √kA_(1) for arbitrary positive integers k to characterize these even lattice vertex operator algebras.In such a family of lattice vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)),the vertex operator algebra V_(√2A_(1)) is different from others.Hence we describe the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of V_(√2A_(1)) and the fixed vertex operator subalgebra V^(+)√2A_(1).Moreover,as applications,we study the relations between vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1) )and L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for arbitrary positive integers k by the viewpoint of semi-conformal homomorphisms of vertex operator algebras.For case k=2,in the series of rational simple affine vertex operator algebras L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for positive integers k,we show that L_(sl_(2))(2,0)is a unique frame vertex operator algebra with rank 3.展开更多
Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for developing sustainable strategies aimed at enhancing yield while mitigating negative environmental impacts.However,research focusing on this aspect in the production of fre...Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for developing sustainable strategies aimed at enhancing yield while mitigating negative environmental impacts.However,research focusing on this aspect in the production of fresh maize is limited.Therefore,this study analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rates on the yields of 40 sweet and 44 waxy maize varieties at five sites in Zhejiang Province,China,from 2015 to 2019.The nitrogen application rates were categorized as either relatively high(RHN,>300 kg ha^(-1) for sweet maize and>320 kg ha^(-1) for waxy maize)or relatively low(RLN).An increase in nitrogen application rates significantly reduced nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity in both sweet and waxy maize(R^(2)=0.616,P<0.01;R^(2)=0.643,P<0.01),indicating that the optimum nitrogen application rates in this study might be the lowest values(160 kg ha^(-1) for sweet maize and 180 kg ha^(-1) for waxy maize).The kernel number per ear of sweet maize had a potentially more significant impact on fresh grain yield than the 1,000-fresh kernel weight under both RLN and RHN.In waxy maize,1,000-kernel weight contributed more to fresh grain yield under RLN,while kernel number per ear and 1,000-kernel weight cooperatively affected the yield under RHN.This study found that sweet maize required taller plant and ear heights,along with an optimal ear-plant height ratio,to enhance dry matter accumulation and increase source size,particularly under RLN,and to ultimately achieve a higher fresh grain yield.In contrast,a lower ear height and ear-plant height ratio in waxy maize probably contributed more to the greater kernel number and weight under RLN,likely due to a lower ear height which can reduce the distance between sink and source,enabling more efficient photoassimilate allocation to the ear.展开更多
Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is...Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.展开更多
Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed ...Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed worldwide.However,a comparative investigation of the beneficial effects,mechanism,and characteristic compounds of TVGTs has not been reported.Here,three representative tea plant varieties,namely,C.sinensis var.sinensis cv.Fuding(FD),C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang 10(YK),and C.sinensis var.kucha(KC),planted in the same garden,were used to make green teas utilizing the same standard procedure.Our findings show that the TVGTs effectively improved hyperglycemia,obesity,dyslipidemia,fatty liver,and mesenteric artery(MA)hypercontractility in mice with diabetes and obesity induced by a high-fat diet(HFD)after 11-and 22-week interventions,with YK being the most effective at 22 weeks.Liver lipidomics indicated that the TVGTs restored the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid balance and reduced triglycerides,with YK demonstrating superior effects.The TVGTs,particularly YK,suppressed triglyceride synthesis through the ARV1-FXR-SHP-SREBP-1c pathway.A chemical profile analysis revealed that YK green tea had enriched active compounds,including caffeine,quinic acid,L-theanine,gallic acid,and catechins,compared with FD and KC green teas,which may contribute to ameliorating diabetic dyslipidemia via synergistic action.As a representative tea variety of C.sinensis var.assamica,YK green tea was found to be superior to the other two green teas in preventing and treating diabetic dyslipidemia,especially with long term consumption.These data provide important information for tea plant breeders and tea consumers.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is essential for global food security,but faces increasing threats from extreme weather.High temperatures during the grain-filling stage lower rice yields and quality(Wada et al.,2019).Studies hav...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is essential for global food security,but faces increasing threats from extreme weather.High temperatures during the grain-filling stage lower rice yields and quality(Wada et al.,2019).Studies have revealed the mechanisms by which heat stress impairs rice quality during the grain-filling stage,including the involvement of factors such as DG1(Qin et al.,2021b),Oscp Hsp70-2(Tabassum et al.,2020),and Osb ZIP58Β(Xu et al.,2020).展开更多
To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties...To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties of Brassica napus,thereby selecting the suitable materials for breeding the varieties for both vegetable and oil.The results showed that all of the five varieties had low erucic acid in oil and low glucosinolate in rapeseed meal.The economic benefits of the varieties for vegetable and oil were generally higher than those of the varieties for only oil.‘CNT01’had the best economic benefits,with the vegetable yield of 8175.3 kg/hm^(2),the rapeseed yield of 2476.5 kg/hm^(2),the vegetable income of 14859.0 yuan/hm^(2),the rapeseed income of 32701.2 yuan/hm^(2),and the net income of 35560.2 yuan/hm^(2).‘CNZ01’was selected as the variety with highest oil quality,with the rapeseed yield of 2712.6 kg/hm^(2) and the net income of 11775.6 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,‘CNT01’was selected as the variety for both vegetable and oil.展开更多
The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the P...The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.20220203112S)the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.JJKH20210039KJ)。
文摘In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12475002).
