Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit flies.Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males.How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity i...Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit flies.Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males.How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual selection.Sexual behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly(Qfly),Bactrocera tryoni,has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species’reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique(SIT),whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest populations.Despite numerous studies of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly,there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female Qflies.We used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in Qfly.The two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency,copula duration,and proportion of second mate paternity(P2)between reciprocal crosses.The mechanism of sperm usage,with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged,is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of sperm.Patterns observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies,and are discussed in relation to this species’reproductive biology,known patterns of sperm storage,and SIT.展开更多
Mating patterns in angiosperms are typically nonrandom,yet the mechanisms driving nonrandom mating remain unclear,especially regarding the effects of quantitative floral traits on plant mating success across male and ...Mating patterns in angiosperms are typically nonrandom,yet the mechanisms driving nonrandom mating remain unclear,especially regarding the effects of quantitative floral traits on plant mating success across male and female functions.In this study,we investigated how variation in spur length and flower number per plant influences mating patterns in Aquilegia rockii within a natural population.Using marker-based paternity analyses and manipulative experiments,we assessed the role of these traits in mating success across both sexual functions.We found significant variation in the mate composition between male and female function,with spur-length frequency positively associated with female outcrossing rate and mate number,but not with male outcrossing or mate number.Most mating events occurred within 10 m,and spur-length frequency positively correlated with mating distance.Regardless of selfing,there was evidence for assortative mating for spur length.Although spur length did not correlate with pollinator visitation,plants with mid-length spurs had higher seed set than those with shorter or longer spurs when autonomous selfing was excluded.Flowers number per plant was only associated with mating distance and female outcrossing rate.Our results suggest that spur length plays a key role in nonrandom mating by frequency-dependent mating,with implications for stabilizing selection and maintenance of genetic diversity.This study advances our understanding of floral diversity by dissecting the role of quantitative floral traits in plant mating through both female and male functions.展开更多
Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive ...Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive strategies to avoid the sperm-depleted males,such as mating multiply with different males and/or discriminating against previously mated males(MMs).Similarly,males may exhibit adaptive behaviors toward females varying in mating status.However,in spiders with males lacking primary copulatory organs and their pedipalps modified to transfer sperm,there are few studies on male mating potential and previous mating experience on their subsequent mate choice.In this study,we used a polyandrous crab spider,Ebrechtella tricuspidata,a sit-and-wait predator with female-biased sex ratio as a model system to ascertain whether 1)male mating experiences influence female reproductive fitness;2)females respond differently to males varying in mating status;and 3)males respond differently to females varying in mating status.Our results showed that female fecundity was independent of male mating experiences,but female fertility markedly declined with the increase of male previous mating experiences in the first eggsac.Counter to our predictions,females preferred to choose and mate with the larger males,regardless of their mating status.In contrast,male mating status influenced their mating preference toward females.Virgin males did not show any preference between virgin and mated females;however,MMs were more likely to prefer the virgin females over the mated ones.Overall,our results indicated that female choice depended primarily on male relative size rather than male mating status,whereas male choice depended on female mating status,Depending on the investigation of reproductive dynamics and mate choice in E.tricuspidata,the study will provide valuable insights into the adaptive behaviors of both males and females exhibiting toward mates varying inmating status.展开更多
The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,t...The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.展开更多
