Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancin...Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacl...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pe...CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.展开更多
Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of w...Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.展开更多
The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nit...The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.展开更多
ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(...ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.展开更多
The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste g...The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.展开更多
Helium sorption cooler technology is a key means to realize highly reliable low-vibration very lowtemperature environments,which have important applications in fields such as quantum computing and space exploration.Th...Helium sorption cooler technology is a key means to realize highly reliable low-vibration very lowtemperature environments,which have important applications in fields such as quantum computing and space exploration.The laboratory designed a superfluid suppression small hole and a multi-ribbed condenser,developed a reliable-performance helium sorption cooler(HSC),and conducted experimental studies.Experimental results show that the prototype can achieve the lowest cooling temperature of 873 mK without load by filling 6MPa helium at room temperature.The low-temperature hold time is 26 h,and the temperature fluctuation is within 0.8 mK.The cooling power of the helium sorption cooler is 1 mW@0.98 K@3.5 h.Experimental results indicate that when the charging pressure is reduced to 4MPa,theminimum temperature decreases to 836mK,and the hold time shortens to 16 h.When the pre-cooling temperature increases from 3.9 to 4.9 K,the hold time is reduced to 3 h.展开更多
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is an economically important horticultural crop.However,it is susceptible to lowtemperature stress,which significantly challenges its production and supply.Despite the great economic impor...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is an economically important horticultural crop.However,it is susceptible to lowtemperature stress,which significantly challenges its production and supply.Despite the great economic importance of watermelon,little is known about its response to low-temperature stress at the transcriptional level.In this study,we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis to systematically investigate the regulatory network of watermelon under low-temperature stress.Six low-temperature-responsive gene clusters representing six expression patterns were identified,revealing diverse regulation of metabolic pathways in watermelon under lowtemperature stress.Analysis of temporally specific differentially expressed genes revealed the time-dependent nature of the watermelon response to low temperature.Moreover,ClMYB14 was found to be a negative regulator of low-temperature tolerance as ClMYB14-OE lines were more susceptible to low-temperature stress.Co-expression network analysis demonstrated that ClMYB14 participates in the low-temperature response by regulating the unsaturated fatty acid pathway and heat shock transcription factor.This study provides substantial information for understanding the regulatory network of watermelon in response to low-temperature stress,and identifies candidate genes for the genetic improvement of watermelon with higher low-temperature tolerance.展开更多
With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temp...With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.展开更多
To investigate the response mechanisms of Sedum plumbizincicola under low-temperature stress,phenotypic traits and physiological parameters including superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and malon...To investigate the response mechanisms of Sedum plumbizincicola under low-temperature stress,phenotypic traits and physiological parameters including superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were examined following 6-hour treatments at 22(control),10,and-2℃.Transcriptome analysis was subsequently conducted.The results showed that low-temperature stress significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD and POD),along with osmotic adjustment-related indicators such as MDA content,soluble sugar and protein content,and relative electrolytic conductivity.After quality control and optimization of the transcriptome data,a total of 78803 unigenes were obtained,with an average length of 871.13 bp and an N50 of 1510 bp.Compared with the control,8391 and 10730 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified under 10 and-2℃treatments,respectively.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in responses to abiotic stimuli including temperature,DNA-binding transcription factor activity,and amino acid metabolic processes.In S.plumbizincicola,the activation of flavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathways likely played a critical role in low-temperature response.Under low-temperature stress,the plant enhanced its stress resistance by significantly elevating antioxidant enzyme activities and accumulating osmolytes.Concurrently,transcriptomic analysis indicated that metabolic pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis,MAPK signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signal transduction were crucial for S.plumbizincicola’s adaptation to low-temperature stress.展开更多