文摘In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family of vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)) associated to rank-one positive definite even lattices √kA_(1) for arbitrary positive integers k to characterize these even lattice vertex operator algebras.In such a family of lattice vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)),the vertex operator algebra V_(√2A_(1)) is different from others.Hence we describe the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of V_(√2A_(1)) and the fixed vertex operator subalgebra V^(+)√2A_(1).Moreover,as applications,we study the relations between vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1) )and L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for arbitrary positive integers k by the viewpoint of semi-conformal homomorphisms of vertex operator algebras.For case k=2,in the series of rational simple affine vertex operator algebras L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for positive integers k,we show that L_(sl_(2))(2,0)is a unique frame vertex operator algebra with rank 3.
基金funded by the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding,China(2021C02064-4)the Zhejiang Province“Three Rural and Nine Party”Science and Technology Cooperation Plan Project,China(2023SNJF002).
文摘Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for developing sustainable strategies aimed at enhancing yield while mitigating negative environmental impacts.However,research focusing on this aspect in the production of fresh maize is limited.Therefore,this study analyzed the effects of nitrogen application rates on the yields of 40 sweet and 44 waxy maize varieties at five sites in Zhejiang Province,China,from 2015 to 2019.The nitrogen application rates were categorized as either relatively high(RHN,>300 kg ha^(-1) for sweet maize and>320 kg ha^(-1) for waxy maize)or relatively low(RLN).An increase in nitrogen application rates significantly reduced nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity in both sweet and waxy maize(R^(2)=0.616,P<0.01;R^(2)=0.643,P<0.01),indicating that the optimum nitrogen application rates in this study might be the lowest values(160 kg ha^(-1) for sweet maize and 180 kg ha^(-1) for waxy maize).The kernel number per ear of sweet maize had a potentially more significant impact on fresh grain yield than the 1,000-fresh kernel weight under both RLN and RHN.In waxy maize,1,000-kernel weight contributed more to fresh grain yield under RLN,while kernel number per ear and 1,000-kernel weight cooperatively affected the yield under RHN.This study found that sweet maize required taller plant and ear heights,along with an optimal ear-plant height ratio,to enhance dry matter accumulation and increase source size,particularly under RLN,and to ultimately achieve a higher fresh grain yield.In contrast,a lower ear height and ear-plant height ratio in waxy maize probably contributed more to the greater kernel number and weight under RLN,likely due to a lower ear height which can reduce the distance between sink and source,enabling more efficient photoassimilate allocation to the ear.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000504 and 2023YFD1901300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172658,32172659 and 32302662)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010826).
