AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients&...AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients' 3T MRI scan data were collected and sagittal uni-planar 3D reconstructions performed from the preoperative MRI. There were 24 meniscal tears in 24 patients, and nine controls. All patients had arthroscopic corroboration of MRI findings. Two independent observers prospectively reported on all 33 reconstructions. Meniscal tear presence or absence was noted, and tear configuration subsequently categorised as either radial, bucket-handle, parrot beak, horizontal or complex.RESULTS Identification of control menisci or meniscal tear presence was excellent(Accuracy: observer 1 = 90.9%; observer 2 = 81.8%). Of the tear configurations, bucket handle tears were accurately identified(Accuracy observer 1 and 2 = 80%). The remaining tear configurations were notaccurately discernable.CONCLUSION Uni-planar 3D reconstruction from 3T MRI knee scan sequences are useful in identifying normal menisci and menisci with bucket-handle tears. Advances in MRI sequencing and reconstruction software are awaited for accurate identification of the remaining meniscal tear configurations.展开更多
目的显影室间孔区域静脉及属支,建立三维图像,构建该区静脉网络,探讨室间孔与周围静脉的空间位置关系。方法筛选60名健康志愿者行3.0 T MR头部扫描,利用最小密度投影(mIP)和交互式医学图像控制系统(Mimics)对原始图像进行后处理,构建室...目的显影室间孔区域静脉及属支,建立三维图像,构建该区静脉网络,探讨室间孔与周围静脉的空间位置关系。方法筛选60名健康志愿者行3.0 T MR头部扫描,利用最小密度投影(mIP)和交互式医学图像控制系统(Mimics)对原始图像进行后处理,构建室间孔周围静脉网络,对室间孔及周围静脉的解剖学形态进行观察分析。结果室间孔显示率为65%(78侧);大脑内静脉(2.13±0.30)mm,100%(120侧);透明隔前静脉(0.69±0.19)mm,100%(120侧);丘纹上静脉(1.47±0.38)mm,98.3%(118侧);脉络膜上静脉(0.40±0.18)mm,82.5%(99侧)。根据大脑内静脉属支汇入点与室间孔位置关系分为:ⅠA型,24.2%(29侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点位于静脉角且紧邻室间孔的后缘;ⅠB型,13.3%(16侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点远离静脉角且远离室间孔的后缘;ⅡA型,45%(54侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点位于假静脉角且远离室间孔;ⅡB型,15.8%(19侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点远离假静脉角和室间孔;Ⅲ型,1.7%(2侧),即丘纹上静脉缺如型。结论磁敏感加权成像(SWI)技术能清晰成像室间孔及其周围静脉,结合Mimics技术可构建大脑内静脉及其属支、室间孔与主要静脉汇合点三维空间位置数据。大脑内静脉属支汇入点与室间孔位置关系分型对室间孔区手术入路选择有重大意义。展开更多
GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wave...GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wavelength photonics.展开更多
Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials ...Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials of 0.5 and 1 V,offering high safety.Compared with commercial Li4Ti5O12,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) possesses relatively large theoretical specific capacity of 229 mA h g^(−1) and low synthesis cost.However,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) suffers low electronic conductivity,resulting in poor electrochemical performance.A material modification process is a common strategy to overcome the issue of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) and has been mainly focused on in previous reviews.The investigations and achievements are rarely summarized for research on subsequent processes after a material modification process,such as electrode and device designs.In this review,the designs from material to electrode and device are completely reviewed.The design schemes mainly include(1)modifying the surface,doping by heterogeneous ions,and shortening the diffusion distance of Li+ions by designing nanostructure or porous structure on the material level,(2)optimizing binder and Cu current collector and designing flexible electrode structure on the electrode level,and(3)rational construction of lithium-ion full cells and lithium-ion capacitors on the device level.It is believed that rational designs can ensure superior performance for Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8)-based energy storage and conversion devices.In addition,the work sums up theoretical studies on the basic structure and electronic properties via the first principles calculations and mechanism of capacity-rising of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) upon cycling,which will provide much comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8).展开更多
文摘AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients' 3T MRI scan data were collected and sagittal uni-planar 3D reconstructions performed from the preoperative MRI. There were 24 meniscal tears in 24 patients, and nine controls. All patients had arthroscopic corroboration of MRI findings. Two independent observers prospectively reported on all 33 reconstructions. Meniscal tear presence or absence was noted, and tear configuration subsequently categorised as either radial, bucket-handle, parrot beak, horizontal or complex.RESULTS Identification of control menisci or meniscal tear presence was excellent(Accuracy: observer 1 = 90.9%; observer 2 = 81.8%). Of the tear configurations, bucket handle tears were accurately identified(Accuracy observer 1 and 2 = 80%). The remaining tear configurations were notaccurately discernable.CONCLUSION Uni-planar 3D reconstruction from 3T MRI knee scan sequences are useful in identifying normal menisci and menisci with bucket-handle tears. Advances in MRI sequencing and reconstruction software are awaited for accurate identification of the remaining meniscal tear configurations.
