针对复杂背景下红外小目标检测面临的检测精度不足、算法计算复杂度高以及漏检和虚警等问题,提出一种基于改进RT-DETR的面向红外小目标场景的轻量级检测算法(Lightweight Infrared Small Target-Detection Transformer,LIST-DETR)。首先...针对复杂背景下红外小目标检测面临的检测精度不足、算法计算复杂度高以及漏检和虚警等问题,提出一种基于改进RT-DETR的面向红外小目标场景的轻量级检测算法(Lightweight Infrared Small Target-Detection Transformer,LIST-DETR)。首先,采用轻量化双卷积核优化主干特征提取网络,在保证网络轻量化的同时显著提升模型检测精度;其次,提出基于动态位置偏差与注意力机制的高效尺度内特征交互模块(Dynamic Position Bias-Attention-based Intrascale Feature Interaction,DPB-AIFI),有效增强了弱小目标的定位精度与背景抑制能力;此外,设计的轻量级高效特征融合模块RetBlockC3在保证实时性的同时,优化了模型的特征融合效果;最后,采用超轻量动态上采样替代最近邻上采样,提升了模型对小目标特征信息的捕捉能力。实验结果表明,LIST-DETR模型在三个具有典型复杂背景的红外数据集上均取得了优异性能:m AP@0.5指标分别达到97.2%、98.4%和85.8%,相较于基线模型分别提升2.3%、1.2%和3.2%。此外,与现有先进算法相比,LIST-DETR在模型体积、参数量及计算量等性能指标上均获得显著改善,为复杂背.景下红外小目标的高质量检测提供了新的解决方案。展开更多
In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs a...In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.展开更多
The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of p...The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.展开更多
The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medici...The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medicinal product and re-evaluation of generic medicinal product.In China,RLDs are sourced from various origins,but their quality and market availability can be constrained by multiple factors,including emergent issues such as nitrosamine impurities.Five classes of medicinal products have been reported to be at risk for containing nitrosamine impurities:sartan-based medicines,metformin-containing products,ranitidine medicines,rifampicin medicines,and Champix.This paper explores the control strategies implemented by drug regulatory agencies in the United States and the European Union to manage nitrosamine impurities and assesses their impact on the market availability and quality of RLDs in China.The aim is to offer valuable insights for generic drug manufacturers and regulatory bodies both domestically and internationally.展开更多
With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the...With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the fourth revision since the first edition was introduced in 2018.The new edition reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106,according to the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),China’s top economic planner.展开更多
Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-med...Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.展开更多
Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new rou...Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,global supply chain security risks have become more prominent.The focus of major countries'resource security assurance has also shifted from bulk minerals to critical minerals.展开更多
针对在海量数据中频繁项集挖掘耗时问题,近年来提出的N-List结构可有效提高挖掘效率。基于N-List提出一种新的频繁项集挖掘算法HNSFI(Hash table and subsume frequent itemsets mining based on N-List)。该算法利用PPC-tree生成N-List...针对在海量数据中频繁项集挖掘耗时问题,近年来提出的N-List结构可有效提高挖掘效率。基于N-List提出一种新的频繁项集挖掘算法HNSFI(Hash table and subsume frequent itemsets mining based on N-List)。该算法利用PPC-tree生成N-List,引入哈希表存储N-List表示的项集,加快N-List相交操作运算时间;引入包含因子概念,利用其性质通过组合方法可以直接生成部分频繁项集,进一步提高算法时间性能。在三种不同的数据集上对该算法进行了测试和分析,实验结果表明在稠密数据集中该算法的时间性能是最优的。展开更多
We present a novel incremental algorithm for non-slicing floorplans based on the corner block list representation. The horizontal and vertical adjacency graphs are derived from the packing of the initial floorplanning...We present a novel incremental algorithm for non-slicing floorplans based on the corner block list representation. The horizontal and vertical adjacency graphs are derived from the packing of the initial floorplanning results. Based on the critical path and the accumulated slack distances we define,we choose the best position for insertion and do a series of operations incrementally, such as deleting modules, adding modules, and resizing modules quickly. This incremental floorplanning algorithm has a very high speed less than 1μm,which is one of the most important measures in this research. The algorithm preserves the original good performances on area and wire length. It can also supply other tools with good physical estimates for area, wire length, and other performance guidelines.展开更多
文摘In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.
文摘The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.
基金Subject construction funding project of Institute for Chemical Drug Control(Grant No.2024HYZX42)in National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing,China。
文摘The Reference Listed drug(RLD)plays a critical role in the development and research of generic medicinal products,serving as the comparator product used in the marketing authorization application of new generic medicinal product and re-evaluation of generic medicinal product.In China,RLDs are sourced from various origins,but their quality and market availability can be constrained by multiple factors,including emergent issues such as nitrosamine impurities.Five classes of medicinal products have been reported to be at risk for containing nitrosamine impurities:sartan-based medicines,metformin-containing products,ranitidine medicines,rifampicin medicines,and Champix.This paper explores the control strategies implemented by drug regulatory agencies in the United States and the European Union to manage nitrosamine impurities and assesses their impact on the market availability and quality of RLDs in China.The aim is to offer valuable insights for generic drug manufacturers and regulatory bodies both domestically and internationally.
文摘With the relaxation of the market access negative list,private enterprises in China are embracing more development opportunities.THE Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition)was officially released on April 24,the fourth revision since the first edition was introduced in 2018.The new edition reduced the number of items from 117 in 2022 to 106,according to the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),China’s top economic planner.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)with project ID 62071498the Guangdong National Science Foundation(GDNSF)with project ID 2024A1515010213.
文摘Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.
文摘Rare earths,as a strategic mineral resource,play a vital role in high-tech industries such as aerospace,national defense and military,electronic information,and new energy.With the accelerated evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,global supply chain security risks have become more prominent.The focus of major countries'resource security assurance has also shifted from bulk minerals to critical minerals.
文摘针对在海量数据中频繁项集挖掘耗时问题,近年来提出的N-List结构可有效提高挖掘效率。基于N-List提出一种新的频繁项集挖掘算法HNSFI(Hash table and subsume frequent itemsets mining based on N-List)。该算法利用PPC-tree生成N-List,引入哈希表存储N-List表示的项集,加快N-List相交操作运算时间;引入包含因子概念,利用其性质通过组合方法可以直接生成部分频繁项集,进一步提高算法时间性能。在三种不同的数据集上对该算法进行了测试和分析,实验结果表明在稠密数据集中该算法的时间性能是最优的。
文摘We present a novel incremental algorithm for non-slicing floorplans based on the corner block list representation. The horizontal and vertical adjacency graphs are derived from the packing of the initial floorplanning results. Based on the critical path and the accumulated slack distances we define,we choose the best position for insertion and do a series of operations incrementally, such as deleting modules, adding modules, and resizing modules quickly. This incremental floorplanning algorithm has a very high speed less than 1μm,which is one of the most important measures in this research. The algorithm preserves the original good performances on area and wire length. It can also supply other tools with good physical estimates for area, wire length, and other performance guidelines.
