Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility is concerned with obligations that should be undertaken by an enterprise or ＂enterprise citizen＂ to the society including interrelationship between enterprise and som...Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility is concerned with obligations that should be undertaken by an enterprise or ＂enterprise citizen＂ to the society including interrelationship between enterprise and some related interest dependents. And it is a sense of value, discipline and respect to the people, community and environment-related policies of the enterprise. Obviously, the core of the notion refers to a commitment of the enterprise in order to improve living standard of related interest counterparts. Nowadays, entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility has been not only an ethical call, but also an institutional constraint. The consensus is that in operation process an enterprise should take into account of its economic, social and ethical effects on consumers, staffs, shareholders, communities, local governments and environment and make a better prospect to them. Based on this point of view, by field work and questionnaire method, this paper discusses specifically the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development of the Pudong New Area, a China＇s largest special economic zone in Shanghai to explore dynamics of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities, growth of the local economy and their roles in promoting flexible innovation networks for sustainable futures. This involves： a. notion of the entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility; b. current state and trend of TNCs＇ R＆D activities; c. mode and linkage tightness between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and the local economy; d. main problems of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities in Pudong; e. the context of flexible innovation networks; and f. manner and ways in creation of flexible innovation networks.展开更多
With the advent of tax and expenditure limitations, state and local governments have been searching for new sources of revenue to maintain or expand public services. The need for new sources of revenue has been partic...With the advent of tax and expenditure limitations, state and local governments have been searching for new sources of revenue to maintain or expand public services. The need for new sources of revenue has been particularly acute in localities that have experienced rapid growth. The new act No. 447 of November 20, 2015 on Local Development Fee was approved in Slovakia. The Act comes into force on November 1, 2016. The paper points out possible problems associated with the introduction of the local development fee abroad and discribes the situation in Slovakia.展开更多
In the past nearly 30 years, the emergence of the market economies in China was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activities. The particularly successful cases happened in the Yangtze River Delta...In the past nearly 30 years, the emergence of the market economies in China was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activities. The particularly successful cases happened in the Yangtze River Delta, namely, the two most famous models for local developments in China＇s economic transformation and market development： the ＂ South Jiangsu Model＂ in south Jiangsu and the ＂Wenzhou model＂ in southeast Zhejiang. Although there have been debates upon the two development models for a considerably long time, both models keep being open in and compatible to local development and globalization. The two models influence each other, keep being in institutional transition through bilateral paths transplantation, i.e. learning from each other and employing cooperation in their developments. Transition and transplantation are adaptation mechanisms for local developments of the two models to participate in global economies with industrial division and labour division, and also for the two models to continuously further contribute to China＇s nationwide market transition and economic development.展开更多
Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization.This study,taking the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China with an export-oriented economy as an examp...Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization.This study,taking the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China with an export-oriented economy as an example,applies Huff and panel regres-sion models to evaluate the impact of hinterland manufacturing on the development of container ports during the period of 1993–2019.The results show that 1)the spatial patterns of hinterlands for hub ports help to determine the distribution range and scale of economic variables that affect port throughput;2)the hinterland’s gross manufacturing output has universally positive influence on port through-put,wherein export-oriented processing and the entire manufacturing industry have significantly positive impact on port throughput in 1993–2011 and 2001–2019,respectively;3)the two internal structural factors related to an export-oriented economy,labor-intensive sectors and foreign-funded terminals,have positively moderate the direct influence of hinterland manufacturing on port throughput.Our results highlight the importance of local context in understanding port-manufacturing relationship in developing economies.Based on our findings,policy implications are further proposed to enhance port network organization in PRD.展开更多
The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the...The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the Continent. The local sustainable development mainly consists in two factors： one is the renovating method continually invented by European Secretariot of ICLEI, and the other is that the local authorities towards sustainability are co-operated by the European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign. The coo-budget method is the outcome of tbese factors, For our country is a big country, on rapid progression of indastrialization and urbanization, with a large population and scarce resoarces per capita, it is practically significance to study us soon as possible the methodology. Experience from European local sustainable development may help us to resolve the handicap of departraent division in local a, tbority.展开更多
Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader communit...Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader community.Lo-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given region.Oklahoma,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy resource.Previous studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in Oklahoma.However,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are limited.Using fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm infrastructure.It also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.展开更多
2021 is the first year of the 14th five-year plan which coincides with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party. If Chinas manufacturing industry wants to go global, it cannot do without the support of high-...2021 is the first year of the 14th five-year plan which coincides with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party. If Chinas manufacturing industry wants to go global, it cannot do without the support of high-level skilled technical talents. As a higher vocational college that trains high-quality technical and technical talents, it must adapt to the requirements of industrial transformation and upgrading. At present, due to the problems of low hardware level, weak linkage between teaching and research, insufficient participation of enterprises, few high-quality research results, low technology transformation and application rate, weak level of scientific research team, etc., the social service ability of higher vocational colleges cannot achieve the expected goal of "double high" construction which is an urgent problem to be solved in improving the service ability of higher vocational colleges.展开更多
In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is ...In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.展开更多
The construction controlling elements,including construction performance at low ambient temperatures,reserved time ranges,and the strength increasing rule,for locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture（LDEAM） are studi...The construction controlling elements,including construction performance at low ambient temperatures,reserved time ranges,and the strength increasing rule,for locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture（LDEAM） are studied through laboratory tests.Air void and Marshall stability are chosen as the performance measures for evaluating the construction quality.The wheel rolling test is used to simulate the actual construction situations,while the Marshall test and the Brookfield viscosity test are adopted to study the strength increasing rule.The experimental results reveal that the LDEAM can be constructed under a low ambient temperature condition of 10℃,and its longest reserved time is 70 min at a reserved temperature of 120℃.Test also shows that the strength of the LDEAM increases with time and temperature before cured.Finally,the theoretical reason for the strength increasing rule is analyzed on the basis of the organic chemistry theory.展开更多
Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial chall...Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.展开更多
Dimensions of sustainable development were analyzed based on the commonality, services, and ecotourism activities of 35 indigenous communities in Mexico. Based on indicators of local development in indigenous communit...Dimensions of sustainable development were analyzed based on the commonality, services, and ecotourism activities of 35 indigenous communities in Mexico. Based on indicators of local development in indigenous communities with ecotourism activities available and environmental indicators given by the Ministry of Tourism of Mexico SECTUR and of communitarian sustainability developed in Mexico. Data from a 118 items questionnaire from inhabitants participating in ecotourism projects of indigenous groups within 13 states of the Mexican Republic were tested. The results showed the definition of five categories of local development, two environmental categories, and four categories of communitarian sustainability in the Mexican states with the largest indigenous populations. A positive relationship between the community perspective and the indigenous ecotourism and the three dimensions of sustainable development was observed. This study provides an alternative methodology for the analysis of the sustainable development dimensions in projects of indigenous communities.展开更多
文摘Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility is concerned with obligations that should be undertaken by an enterprise or ＂enterprise citizen＂ to the society including interrelationship between enterprise and some related interest dependents. And it is a sense of value, discipline and respect to the people, community and environment-related policies of the enterprise. Obviously, the core of the notion refers to a commitment of the enterprise in order to improve living standard of related interest counterparts. Nowadays, entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility has been not only an ethical call, but also an institutional constraint. The consensus is that in operation process an enterprise should take into account of its economic, social and ethical effects on consumers, staffs, shareholders, communities, local governments and environment and make a better prospect to them. Based on this point of view, by field work and questionnaire method, this paper discusses specifically the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development of the Pudong New Area, a China＇s largest special economic zone in Shanghai to explore dynamics of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities, growth of the local economy and their roles in promoting flexible innovation networks for sustainable futures. This involves： a. notion of the entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility; b. current state and trend of TNCs＇ R＆D activities; c. mode and linkage tightness between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and the local economy; d. main problems of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities in Pudong; e. the context of flexible innovation networks; and f. manner and ways in creation of flexible innovation networks.
文摘With the advent of tax and expenditure limitations, state and local governments have been searching for new sources of revenue to maintain or expand public services. The need for new sources of revenue has been particularly acute in localities that have experienced rapid growth. The new act No. 447 of November 20, 2015 on Local Development Fee was approved in Slovakia. The Act comes into force on November 1, 2016. The paper points out possible problems associated with the introduction of the local development fee abroad and discribes the situation in Slovakia.