The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a ...The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a partition-based unitcell structure at the mesoscale is utilized to give a mechanical state at the macro-scale quadrature point with pre-evaluated influence functions.In the past,the“1-phase,1-partition”rule was usually adopted in numerical analysis,where one constituent phase at the mesoscale formed one partition.The numerical cost then is significantly reduced by introducing an assumption that the mechanical responses are the same all the time at the same constituent,while it also introduces numerical inaccuracy.This study proposes a new partitioning method for fibrous unitcells under a reduced-order homogenization methodology.In this method,the fiber phase remains 1 partition,but the matrix phase is divided into 2 partitions,which refers to the“12”partitioning scheme.Analytical elastic influence+functions are derived by introducing the elastic strain energy equivalence(Hill-Mandel condition).This research also obtains the analytical eigenstrain influence functions by alleviating the so-called“inclusion-locking”phenomenon.In addition,a numerical approach to minimize the error of strain energy density is introduced to determine the partitioning of the matrix phase.Several numerical examples are presented to compare the differences among direct numerical simulation(DNS),“11”,and“12”partitioning schemes.The numerical simulations show improved++numerical accuracy by the“12”partitioning scheme.展开更多
Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In parti...Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In particular,the causes of how male-male competition promotes the increased cognitive abilities to increase brains are as yet unexplored in anurans.To evaluate the effect of male-male competition on variation in brain size in B.andrewsi,we compared the differences in relative brain size between mated males and unpaired males under natural and experimental conditions.We found that mated males had relatively larger brains than unpaired males in a natural population when controlling the effect of body size.Likewise,we also found that there were larger brains in mated males than in unpaired males in both experiment 1 where two males competed for a female and experiment 2 where three males competed for a female,suggesting that males with mating success during male-male competition possess increased brain size and cognitive abilities.When we compared difference in relative brain size in mated males between experiment2 and experiment 1 we found that males experiencing more intense competition did not display larger brains than males experiencing relatively weak competition,suggesting that low intensity competition is already enough to trigger the increase in relative brain size in B.andrewsi.展开更多
Tracking and mating data of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)breeding in a single colony in north-eastern Germany were used to test for assortative mating in regards to migratory phenotypes.These birds use the eastern and ...Tracking and mating data of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)breeding in a single colony in north-eastern Germany were used to test for assortative mating in regards to migratory phenotypes.These birds use the eastern and western African migration routes and three different wintering areas along the African coast.However,no assortative mating was found for either migratory route or wintering area,as birds using both flyways and all three wintering areas paired randomly,which might be explained by a lack of difference in the arrival date at the colony between the groups.These results might indicate a low degree of genetic fixation of migratory route and wintering area in the Common Tern,which might hint that migratory direction and wintering sites could be passed to young terns via social learning,either by joining the parents or migratory flocks of conspecifics.If migratory phenotypes are passed on by a parent,it seems more likely that it is passed from father to young,as female Common Terns tend to leave the colony earlier and males provide the majority of post-fledging care.展开更多
Mate choice plays a pivotal role in wildlife reproduction and population sustainability.The assessment of sexual displays in noise poses a common challenge for wildlife.Multimodal signals are hypothesized to be favore...Mate choice plays a pivotal role in wildlife reproduction and population sustainability.The assessment of sexual displays in noise poses a common challenge for wildlife.Multimodal signals are hypothesized to be favored since they improve the accuracy of signal detection and discrimination in noise.We verified whether female treefrogs exhibit a heightened reliance on visual cues when acoustic cues are drowned out by the noise and whether increased call complexity can compensate for the attractiveness differences between unimodal and multimodal signals.Our results demonstrated that female treefrogs prefer longer courtship signals in the absence of noise.Meanwhile,increasing call complexity effectively mitigated the attractiveness difference between acoustic and visual/multimodal signals.However,female treefrogs did not shift their reliance to visual signals when masked by noise.Noise prolonged the duration required for females to make a mate choice in most cases and reduced female preferences for attractive signals regardless of whether the mating scene was unimodal or multimodal,which lends further the hypothesis of cross-sensory interference.We examined how female treefrogs weigh unimodal and multimodal courtship cues in the absence and presence of noise and offered distinct perspectives on the interplay of multi-sensory sexual displays in noise.This study enhanced our comprehension of noise interference in mating choice and established a novel,comprehensive scientific foundation for the prevention and control of multimodal sensory pollution.展开更多
Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of bo...Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of both sexes,it is often displayed in a sexually dimorphic manner,with males typically exhibiting higher levels of aggression than females.展开更多