文摘目的显影室间孔区域静脉及属支,建立三维图像,构建该区静脉网络,探讨室间孔与周围静脉的空间位置关系。方法筛选60名健康志愿者行3.0 T MR头部扫描,利用最小密度投影(mIP)和交互式医学图像控制系统(Mimics)对原始图像进行后处理,构建室间孔周围静脉网络,对室间孔及周围静脉的解剖学形态进行观察分析。结果室间孔显示率为65%(78侧);大脑内静脉(2.13±0.30)mm,100%(120侧);透明隔前静脉(0.69±0.19)mm,100%(120侧);丘纹上静脉(1.47±0.38)mm,98.3%(118侧);脉络膜上静脉(0.40±0.18)mm,82.5%(99侧)。根据大脑内静脉属支汇入点与室间孔位置关系分为:ⅠA型,24.2%(29侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点位于静脉角且紧邻室间孔的后缘;ⅠB型,13.3%(16侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点远离静脉角且远离室间孔的后缘;ⅡA型,45%(54侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点位于假静脉角且远离室间孔;ⅡB型,15.8%(19侧),即透明隔前静脉汇入大脑内静脉点远离假静脉角和室间孔;Ⅲ型,1.7%(2侧),即丘纹上静脉缺如型。结论磁敏感加权成像(SWI)技术能清晰成像室间孔及其周围静脉,结合Mimics技术可构建大脑内静脉及其属支、室间孔与主要静脉汇合点三维空间位置数据。大脑内静脉属支汇入点与室间孔位置关系分型对室间孔区手术入路选择有重大意义。
文摘GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wavelength photonics.
基金supported by Liaoning Province Project Education Fund(LJKZ0408)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Shihua University(2018XJJ-012)Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation(2008085MB34).
文摘Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials of 0.5 and 1 V,offering high safety.Compared with commercial Li4Ti5O12,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) possesses relatively large theoretical specific capacity of 229 mA h g^(−1) and low synthesis cost.However,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) suffers low electronic conductivity,resulting in poor electrochemical performance.A material modification process is a common strategy to overcome the issue of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) and has been mainly focused on in previous reviews.The investigations and achievements are rarely summarized for research on subsequent processes after a material modification process,such as electrode and device designs.In this review,the designs from material to electrode and device are completely reviewed.The design schemes mainly include(1)modifying the surface,doping by heterogeneous ions,and shortening the diffusion distance of Li+ions by designing nanostructure or porous structure on the material level,(2)optimizing binder and Cu current collector and designing flexible electrode structure on the electrode level,and(3)rational construction of lithium-ion full cells and lithium-ion capacitors on the device level.It is believed that rational designs can ensure superior performance for Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8)-based energy storage and conversion devices.In addition,the work sums up theoretical studies on the basic structure and electronic properties via the first principles calculations and mechanism of capacity-rising of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) upon cycling,which will provide much comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8).