文摘In the past nearly 30 years, the emergence of the market economies in China was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activities. The particularly successful cases happened in the Yangtze River Delta, namely, the two most famous models for local developments in China＇s economic transformation and market development： the ＂ South Jiangsu Model＂ in south Jiangsu and the ＂Wenzhou model＂ in southeast Zhejiang. Although there have been debates upon the two development models for a considerably long time, both models keep being open in and compatible to local development and globalization. The two models influence each other, keep being in institutional transition through bilateral paths transplantation, i.e. learning from each other and employing cooperation in their developments. Transition and transplantation are adaptation mechanisms for local developments of the two models to participate in global economies with industrial division and labour division, and also for the two models to continuously further contribute to China＇s nationwide market transition and economic development.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930646)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2022A1515011572)。
文摘Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization.This study,taking the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China with an export-oriented economy as an example,applies Huff and panel regres-sion models to evaluate the impact of hinterland manufacturing on the development of container ports during the period of 1993–2019.The results show that 1)the spatial patterns of hinterlands for hub ports help to determine the distribution range and scale of economic variables that affect port throughput;2)the hinterland’s gross manufacturing output has universally positive influence on port through-put,wherein export-oriented processing and the entire manufacturing industry have significantly positive impact on port throughput in 1993–2011 and 2001–2019,respectively;3)the two internal structural factors related to an export-oriented economy,labor-intensive sectors and foreign-funded terminals,have positively moderate the direct influence of hinterland manufacturing on port throughput.Our results highlight the importance of local context in understanding port-manufacturing relationship in developing economies.Based on our findings,policy implications are further proposed to enhance port network organization in PRD.
文摘The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the Continent. The local sustainable development mainly consists in two factors： one is the renovating method continually invented by European Secretariot of ICLEI, and the other is that the local authorities towards sustainability are co-operated by the European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign. The coo-budget method is the outcome of tbese factors, For our country is a big country, on rapid progression of indastrialization and urbanization, with a large population and scarce resoarces per capita, it is practically significance to study us soon as possible the methodology. Experience from European local sustainable development may help us to resolve the handicap of departraent division in local a, tbority.
文摘Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader community.Lo-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given region.Oklahoma,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy resource.Previous studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in Oklahoma.However,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are limited.Using fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm infrastructure.It also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.
文摘2021 is the first year of the 14th five-year plan which coincides with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party. If Chinas manufacturing industry wants to go global, it cannot do without the support of high-level skilled technical talents. As a higher vocational college that trains high-quality technical and technical talents, it must adapt to the requirements of industrial transformation and upgrading. At present, due to the problems of low hardware level, weak linkage between teaching and research, insufficient participation of enterprises, few high-quality research results, low technology transformation and application rate, weak level of scientific research team, etc., the social service ability of higher vocational colleges cannot achieve the expected goal of "double high" construction which is an urgent problem to be solved in improving the service ability of higher vocational colleges.
文摘In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50578038)the National Key Technology R& D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2009BAG15B03)
文摘The construction controlling elements,including construction performance at low ambient temperatures,reserved time ranges,and the strength increasing rule,for locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture（LDEAM） are studied through laboratory tests.Air void and Marshall stability are chosen as the performance measures for evaluating the construction quality.The wheel rolling test is used to simulate the actual construction situations,while the Marshall test and the Brookfield viscosity test are adopted to study the strength increasing rule.The experimental results reveal that the LDEAM can be constructed under a low ambient temperature condition of 10℃,and its longest reserved time is 70 min at a reserved temperature of 120℃.Test also shows that the strength of the LDEAM increases with time and temperature before cured.Finally,the theoretical reason for the strength increasing rule is analyzed on the basis of the organic chemistry theory.
文摘Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.
文摘Dimensions of sustainable development were analyzed based on the commonality, services, and ecotourism activities of 35 indigenous communities in Mexico. Based on indicators of local development in indigenous communities with ecotourism activities available and environmental indicators given by the Ministry of Tourism of Mexico SECTUR and of communitarian sustainability developed in Mexico. Data from a 118 items questionnaire from inhabitants participating in ecotourism projects of indigenous groups within 13 states of the Mexican Republic were tested. The results showed the definition of five categories of local development, two environmental categories, and four categories of communitarian sustainability in the Mexican states with the largest indigenous populations. A positive relationship between the community perspective and the indigenous ecotourism and the three dimensions of sustainable development was observed. This study provides an alternative methodology for the analysis of the sustainable development dimensions in projects of indigenous communities.