Mating behavior is crucial for most insects,as it is closely tied to reproduction and population growth and relies heavily on chemical communication via cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)between individuals.However,little i...Mating behavior is crucial for most insects,as it is closely tied to reproduction and population growth and relies heavily on chemical communication via cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)between individuals.However,little is known about the mating behavior of Eupeodes corollae,a natural enemy insect,and how CHCs help it communicate.In this study,we performed a behavioral assay of the mating process of hoverfly E.corollae.The cuticular hydrocarbons of both male and female hoverflies were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The electrophysiological activities of these compounds on the antennae of hoverflies were further determined by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD)and electroantennogram(EAG).The effects of these compounds on the behavioral selection and mating of hoverflies were also determined.The results showed that the mating process of hoverflies was divided into five stages:orientation,approaching,wing fanning,mounting,and copulation.Fifth-aged individuals exhibited the highest copulation and mating success rates,the shortest male latency,and stable mating duration.The results of the determination of cuticular compounds showed that the CHCs of male and female hoverflies exhibited sexually monomorphic chemical profiles,and two compounds of(Z)-9-tricosene and n-tricosane could cause significant electrophysiological responses in both male and female hoverflies.Behavioral bioassay results showed that(Z)-9-tricosene can significantly induce the attraction response of male and female E.corollae and can effectively regulate the courtship behavior of male E.corollae.This finding provides a new perspective for a deeper understanding of hoverflies'chemical communication mechanism and a valuable scientific basis and potential application prospect for developing a pheromone-based behavior strategy to control pests.展开更多
Social behaviors,including social support and mating,play a critical role in survival and reproduction.Animals must make adaptive social decisions based on internal states and external contexts[1].The sex of a social ...Social behaviors,including social support and mating,play a critical role in survival and reproduction.Animals must make adaptive social decisions based on internal states and external contexts[1].The sex of a social partner is a crucial factor that shapes social decision-making,as oppositesex interactions are vital for fulfilling reproductive needs,whereas same-sex interactions are essential for both collaborative support and competitive behaviors.Under normal circumstances,mice typically exhibit a variety of prosocial behaviors that strengthen social bonds within their groups.展开更多
Social behaviors are crucial for gregarious animals,including humans.In order to exhibit appropriate behaviors in a complex social context,such as mating,aggression,avoidance,and cooperation,individuals need to rememb...Social behaviors are crucial for gregarious animals,including humans.In order to exhibit appropriate behaviors in a complex social context,such as mating,aggression,avoidance,and cooperation,individuals need to remember their previous experiences with other members and accurately recognize them when they meet again.This ability is called“social memory”[1].Many psychiatric disorders in humans,such as autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and schizophrenia,are characterized by social memory impairments.Patients with these disorders,along with corresponding animal models,often show defects associated with the thalamic reticular nucleus(TRN).The TRN,a thin layer of neurons surrounding the thalamus,mainly regulates and coordinates the transfer of information between the cortex and the thalamus,playing a role in higher brain functions such as consciousness,attention,and sensory processing.However,whether the TRN is involved in social memory remains unknown.展开更多
植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白...植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白与生物体内多种物质的跨膜转运有关,在植物次生代谢物的运输过程中均发挥着重要作用。文章主要综述了ABC和MATE转运蛋白在植物次生代谢物跨膜转运中的研究进展。展开更多
We recorded and described the calls and acoustic characteristics of the male tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,in an artificial pond during mating season.Spectral and temporal call parameters,along with call intensi...We recorded and described the calls and acoustic characteristics of the male tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,in an artificial pond during mating season.Spectral and temporal call parameters,along with call intensity were analyzed.Three harmonics were distinguishable from the spectrogram.Four patterns of dominant frequency were found in calls produced late at night,i.e,3 patterns in the first harmonic（located in 500 Hz section,700 Hz section,and 800 Hz section respectively） and 1 in the second harmonic（located in 1 800 Hz section）.Call duration,call duty cycle,call intensity,and pulse rate were highly variable among different patterns of dominant frequency.These call properties could provide valuable evidence for further ecological study of this species.展开更多
基金The authors thank Dr.Simon Baxter from the University of Melbourne(previously University of Adelaide)for facilitating the use of yellowr line Qfly colony.This research was conducted as part of the SITplus collaborative fruit fly program.Projeet Raising Q-ly Sterile Inseet Tech-nique to World Standard(HG14033)is funded by the Hort Frontiers Fruit Fly Fund,part of the Hort Frontiers strategic partnership initiative developed by Hort Innovation,with co-investment from Macquarie University and contributions from the Australian Government.JS was supported by a Macquarie University iRTP Scholarship.