The degradation of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)during cycling is particularly exacerbated at low temperatures,which has a significant impact on the longevity of electric vehicles,energy storage systems,and consumer ele...The degradation of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)during cycling is particularly exacerbated at low temperatures,which has a significant impact on the longevity of electric vehicles,energy storage systems,and consumer electronics.A comprehensive understanding of the low-temperature aging mechanisms throughout the whole life cycle of LIBs is crucial.However,existing research is limited,which typically focuses on capacity degradation to 80%.To fill this gap,this paper conducts low-temperature cyclic aging tests at three different charging rates.The investigation employs differential voltage analysis,the distribution of relaxation times technique,and disassembly characterization to explore both thermodynamic degradation and kinetic degradation,alongside a correlation analysis of the factors influencing these degradation processes.The results reveal two distinct knee points in the capacity decline of LIBs during the whole life cycle,in contrast to prior studies identifying only one.Before the first knee point,the thickening of the SEI film dominates capacity loss,with higher charging rates accelerating the process.After the first knee point,the main degradation mechanisms shift to lithium plating and the fracture of the positive electrode active particles.These two aging factors become more pronounced with ongoing cycling,culminating in a second knee point in capacity decline.Notably,a novel finding demonstrates that after the second knee point,capacity degradation progresses faster at lower charging rates compared to medium rates.The reason is the fracture of graphite particles also becomes a critical contributor to the severe capacity degradation at lower charging rates.These insights will guide the designs of next-generation low-temperature LIBs and low-temperature battery management systems.展开更多
Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional sy...Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional synthesis methods often depend on toxic reagents and stringent conditions,limiting their large-scale synthesis and practical application.In this work,an environmentally friendly synthesis route was proposed for preparing vacancy-ordered double perovskites Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)with high crystallinity under low-temperature and ambient-pressure conditions.This method utilizes ion liquid(i.e.,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Bmim]Br)and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide([Bmim]I))in combination with saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium halides as solvents,replacing traditional hydrogen halide acid or polar organic solvents.Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)possess high crystallinity,well-defined morphology,and improved thermal stability.These improvements are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between ionic liquids and the perovskite precursors.Additionally,the halogen-rich environment provided by ionic liquids and ammonium halide salts facilitates defect passivation.Furthermore,this method is applicable to the synthesis of doped perovskite crystals,demonstrated by the successful synthesis of Bi-doped Cs_(2)SnCl_(6) crystals with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 12.73%.This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing high-quality vacancy-ordered double perovskites and their doping or alloyed compounds.展开更多
Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.How...Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.However,uneven Na deposition and slow charge transfer kinetics still significantly impair their low temperature and rate performance.Herein,we report a non-solvating trifluoromethoxy benzene(PhOCF_(3))that modulates dipole–dipole interactions in the solvation structure.This modulation effectively reduces the affinity between Na+and solvents,promoting an anion-rich solvation sheath formation and significantly enhancing room temperature electrochemical performance in SMBs.Furthermore,temperature-dependent spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that these dipole–dipole interactions thermodynamically exclude solvent molecules from inner Na^(+)solvation sphere at low temperatures,which endows the electrolyte with exceptional temperature adaptability,leading to remarkable improvement in low temperature SMB performance.Consequently,Na||Vanadium phosphate sodium(NVP)cells with the optimized electrolyte achieve 10,000 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 90.2%at 25℃and over 650 cycles at 0.5 C with a capacity of 92.1 mA h g^(−1)at−40℃.This work probed the temperature-responsive property of Na+solvation structure and designed the temperature-adaptive electrolyte by regulating solvation structure via dipole–dipole interactions,offering a valuable guidance for low temperature electrolytes design for SMBs.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries exhibit significant promise for practical energy storage owing to their costeffective materials and inherent safety.However,the practical application at low temperatures is hindered by the s...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries exhibit significant promise for practical energy storage owing to their costeffective materials and inherent safety.However,the practical application at low temperatures is hindered by the sluggish interfacial kinetics at the Zn electrode.Here,a localized cation-anion clustering chemistry is developed by introducing cyclopentyl methyl ether(CPME)as a diluent to improve the low-temperature interface kinetics at the Zn anode.In this configuration,CPME does not participate in solvation shell formation but instead facilitates the selective integration of trifluoro-methane-sulfonate anions(OTF^(-))into the solvation sheaths of Zn^(2+)ions,accelerating desolvation kinetics at the zinc metal interface.Furthermore,the enhanced interaction between Zn^(2+)and OTF^(-)anions drives preferential anion decomposition,yielding a ZnF_(2)-rich interfacial layer,which enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion at the Zn electrode interface under cryogenic conditions.Notably,Zn//Cu cells employing this optimized electrolyte achieve corrosion-resistant zinc stripping/plating of over 1200 cycles at-40℃,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.74%.Moreover,Zn//NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)full cells demonstrate exceptional stability,retaining 90.91%of their initial capacity after 2000 cycles at-40℃.This work offers new insights into the rational regulation of interfacial kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries at low temperatures.展开更多