文摘Maize/soybean intercropping systems are commonly used in developing countries,but few studies have been performed to elucidate the differences in nutrient efficiency and rhizosphere microbiome,especially when maize is intercropped with different soybean varieties.In this study,field experiments were conducted to compare the growth and yield of two soybean(Glycine max)varieties,BD2 and YC03-3,and one maize(Zea mays)variety,Huazhen,in mono-cropped and intercropped cultures.The plant biomass and N content of both crops in BD2/maize intercropping were significantly improved compared to their monoculture,but no such effects were observed in the plants of YC03-3/maize intercropping.The yield of BD2 intercropped with maize exhibited a 37.5%increment above that of BD2 in monoculture.Moreover,19.2-29.1%longer root length of maize and 19.0-39.4%larger root volume of BD2 were observed in BD2/maize intercropping than in monoculture,but no growth advantage was observed in YC03-3/maize intercropping.Maize showed root avoidance when intercropped with BD2,but space competition when intercropped with YC03-3.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the monoculture system,rhizobacteria community composition in BD2/maize intercropping changed more significantly than that of the YC03-3/maize intercropping system.In BD2/maize intercropping,most of the rhizobacteria community biomarker bacteria of BD2 were positively correlated with plant biomass,as well as plant P and N content.Maize tended to recruit Rhizobiales and Proteobacteria,which showed positive correlation with plant biomass and N content,respectively,as well as soil available N.In conclusion,soybean varieties determined the advantages of maize/soybean intercropping through root-root interactions and modification of rhizobacteria communities.Our insight emphasizes a linkage between root traits and the rhizobacteria community,which shows the importance of optimizing intercropping systems by selection of appropriate crop varieties.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1601102)by a key joint grant for regional innovation from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2034)+2 种基金a key grant for University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2019-49)a grant from the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)a grant for supporting an animal core facility in Anhui Agricultural University from the Department of Sciences and Technology of Anhui Province.
文摘Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed worldwide.However,a comparative investigation of the beneficial effects,mechanism,and characteristic compounds of TVGTs has not been reported.Here,three representative tea plant varieties,namely,C.sinensis var.sinensis cv.Fuding(FD),C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang 10(YK),and C.sinensis var.kucha(KC),planted in the same garden,were used to make green teas utilizing the same standard procedure.Our findings show that the TVGTs effectively improved hyperglycemia,obesity,dyslipidemia,fatty liver,and mesenteric artery(MA)hypercontractility in mice with diabetes and obesity induced by a high-fat diet(HFD)after 11-and 22-week interventions,with YK being the most effective at 22 weeks.Liver lipidomics indicated that the TVGTs restored the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid balance and reduced triglycerides,with YK demonstrating superior effects.The TVGTs,particularly YK,suppressed triglyceride synthesis through the ARV1-FXR-SHP-SREBP-1c pathway.A chemical profile analysis revealed that YK green tea had enriched active compounds,including caffeine,quinic acid,L-theanine,gallic acid,and catechins,compared with FD and KC green teas,which may contribute to ameliorating diabetic dyslipidemia via synergistic action.As a representative tea variety of C.sinensis var.assamica,YK green tea was found to be superior to the other two green teas in preventing and treating diabetic dyslipidemia,especially with long term consumption.These data provide important information for tea plant breeders and tea consumers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270250 and 32400202)National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J02004)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Key Project(2024NZ029027)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712665)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is essential for global food security,but faces increasing threats from extreme weather.High temperatures during the grain-filling stage lower rice yields and quality(Wada et al.,2019).Studies have revealed the mechanisms by which heat stress impairs rice quality during the grain-filling stage,including the involvement of factors such as DG1(Qin et al.,2021b),Oscp Hsp70-2(Tabassum et al.,2020),and Osb ZIP58Β(Xu et al.,2020).
文摘To improve the economic benefits and farmers’enthusiasm of Brassica napus production,this study compared the agronomic traits,economic traits,and incomes from vegetable and oilseed among five early maturing varieties of Brassica napus,thereby selecting the suitable materials for breeding the varieties for both vegetable and oil.The results showed that all of the five varieties had low erucic acid in oil and low glucosinolate in rapeseed meal.The economic benefits of the varieties for vegetable and oil were generally higher than those of the varieties for only oil.‘CNT01’had the best economic benefits,with the vegetable yield of 8175.3 kg/hm^(2),the rapeseed yield of 2476.5 kg/hm^(2),the vegetable income of 14859.0 yuan/hm^(2),the rapeseed income of 32701.2 yuan/hm^(2),and the net income of 35560.2 yuan/hm^(2).‘CNZ01’was selected as the variety with highest oil quality,with the rapeseed yield of 2712.6 kg/hm^(2) and the net income of 11775.6 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,‘CNT01’was selected as the variety for both vegetable and oil.
文摘The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.