文摘Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit flies.Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males.How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual selection.Sexual behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly(Qfly),Bactrocera tryoni,has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species’reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique(SIT),whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest populations.Despite numerous studies of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly,there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female Qflies.We used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in Qfly.The two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency,copula duration,and proportion of second mate paternity(P2)between reciprocal crosses.The mechanism of sperm usage,with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged,is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of sperm.Patterns observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies,and are discussed in relation to this species’reproductive biology,known patterns of sperm storage,and SIT.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271693)the Cultivating Plan Program for the Leader in Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(202405AC350111)to ZQZ.
文摘Mating patterns in angiosperms are typically nonrandom,yet the mechanisms driving nonrandom mating remain unclear,especially regarding the effects of quantitative floral traits on plant mating success across male and female functions.In this study,we investigated how variation in spur length and flower number per plant influences mating patterns in Aquilegia rockii within a natural population.Using marker-based paternity analyses and manipulative experiments,we assessed the role of these traits in mating success across both sexual functions.We found significant variation in the mate composition between male and female function,with spur-length frequency positively associated with female outcrossing rate and mate number,but not with male outcrossing or mate number.Most mating events occurred within 10 m,and spur-length frequency positively correlated with mating distance.Regardless of selfing,there was evidence for assortative mating for spur length.Although spur length did not correlate with pollinator visitation,plants with mid-length spurs had higher seed set than those with shorter or longer spurs when autonomous selfing was excluded.Flowers number per plant was only associated with mating distance and female outcrossing rate.Our results suggest that spur length plays a key role in nonrandom mating by frequency-dependent mating,with implications for stabilizing selection and maintenance of genetic diversity.This study advances our understanding of floral diversity by dissecting the role of quantitative floral traits in plant mating through both female and male functions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800121).
文摘Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive strategies to avoid the sperm-depleted males,such as mating multiply with different males and/or discriminating against previously mated males(MMs).Similarly,males may exhibit adaptive behaviors toward females varying in mating status.However,in spiders with males lacking primary copulatory organs and their pedipalps modified to transfer sperm,there are few studies on male mating potential and previous mating experience on their subsequent mate choice.In this study,we used a polyandrous crab spider,Ebrechtella tricuspidata,a sit-and-wait predator with female-biased sex ratio as a model system to ascertain whether 1)male mating experiences influence female reproductive fitness;2)females respond differently to males varying in mating status;and 3)males respond differently to females varying in mating status.Our results showed that female fecundity was independent of male mating experiences,but female fertility markedly declined with the increase of male previous mating experiences in the first eggsac.Counter to our predictions,females preferred to choose and mate with the larger males,regardless of their mating status.In contrast,male mating status influenced their mating preference toward females.Virgin males did not show any preference between virgin and mated females;however,MMs were more likely to prefer the virgin females over the mated ones.Overall,our results indicated that female choice depended primarily on male relative size rather than male mating status,whereas male choice depended on female mating status,Depending on the investigation of reproductive dynamics and mate choice in E.tricuspidata,the study will provide valuable insights into the adaptive behaviors of both males and females exhibiting toward mates varying inmating status.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400700)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2308085MC89)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP)。
文摘The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988102,12172009)“The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University”.