Here we report an interesting phenomenon that lithium plating from pre-cycling of Li-ion cells at low temperature could reduce degradation and extend cycle life at high temperature.This study confirmed the phenomenon ...Here we report an interesting phenomenon that lithium plating from pre-cycling of Li-ion cells at low temperature could reduce degradation and extend cycle life at high temperature.This study confirmed the phenomenon in both single-layer cells and multi-layer cells.It revealed that compression of the multi-layer cells must be maintained during cycling for the phenomenon to be observed.Without compression,lowtemperature pre-cycling would accelerate high-temperature degradation of the multi-layer cells.This finding helped to clarify the contradictions in previous studies on the effects of low-temperature pre-cycling.A comparison between low-temperature pre-cycling with 1C charging and 0.2C charging confirmed that lithium plating from low-temperature pre-cycling is necessary for the observed benefits.Furthermore,post-mortem analysis of single-layer cells showed a thick deposition layer on the anode of pre-cycled cells,which could be attributed to reactions from lithium plating and the electrolyte.展开更多
In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that...In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that CuCeTi sample possesses superior water re sistance at low temperature compared with MnCeTi catalyst.Upon the introduction of water vapor,both catalysts exhibit a quick loss in deNOxefficiency,while that is more pronounced on MnCeTi sample.In addition,unlike CuCeTi sample,MnCeTi catalyst also shows a gradual deactivation tendency after initial quick activity loss.Characterization and simulation results indicate that H_(2)O is more easily adsorbed and dissociated on MnCeTi catalyst,showing stronger suppression on NH3adsorption,causing more serious initial deactivation.Furthermore,more abundant hydroxyl groups derived from dissociative adsorption of water on MnCeTi catalyst will lead to more NH4NO3deposition and the decrease in redox capacity.This is the main reason of gradual deactivation of MnCeTi catalyst at high-content water vapor.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCR catalysts with good water resistance for real application.展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an extensively cultivated vegetable,and its growth and fruit quality can be significantly impaired by low temperatures.The widespread presence of N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modificatio...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an extensively cultivated vegetable,and its growth and fruit quality can be significantly impaired by low temperatures.The widespread presence of N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification on RNA is involved in a diverse range of stress response processes.There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the precise roles of m^(6)A modification in tomato,particularly for cold stress response.Here,we assessed the m^(6)A modification landscape of S.lycopersicum'Micro-Tom'leaves in response to low-temperature stress.Furthermore,we investigated the potential relationship among m^(6)A modification,transcriptional regulation,alternative polyadenylation events,and protein translation via MeRIP-seq,RNA-seq,and protein mass spectrometry.After omic date analysis,11378 and 10735 significant m^(6)A peak associated genes were identified in the control and cold treatment tomato leaves,respectively.Additionally,we observed a UGUACAK(K=G/U)motif under both conditions.Differential m^(6)A site associated genes most likely play roles in protein translation regulatory pathway.Besides directly altering gene expression levels,m^(6)A also leads to differential poly(A)site usage under low-temperature.Finally,24 important candidate genes associated with cold stress were identified by system-level multi-omic analysis.Among them,m^(6)A modification levels were increased in SBPase(Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase,Solyc05g052600.4)mRNA,causing distal poly(A)site usage,downregulation of mRNA expression level,and increased protein abundance.Through these,tomato leaves try to maintain normal photo synthetic carbon assimilation and nitro gen metabolism under low-temperature condition.The comprehensive investigation of the m^(6)A modification landscape and multi-omics analysis provide valuable insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in tomato cold stress response.展开更多
We optimized the gradation of cold recycled mixture(CRM)based on low-temperature performance.Firstly,the low-temperature crack resistance of CRM with different gradation and emulsified asphalt content was studied by i...We optimized the gradation of cold recycled mixture(CRM)based on low-temperature performance.Firstly,the low-temperature crack resistance of CRM with different gradation and emulsified asphalt content was studied by indirect tension(IDT)and semi-circular bending(SCB)test.Thereafter,the low-temperature performance evaluation index suitable for CRM was put forward.Then,the triangular coordinate statistical chart was used to analyze the optimal proportion of three grades of aggregate which are 2.36-4.75 mm,0.075-2.36 mm and below 0.075 mm.The results showed that the W_(f) and G_(f) could distinguish the low-temperature performance of CRM with different mixtures and emulsified asphalt dosage.For cold recycled fine aggregate,2.36-4.75 mm,0.075-2.36 mm and less than 0.075 mm account for 20%-25%,74.3%-80%and 5%-8%,respectively.The CRM with lower void fraction,higher W_(f) and G_(f) could be obtained.Based on the reported findings,it was suggested that the sieve passing percentage of 4.75,2.36,and 0.075 mm of CRM is 45%-55%,27%-52%and 1.5%-5%,respectively.展开更多
Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cel...Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cells(CFCs)research.In this work,the experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the highly stable single-phase Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)(GGO)garnet structure,composed of Gd-O octahedrons and Ga-O tetrahedrons,provides more active sites for ion transport,resulting in enhanced peak power density(PPD)and stable open circuit voltage(OCV)at low operational temperatures.The unique internal garnet structure effectively reduces the interfacial impedance of the prepared fuel cell device,provides more active sites at triple-phase boundarie region,and increases the electrochemical stability.As a result,the constructed fuel cell device can deliver a superior peak power density of 770 mW/cm^(2)at 490℃.In addition,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations further demonstrate electrolyte effectiveness of GGO,enabling stable an OCV even at a low temperature of 370℃under a H_(2)/air environment.This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of a single-layer fuel cell device,which is essential for advancing this promising energy technology,even at a very low temperature of 370℃.展开更多
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671624)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(No.PCRRF20011).
文摘Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279070[L.Wang]and U21A20170[X.He])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.
基金project was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130401)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104055,52374058)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2021ME171,ZR2024YQ043)。
文摘CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372223)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301404)+1 种基金the College Students'Innovationand Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province,China(S202210364136)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(2023AH040133).
文摘Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172250)Institute of Process Engineering(IPE)Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-06)。
文摘The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A2052)Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan。
文摘ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178295,21706225)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ50085)Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of New Chemical Technologies for Environmental Benignity and Efficient Resource Utilization.
文摘The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.
基金supported by the Hundred Talents Programof the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Pre-Research Project JZX7Y20220414101801the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB35000000)the National Natural Science Foundation Projects(No.51806231).
文摘Helium sorption cooler technology is a key means to realize highly reliable low-vibration very lowtemperature environments,which have important applications in fields such as quantum computing and space exploration.The laboratory designed a superfluid suppression small hole and a multi-ribbed condenser,developed a reliable-performance helium sorption cooler(HSC),and conducted experimental studies.Experimental results show that the prototype can achieve the lowest cooling temperature of 873 mK without load by filling 6MPa helium at room temperature.The low-temperature hold time is 26 h,and the temperature fluctuation is within 0.8 mK.The cooling power of the helium sorption cooler is 1 mW@0.98 K@3.5 h.Experimental results indicate that when the charging pressure is reduced to 4MPa,theminimum temperature decreases to 836mK,and the hold time shortens to 16 h.When the pre-cooling temperature increases from 3.9 to 4.9 K,the hold time is reduced to 3 h.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471894)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASASTIP-ZFRI)。
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is an economically important horticultural crop.However,it is susceptible to lowtemperature stress,which significantly challenges its production and supply.Despite the great economic importance of watermelon,little is known about its response to low-temperature stress at the transcriptional level.In this study,we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis to systematically investigate the regulatory network of watermelon under low-temperature stress.Six low-temperature-responsive gene clusters representing six expression patterns were identified,revealing diverse regulation of metabolic pathways in watermelon under lowtemperature stress.Analysis of temporally specific differentially expressed genes revealed the time-dependent nature of the watermelon response to low temperature.Moreover,ClMYB14 was found to be a negative regulator of low-temperature tolerance as ClMYB14-OE lines were more susceptible to low-temperature stress.Co-expression network analysis demonstrated that ClMYB14 participates in the low-temperature response by regulating the unsaturated fatty acid pathway and heat shock transcription factor.This study provides substantial information for understanding the regulatory network of watermelon in response to low-temperature stress,and identifies candidate genes for the genetic improvement of watermelon with higher low-temperature tolerance.
