摘要
【目的】探明适宜‘双臂顺行式’棚架轻简化栽培的优良梨品种,实现良种良法配套。【方法】以长江中下游产区采用的‘双臂顺行式’棚架栽培的代表性梨园的17个品种为研究对象,调查分析不同品种生长结果特性和果实品质指标差异,利用隶属函数法和VIKOR法对不同品种在‘双臂顺行式’棚架栽培下生长结果及果实品质进行综合评价。【结果】‘双臂顺行式’棚架栽培模式下不同品种成枝力、长枝比例、产量、结果枝数、固酸比、可滴定酸含量、果肉细度和耐咀嚼性8个指标变异系数较大,差异化明显;隶属函数法综合评价值在0.70以上的梨品种有4个:丰水、圆黄、翠冠、玉绿,鄂梨2号综合评价值略低,为0.691;通过VIKOR法评价可知,早果性的权重值最大,为19.3%,中短枝比率权重最小,为2.3%,综合排名前5位的是丰水、圆黄、翠冠、玉绿、鄂梨2号。【结论】隶属函数法与VIKOR法均可作为树形和品种适宜性综合评价的方法;丰水、圆黄、翠冠、玉绿,鄂梨2号可作为长江中下游产区适宜‘双臂顺行式’棚架栽培的优良品种。
【Objective】Labor-saving and simplified cultivation is an inevitable trend for fruit tree development.The tree shapes and varieties directly affect the establishment of the orchards and the production outcome.The production process is characterised by the quality of the varieties and the efficacy of the tree shapes.However,discrepancies in the process may result in suboptimal orchards establishment,and instances of failure are not uncommon.Therefore,the establishment of a system for the evaluation of tree shape and variety is imperative.The double arm parallel trellis cultivation system offers significant advantages in fruit quality,labor savings,and mechanization,making it one of the most rapidly adopted pear cultivation models in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.This study aims to fill existing literature gaps by systematically identifying pear varieties suitable for double-arm parallel trellis cultivation.Research indicates no prior variety screening studies specifically targeting this cultivation model.To identify superior varieties suitable for labor-saving,simplified cultivation under double-arm parallel trellis systems,matching high-quality varieties with labor-saving tree forms is crucial.【Methods】In the present study,17 varieties of pear orchards cultivated with the double arm parallel trellis cultivation mode in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River production areas were selected as the primary research objects.The differences in growth,fruiting characteristics and fruit quality indexes of different varieties were investigated.Subsequently,the growth and fruit quality of different varieties were evaluated under the double arm parallel trellis cultivation mode using the affiliation function method and VIKOR method.In the context of optimal tree growth and fruiting conditions,shorter new shoot length,reduced crown width(both east-west and north-south),decreased tree height,and a later onset of fruiting were more conducive to the management of orchard cultivation in a simplified manner.The hypothesis that reduced chew resistance is indicative of superior taste is one of that merits further investigation.Therefore,a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by the reciprocals of the aforementioned indicators.To ensure the accuracy of the assessment results,we employed the correlation function method to select 20 comprehensive evaluation indicators,including 1/new shoot length,germination rate,branching capacity,1/canopy width(east-west),1/canopy width(north-south),number of fruiting branches,short and medium branches ratio,long branches ratio,1/early fruiting,yield,single fruit weight,total soluble solids,titratable acid,total soluble solids/titratable acid content(TSS/TA),vitamin C content,flesh firmness,flesh fineness,reversibility,1/chewability and brittleness.【Results】It is evident that various varieties display marked variations in growth characteristics when cultivated within the double arm parallel trellis system,with the coefficient of variation for the parameters of long shoot ratio,branching capacity,yield,and number of fruiting shoot clusters all exceeding 35%.The coefficients of variation of eight indexes,namely branching ability,long branching ratio,yield,number of fruiting branches,TSS/TA,titratable acid content,flesh fineness and chewability,were large and differentiated among different varieties under the double arm parallel trellis cultivation mode.The utilisation of the affiliation function method resulted in a comprehensive evaluation value greater than 0.70.The four pear cultivars identified were Housui,Wonhwang,Cuiguan and Yulü.The Eli No.2 evaluation yielded a value of 0.691,which was in close proximity to 0.70.A comprehensive evaluation value below 0.6 was observed in four pear varieties:Zaojinsu,Zhongli No.1,Zhongli No.4,and Zaosumi.In addition,the aforementioned five varieties were to be considered the most highly ranked.The application of the VIKOR method to the evaluation process indicated that the weight value assigned to early fruiting is 19.3%,representing the largest proportion.In contrast,the weight allocated to the ratio of short and medium branches was the smallest,at 2.3%.The remaining indicators fell within the intermediate range.The top five in the comprehensive ranking were Housui,Wonhwang,Cuiguan,Yulüand Eli No.2.【Conclusion】It is evident that both the affiliation function method and the VIKOR method are forms of comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators through weight changes.These methods have been widely utilised in other areas.The comprehensive evaluation rankings obtained by the affiliation function method and the VIKOR method are essentially equivalen,indicating that both methods can be employed for comprehensive evaluation of tree shapes and determining the suitability of different varieties.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the double-arm parallel trellis enables laborsaving and simplified cultivation of pear varieties of Housui,Wonhwang,Cuiguan,Yulüand Eli No.2.Variety adaptability evaluation is a long-term process that requires commitment and dedication.Further research and verification are needed to determine the suitability of other tested varieties.
作者
闫帅
相丛超
李冰莹
赵亮亮
彭垲
徐功勋
赵德英
曹玉芬
YAN Shuai;XIANG Congchao;LI Bingying;ZHAO Liangliang;PENG Kai;XU Gongxun;ZHAO Deying;CAO Yufen(Reserch Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticulture Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits of Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China;Xingcheng Modern Agricultural Development Service Center,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2026年第3期569-577,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代梨产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-01)
国家现代农业产业技术体系辽宁创新团队
辽宁省科技攻关专项(2023JH1/10400036)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP)。
关键词
梨
隶属函数法
VIKOR法
树形
品种
综合评价
Pear
Affiliation Function method
VIKOR method
Tree shape
Variety
Comprehensive evaluation