文摘The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a partition-based unitcell structure at the mesoscale is utilized to give a mechanical state at the macro-scale quadrature point with pre-evaluated influence functions.In the past,the“1-phase,1-partition”rule was usually adopted in numerical analysis,where one constituent phase at the mesoscale formed one partition.The numerical cost then is significantly reduced by introducing an assumption that the mechanical responses are the same all the time at the same constituent,while it also introduces numerical inaccuracy.This study proposes a new partitioning method for fibrous unitcells under a reduced-order homogenization methodology.In this method,the fiber phase remains 1 partition,but the matrix phase is divided into 2 partitions,which refers to the“12”partitioning scheme.Analytical elastic influence+functions are derived by introducing the elastic strain energy equivalence(Hill-Mandel condition).This research also obtains the analytical eigenstrain influence functions by alleviating the so-called“inclusion-locking”phenomenon.In addition,a numerical approach to minimize the error of strain energy density is introduced to determine the partitioning of the matrix phase.Several numerical examples are presented to compare the differences among direct numerical simulation(DNS),“11”,and“12”partitioning schemes.The numerical simulations show improved++numerical accuracy by the“12”partitioning scheme.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370456)the Key Project of Natural Sciences Foundation of Sichuan Province (22NSFSC0011)。
文摘Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In particular,the causes of how male-male competition promotes the increased cognitive abilities to increase brains are as yet unexplored in anurans.To evaluate the effect of male-male competition on variation in brain size in B.andrewsi,we compared the differences in relative brain size between mated males and unpaired males under natural and experimental conditions.We found that mated males had relatively larger brains than unpaired males in a natural population when controlling the effect of body size.Likewise,we also found that there were larger brains in mated males than in unpaired males in both experiment 1 where two males competed for a female and experiment 2 where three males competed for a female,suggesting that males with mating success during male-male competition possess increased brain size and cognitive abilities.When we compared difference in relative brain size in mated males between experiment2 and experiment 1 we found that males experiencing more intense competition did not display larger brains than males experiencing relatively weak competition,suggesting that low intensity competition is already enough to trigger the increase in relative brain size in B.andrewsi.
基金the Landesamt für Umwelt,Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern(LUNG M-V)the Orthop?die+Vital Zentrum Piro GmbH+2 种基金the Institut für Vogelforschung“Vogelwarte Helgoland”(IfV)the German Ornithologists’Society(DO-G,project“Migration behaviour of Western Pomeranian terns”)the University of Greifswald(“AG Vogelwarte”)。
文摘Tracking and mating data of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)breeding in a single colony in north-eastern Germany were used to test for assortative mating in regards to migratory phenotypes.These birds use the eastern and western African migration routes and three different wintering areas along the African coast.However,no assortative mating was found for either migratory route or wintering area,as birds using both flyways and all three wintering areas paired randomly,which might be explained by a lack of difference in the arrival date at the colony between the groups.These results might indicate a low degree of genetic fixation of migratory route and wintering area in the Common Tern,which might hint that migratory direction and wintering sites could be passed to young terns via social learning,either by joining the parents or migratory flocks of conspecifics.If migratory phenotypes are passed on by a parent,it seems more likely that it is passed from father to young,as female Common Terns tend to leave the colony earlier and males provide the majority of post-fledging care.
基金supported by the National Key Programme of Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFF1301401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370536,32470505)+2 种基金the Sichuan Scienceand Technology Program(2022JDTD0026,2022NSFSC1694)the Open Project of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands,Hainan Normal University,China(No.HNSF-OP-2024-01)CIB Youth Exploration Project(QNTS202304).
文摘Mate choice plays a pivotal role in wildlife reproduction and population sustainability.The assessment of sexual displays in noise poses a common challenge for wildlife.Multimodal signals are hypothesized to be favored since they improve the accuracy of signal detection and discrimination in noise.We verified whether female treefrogs exhibit a heightened reliance on visual cues when acoustic cues are drowned out by the noise and whether increased call complexity can compensate for the attractiveness differences between unimodal and multimodal signals.Our results demonstrated that female treefrogs prefer longer courtship signals in the absence of noise.Meanwhile,increasing call complexity effectively mitigated the attractiveness difference between acoustic and visual/multimodal signals.However,female treefrogs did not shift their reliance to visual signals when masked by noise.Noise prolonged the duration required for females to make a mate choice in most cases and reduced female preferences for attractive signals regardless of whether the mating scene was unimodal or multimodal,which lends further the hypothesis of cross-sensory interference.We examined how female treefrogs weigh unimodal and multimodal courtship cues in the absence and presence of noise and offered distinct perspectives on the interplay of multi-sensory sexual displays in noise.This study enhanced our comprehension of noise interference in mating choice and established a novel,comprehensive scientific foundation for the prevention and control of multimodal sensory pollution.
基金supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation and the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0016).