基金financially supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No.22-CM-FC-20the support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Bigdata Center。
文摘With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.
文摘To investigate the response mechanisms of Sedum plumbizincicola under low-temperature stress,phenotypic traits and physiological parameters including superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were examined following 6-hour treatments at 22(control),10,and-2℃.Transcriptome analysis was subsequently conducted.The results showed that low-temperature stress significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD and POD),along with osmotic adjustment-related indicators such as MDA content,soluble sugar and protein content,and relative electrolytic conductivity.After quality control and optimization of the transcriptome data,a total of 78803 unigenes were obtained,with an average length of 871.13 bp and an N50 of 1510 bp.Compared with the control,8391 and 10730 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified under 10 and-2℃treatments,respectively.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in responses to abiotic stimuli including temperature,DNA-binding transcription factor activity,and amino acid metabolic processes.In S.plumbizincicola,the activation of flavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathways likely played a critical role in low-temperature response.Under low-temperature stress,the plant enhanced its stress resistance by significantly elevating antioxidant enzyme activities and accumulating osmolytes.Concurrently,transcriptomic analysis indicated that metabolic pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis,MAPK signaling,nitrogen metabolism,and plant hormone signal transduction were crucial for S.plumbizincicola’s adaptation to low-temperature stress.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant number U20A20310)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(Grant number 22XD1423800)。
文摘The degradation of Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)during cycling is particularly exacerbated at low temperatures,which has a significant impact on the longevity of electric vehicles,energy storage systems,and consumer electronics.A comprehensive understanding of the low-temperature aging mechanisms throughout the whole life cycle of LIBs is crucial.However,existing research is limited,which typically focuses on capacity degradation to 80%.To fill this gap,this paper conducts low-temperature cyclic aging tests at three different charging rates.The investigation employs differential voltage analysis,the distribution of relaxation times technique,and disassembly characterization to explore both thermodynamic degradation and kinetic degradation,alongside a correlation analysis of the factors influencing these degradation processes.The results reveal two distinct knee points in the capacity decline of LIBs during the whole life cycle,in contrast to prior studies identifying only one.Before the first knee point,the thickening of the SEI film dominates capacity loss,with higher charging rates accelerating the process.After the first knee point,the main degradation mechanisms shift to lithium plating and the fracture of the positive electrode active particles.These two aging factors become more pronounced with ongoing cycling,culminating in a second knee point in capacity decline.Notably,a novel finding demonstrates that after the second knee point,capacity degradation progresses faster at lower charging rates compared to medium rates.The reason is the fracture of graphite particles also becomes a critical contributor to the severe capacity degradation at lower charging rates.These insights will guide the designs of next-generation low-temperature LIBs and low-temperature battery management systems.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.2254087 and 2242008)the Beijing Information Science and Technology University Foundation,China(No.1925008)Beijing Information Science and Technology University Young Faculty Support Program,China(No.YBT202411).
文摘Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional synthesis methods often depend on toxic reagents and stringent conditions,limiting their large-scale synthesis and practical application.In this work,an environmentally friendly synthesis route was proposed for preparing vacancy-ordered double perovskites Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)with high crystallinity under low-temperature and ambient-pressure conditions.This method utilizes ion liquid(i.e.,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Bmim]Br)and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide([Bmim]I))in combination with saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium halides as solvents,replacing traditional hydrogen halide acid or polar organic solvents.Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)possess high crystallinity,well-defined morphology,and improved thermal stability.These improvements are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between ionic liquids and the perovskite precursors.Additionally,the halogen-rich environment provided by ionic liquids and ammonium halide salts facilitates defect passivation.Furthermore,this method is applicable to the synthesis of doped perovskite crystals,demonstrated by the successful synthesis of Bi-doped Cs_(2)SnCl_(6) crystals with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 12.73%.This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing high-quality vacancy-ordered double perovskites and their doping or alloyed compounds.