文摘Aggression,an evolutionarily conserved social behavior,is essential for animals to compete for valuable resources like food,territory,and mates,and to protect kin.Although aggression is required for the survival of both sexes,it is often displayed in a sexually dimorphic manner,with males typically exhibiting higher levels of aggression than females.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272621)the Key Project of Inter-Government International Science&Technology Innovation Cooperation,China(2019YFE0105800)+1 种基金the Major Special Projects for Green Pest Control,China(110202201017(LS-01))the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Mating behavior is crucial for most insects,as it is closely tied to reproduction and population growth and relies heavily on chemical communication via cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)between individuals.However,little is known about the mating behavior of Eupeodes corollae,a natural enemy insect,and how CHCs help it communicate.In this study,we performed a behavioral assay of the mating process of hoverfly E.corollae.The cuticular hydrocarbons of both male and female hoverflies were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The electrophysiological activities of these compounds on the antennae of hoverflies were further determined by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD)and electroantennogram(EAG).The effects of these compounds on the behavioral selection and mating of hoverflies were also determined.The results showed that the mating process of hoverflies was divided into five stages:orientation,approaching,wing fanning,mounting,and copulation.Fifth-aged individuals exhibited the highest copulation and mating success rates,the shortest male latency,and stable mating duration.The results of the determination of cuticular compounds showed that the CHCs of male and female hoverflies exhibited sexually monomorphic chemical profiles,and two compounds of(Z)-9-tricosene and n-tricosane could cause significant electrophysiological responses in both male and female hoverflies.Behavioral bioassay results showed that(Z)-9-tricosene can significantly induce the attraction response of male and female E.corollae and can effectively regulate the courtship behavior of male E.corollae.This finding provides a new perspective for a deeper understanding of hoverflies'chemical communication mechanism and a valuable scientific basis and potential application prospect for developing a pheromone-based behavior strategy to control pests.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471074 and 32200825)the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0203000 and 2021ZD0203002)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Taishan Scholars Project(tsqn202306174)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QC173).
文摘Social behaviors,including social support and mating,play a critical role in survival and reproduction.Animals must make adaptive social decisions based on internal states and external contexts[1].The sex of a social partner is a crucial factor that shapes social decision-making,as oppositesex interactions are vital for fulfilling reproductive needs,whereas same-sex interactions are essential for both collaborative support and competitive behaviors.Under normal circumstances,mice typically exhibit a variety of prosocial behaviors that strengthen social bonds within their groups.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125018 and 32071005)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD24H090002)+3 种基金Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute(010904008)Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMUZDCX20211102)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00133)the MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science&Brain-Machine Integration of Zhejiang University.
文摘Social behaviors are crucial for gregarious animals,including humans.In order to exhibit appropriate behaviors in a complex social context,such as mating,aggression,avoidance,and cooperation,individuals need to remember their previous experiences with other members and accurately recognize them when they meet again.This ability is called“social memory”[1].Many psychiatric disorders in humans,such as autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and schizophrenia,are characterized by social memory impairments.Patients with these disorders,along with corresponding animal models,often show defects associated with the thalamic reticular nucleus(TRN).The TRN,a thin layer of neurons surrounding the thalamus,mainly regulates and coordinates the transfer of information between the cortex and the thalamus,playing a role in higher brain functions such as consciousness,attention,and sensory processing.However,whether the TRN is involved in social memory remains unknown.
文摘植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白与生物体内多种物质的跨膜转运有关,在植物次生代谢物的运输过程中均发挥着重要作用。文章主要综述了ABC和MATE转运蛋白在植物次生代谢物跨膜转运中的研究进展。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770310,30970435)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Y307453)
文摘We recorded and described the calls and acoustic characteristics of the male tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,in an artificial pond during mating season.Spectral and temporal call parameters,along with call intensity were analyzed.Three harmonics were distinguishable from the spectrogram.Four patterns of dominant frequency were found in calls produced late at night,i.e,3 patterns in the first harmonic（located in 500 Hz section,700 Hz section,and 800 Hz section respectively） and 1 in the second harmonic（located in 1 800 Hz section）.Call duration,call duty cycle,call intensity,and pulse rate were highly variable among different patterns of dominant frequency.These call properties could provide valuable evidence for further ecological study of this species.