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2400300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875198,21875195)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190040)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Xiamen(3502Z20201013)。
文摘Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are expected to become an alternative solution for energy storage and power systems in the future due to their abundant resources,substantial energy–density,and all-climate performance.However,uneven Na deposition and slow charge transfer kinetics still significantly impair their low temperature and rate performance.Herein,we report a non-solvating trifluoromethoxy benzene(PhOCF_(3))that modulates dipole–dipole interactions in the solvation structure.This modulation effectively reduces the affinity between Na+and solvents,promoting an anion-rich solvation sheath formation and significantly enhancing room temperature electrochemical performance in SMBs.Furthermore,temperature-dependent spectroscopic characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that these dipole–dipole interactions thermodynamically exclude solvent molecules from inner Na^(+)solvation sphere at low temperatures,which endows the electrolyte with exceptional temperature adaptability,leading to remarkable improvement in low temperature SMB performance.Consequently,Na||Vanadium phosphate sodium(NVP)cells with the optimized electrolyte achieve 10,000 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 90.2%at 25℃and over 650 cycles at 0.5 C with a capacity of 92.1 mA h g^(−1)at−40℃.This work probed the temperature-responsive property of Na+solvation structure and designed the temperature-adaptive electrolyte by regulating solvation structure via dipole–dipole interactions,offering a valuable guidance for low temperature electrolytes design for SMBs.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209071,22309081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220339,BK20230320)+2 种基金the Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(22KJB150006,22KJB430005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2023M731641)the Open Project Fund from Jiangsu Province Large Scientific Instruments。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries exhibit significant promise for practical energy storage owing to their costeffective materials and inherent safety.However,the practical application at low temperatures is hindered by the sluggish interfacial kinetics at the Zn electrode.Here,a localized cation-anion clustering chemistry is developed by introducing cyclopentyl methyl ether(CPME)as a diluent to improve the low-temperature interface kinetics at the Zn anode.In this configuration,CPME does not participate in solvation shell formation but instead facilitates the selective integration of trifluoro-methane-sulfonate anions(OTF^(-))into the solvation sheaths of Zn^(2+)ions,accelerating desolvation kinetics at the zinc metal interface.Furthermore,the enhanced interaction between Zn^(2+)and OTF^(-)anions drives preferential anion decomposition,yielding a ZnF_(2)-rich interfacial layer,which enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion at the Zn electrode interface under cryogenic conditions.Notably,Zn//Cu cells employing this optimized electrolyte achieve corrosion-resistant zinc stripping/plating of over 1200 cycles at-40℃,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.74%.Moreover,Zn//NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)full cells demonstrate exceptional stability,retaining 90.91%of their initial capacity after 2000 cycles at-40℃.This work offers new insights into the rational regulation of interfacial kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries at low temperatures.
基金supported by the startup funding of G.Z.from The University of Alabama in Huntsville(UAH).
文摘Here we report an interesting phenomenon that lithium plating from pre-cycling of Li-ion cells at low temperature could reduce degradation and extend cycle life at high temperature.This study confirmed the phenomenon in both single-layer cells and multi-layer cells.It revealed that compression of the multi-layer cells must be maintained during cycling for the phenomenon to be observed.Without compression,lowtemperature pre-cycling would accelerate high-temperature degradation of the multi-layer cells.This finding helped to clarify the contradictions in previous studies on the effects of low-temperature pre-cycling.A comparison between low-temperature pre-cycling with 1C charging and 0.2C charging confirmed that lithium plating from low-temperature pre-cycling is necessary for the observed benefits.Furthermore,post-mortem analysis of single-layer cells showed a thick deposition layer on the anode of pre-cycled cells,which could be attributed to reactions from lithium plating and the electrolyte.
基金Project supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3701600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276162 and 22306072)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731441)Young Talent Fund of Jiaxing Science and Technology Project(2023AY40030)。
文摘In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that CuCeTi sample possesses superior water re sistance at low temperature compared with MnCeTi catalyst.Upon the introduction of water vapor,both catalysts exhibit a quick loss in deNOxefficiency,while that is more pronounced on MnCeTi sample.In addition,unlike CuCeTi sample,MnCeTi catalyst also shows a gradual deactivation tendency after initial quick activity loss.Characterization and simulation results indicate that H_(2)O is more easily adsorbed and dissociated on MnCeTi catalyst,showing stronger suppression on NH3adsorption,causing more serious initial deactivation.Furthermore,more abundant hydroxyl groups derived from dissociative adsorption of water on MnCeTi catalyst will lead to more NH4NO3deposition and the decrease in redox capacity.This is the main reason of gradual deactivation of MnCeTi catalyst at high-content water vapor.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCR catalysts with good water resistance for real application.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32202518 and 32070601)Shandong University of Technology PhD Start-up Fund(418097)。
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an extensively cultivated vegetable,and its growth and fruit quality can be significantly impaired by low temperatures.The widespread presence of N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification on RNA is involved in a diverse range of stress response processes.There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the precise roles of m^(6)A modification in tomato,particularly for cold stress response.Here,we assessed the m^(6)A modification landscape of S.lycopersicum'Micro-Tom'leaves in response to low-temperature stress.Furthermore,we investigated the potential relationship among m^(6)A modification,transcriptional regulation,alternative polyadenylation events,and protein translation via MeRIP-seq,RNA-seq,and protein mass spectrometry.After omic date analysis,11378 and 10735 significant m^(6)A peak associated genes were identified in the control and cold treatment tomato leaves,respectively.Additionally,we observed a UGUACAK(K=G/U)motif under both conditions.Differential m^(6)A site associated genes most likely play roles in protein translation regulatory pathway.Besides directly altering gene expression levels,m^(6)A also leads to differential poly(A)site usage under low-temperature.Finally,24 important candidate genes associated with cold stress were identified by system-level multi-omic analysis.Among them,m^(6)A modification levels were increased in SBPase(Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase,Solyc05g052600.4)mRNA,causing distal poly(A)site usage,downregulation of mRNA expression level,and increased protein abundance.Through these,tomato leaves try to maintain normal photo synthetic carbon assimilation and nitro gen metabolism under low-temperature condition.The comprehensive investigation of the m^(6)A modification landscape and multi-omics analysis provide valuable insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in tomato cold stress response.
基金Funded by the Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangxi Province (No. 20223BBG74002)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51778483, 51978521)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT24RC (3)100)。
文摘We optimized the gradation of cold recycled mixture(CRM)based on low-temperature performance.Firstly,the low-temperature crack resistance of CRM with different gradation and emulsified asphalt content was studied by indirect tension(IDT)and semi-circular bending(SCB)test.Thereafter,the low-temperature performance evaluation index suitable for CRM was put forward.Then,the triangular coordinate statistical chart was used to analyze the optimal proportion of three grades of aggregate which are 2.36-4.75 mm,0.075-2.36 mm and below 0.075 mm.The results showed that the W_(f) and G_(f) could distinguish the low-temperature performance of CRM with different mixtures and emulsified asphalt dosage.For cold recycled fine aggregate,2.36-4.75 mm,0.075-2.36 mm and less than 0.075 mm account for 20%-25%,74.3%-80%and 5%-8%,respectively.The CRM with lower void fraction,higher W_(f) and G_(f) could be obtained.Based on the reported findings,it was suggested that the sieve passing percentage of 4.75,2.36,and 0.075 mm of CRM is 45%-55%,27%-52%and 1.5%-5%,respectively.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Fundamental Research Program(JSSCRC2021491)Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-391)。
文摘Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cells(CFCs)research.In this work,the experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the highly stable single-phase Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)(GGO)garnet structure,composed of Gd-O octahedrons and Ga-O tetrahedrons,provides more active sites for ion transport,resulting in enhanced peak power density(PPD)and stable open circuit voltage(OCV)at low operational temperatures.The unique internal garnet structure effectively reduces the interfacial impedance of the prepared fuel cell device,provides more active sites at triple-phase boundarie region,and increases the electrochemical stability.As a result,the constructed fuel cell device can deliver a superior peak power density of 770 mW/cm^(2)at 490℃.In addition,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations further demonstrate electrolyte effectiveness of GGO,enabling stable an OCV even at a low temperature of 370℃under a H_(2)/air environment.This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of a single-layer fuel cell device,which is essential for advancing this promising energy technology,even at a very low temperature of 370℃.
