Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new kind of crystalline porous materials composed of organic molecules connected by covalent bonds,processes the characteristics of low density,large specific surface area,adjust...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new kind of crystalline porous materials composed of organic molecules connected by covalent bonds,processes the characteristics of low density,large specific surface area,adjustable pore size and structure,and easy to functionalize,which have been widely used in the field of membrane separation technology.Recently,there are more and more researches focusing on the preparation methods,separation application,and mechanism of COF membranes,which need to be further summarized and compared.In this review,we primarily summarized several conventional preparation methods,such as two-phase interfacial polymerization,in-situ growth on substrate,unidirectional diffusion method,layer-by-layer assembly method,mixed matrix membranes,and so on.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are briefly summarized.The application potential of COF membrane in liquid separation are introduced from four aspects:dyeing wastewater treatment,heavy metal removal,seawater desalination and oil-water separation.Then,the mechanisms including pore structure,hydrophilic/hydrophobic,electrostatic repulsion/attraction and Donnan effect are introduced.For the efficient removal of different kind of pollutions,researchers can select different ligands to construct membranes with specific pore size,hydrophily,salt or organic rejection ability and functional group.The ideas for the design and preparation of COF membranes are introduced.Finally,the future direction and challenges of the next generation of COF membranes in the field of separation are prospected.展开更多
The effects of Ni addition on the liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresi stance (GMR) of Cu Co alloys were discussed. The results reveal that Ni additio n can partially restrain the liquid phase separation of C...The effects of Ni addition on the liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresi stance (GMR) of Cu Co alloys were discussed. The results reveal that Ni additio n can partially restrain the liquid phase separation of Cu Co alloys, resultin g in a decrease of volume fraction for the Co rich particles separated from the liquid phase and in refined microstructures. The composition analyses indicate t hat Ni is dissolved in both the Co rich and the Cu rich phases, but Ni content in the Co rich phase is much higher than that in the Cu matrix. At the same ti me, Ni addition enhance the solubility between Cu and Co, especially Cu in Co s olid solution. Ni alloying into Cu Co alloys can fully prevent the liquid phase separation during melt spinning, which is very beneficial to improve GMR of Cu Co alloys.展开更多
（Fe50Co25B15Si10）80Cu20 ribbons are prepared by using the single-roller melt-spinning method. A dual-layer structure consisting of a （Fe, Co）-rich amorphous phase and a Cu-rich crystalline phase forms due to metas...（Fe50Co25B15Si10）80Cu20 ribbons are prepared by using the single-roller melt-spinning method. A dual-layer structure consisting of a （Fe, Co）-rich amorphous phase and a Cu-rich crystalline phase forms due to metastable liquid phase separation before solidification. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the as-quenched and annealed samples are measured at room temperature. It is indicated that the coercivity of the ribbon is almost zero in the as-quenched state. The crystallization leads to the increase of coercivity and decrease of saturation magnetization.展开更多
The quorum-sensing systems are sophisticated networks mediating intra-/inter-species bacterial communication[1].They have essential roles in bacterial community shaping,pathogenesis,infection,microbial-host interactio...The quorum-sensing systems are sophisticated networks mediating intra-/inter-species bacterial communication[1].They have essential roles in bacterial community shaping,pathogenesis,infection,microbial-host interaction,and natural product production,etc.They commonly employ auto-inducible transcriptional circuits,where the small molecule auto-inducers bind to receptor proteins and globally boost the gene expression responsible for the above biological processes[1,2].Thus,these systems are promising targets for transcriptional engineering for bacterial drug resistance[3]and cancer therapy[4].However,how the biological activities of transcriptional factors in quorum-sensing axes are regulated for the strict control of quorum sensing remains poorly understood.It has impeded the precise design of artificial quorum-sensing systems based on synthetic biology for more promising applications,such as drug design and gut commensal balance for human health[5].展开更多
Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)underlies the formation of biomolecular condensates that organize proteins and RNAs without membrane boundaries.In the ongoing arms race between plants and pathogens,LLPS has emerg...Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)underlies the formation of biomolecular condensates that organize proteins and RNAs without membrane boundaries.In the ongoing arms race between plants and pathogens,LLPS has emerged as a central regulatory mechanism.Pathogens exploit biomolecular condensates to build replication factories or redirect host factors,while plants leverage LLPS to coordinate immune signaling,RNA silencing,and stress adaptation.Recent studies depict a“biomolecular condensate battleground”where the outcome of infection hinges on the dynamic balance between pathogen-induced and host-driven assemblies.In this review,we integrate recent advances in understanding LLPS mediated by viral,fungal,bacterial,and oomycete effectors,along with key host immune regulators.We also discuss the potential of biomolecular condensate engineering as a novel strategy for crop protection and outline the major conceptual and technical challenges that remain.By connecting molecular biophysics with plant pathology,we propose that targeting LLPS offers a timely and promising route for developing durable disease resistance and improving sustainable agricultural productivity.展开更多
Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)remains the most aggressive and challenging central nervous system tumor due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment,prompting suboptimal effects to immune checkpoint blockade tr...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)remains the most aggressive and challenging central nervous system tumor due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment,prompting suboptimal effects to immune checkpoint blockade treatments.展开更多
The rs72613567:TA polymorphism in 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13(HSD17B13)has been found to reduce the progression from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).In this study,we sou...The rs72613567:TA polymorphism in 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13(HSD17B13)has been found to reduce the progression from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).In this study,we sought to define the pathogenic role of HSD17B13 in triggering liver inflammation.Here,we demonstrate that HSD17B13 forms liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)around lipid droplets in the livers of MASH patients.The dimerization of HSD17B13 supports the LLPS formation and promotes its enzymatic function.HSD17B13 LLPS increases the biosynthesis of platelet activating factor(PAF),which in turn promotes fibrinogen synthesis and leukocyte adhesion.Blockade of the PAF receptor or STAT3 pathway inhibits the fibrinogen synthesis and leukocyte adhesion.Importantly,adeno-associated viral-mediated xeno-expression of human HSD17B13 exacerbates western diet/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver inflammation in Hsd17b13^(−/−)mice.In conclusion,our results suggest that HSD17B13 LLPS triggers liver inflammation by promoting PAF-mediated leukocyte adhesion,and targeting HSD17B13 phase transition could be a promising therapeutic approach for treating hepatic inflammation in chronic liver disease.展开更多
This study focuses on experiments of Au and Cu dissolved in vapor phase in hydrothermal fluids. Experiments prove that Au and Cu can re-distribute in vapor phase and liquid phase during separation of Au- and Cu-bearin...This study focuses on experiments of Au and Cu dissolved in vapor phase in hydrothermal fluids. Experiments prove that Au and Cu can re-distribute in vapor phase and liquid phase during separation of Au- and Cu-bearing supercritical fluids to vapor and liquid phases. These experimental results can illustrate some ore geneses, where boiling phenomena of ore fluids were found. Au- and Cubearing NaHCO3-HCl solutions were heated up to more than 350℃ in the main vessel, and then passed through a phase separator in a temperature range from 250℃ to 300℃, separated into vapor and liquid phases. We collected and analyzed the liquid and vapor samples separately, and found that Au and Cu dissolved and distributed in vapor phase. In some cases, the concentrations of Au and Cu in vapor are higher than those in liquid phase. Those experiments are used to interpret field observations of fluid inclusion data of some Au and Cu deposits, and demonstrate that some Au and Cu ore deposits are derived from metals transportation in vapor phase.展开更多
The metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification of Cu60Fe30Co10 ternary peritectic alloy were investigated by using the drop tube technique and the differential scanning calorimetry method.It was found...The metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification of Cu60Fe30Co10 ternary peritectic alloy were investigated by using the drop tube technique and the differential scanning calorimetry method.It was found that the critical temperature of metastable liquid phase separation in this alloy is 1623.5 K,and the two sepa-rated liquid phases solidify as Cu(Fe,Co)and Fe(Cu,Co)solid solutions,respec-tively.The undercooling and cooling rate of droplets processed in the drop tube increase with the decrease of their diameters.During the drop tube processing,the structural morphologies of undercooled droplets are strongly dependent on the cooling rate.With the increase of the cooling rate,Fe(Cu,Co)spheres are refined greatly and become uniformly dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix.The calculations of Marangoni migration velocity(VM)and Stokes motion velocity(VS)of Fe(Cu,Co)droplets indicated that Marangoni migration contributes more to the coarsening and congregation of the minor phase during free fall.At the same undercooling,the VM/VS ratio increases drastically as Fe(Cu,Co)droplet size decreases.On the other hand,a larger undercooling tends to increase the VM/VS value for Fe(Cu,Co)drop-lets with the same size.展开更多
Metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification in a metastable miscibility gap were investigated on the Cu60Co30Cr10 alloy by using the electromagnetic levitation and splat-quenching.It is found that the ...Metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification in a metastable miscibility gap were investigated on the Cu60Co30Cr10 alloy by using the electromagnetic levitation and splat-quenching.It is found that the alloy generally has a microstructure consisting of a（Co,Cr）-rich phase embedded in a Cu-rich matrix,and the morphology and size of the（Co,Cr）-rich phase vary drastically with cooling rate.During the electromagnetic levitation solidification processing the cooling rate is lower,resulting in an obvious coalescence tendency of the（Co,Cr）-rich spheroids.The（Co,Cr）-rich phase shows dendrites and coarse spheroids at lower cooling rates.In the splat quenched samples the（Co,Cr）-rich phase spheres were refined significantly and no dendrites were observed.This is probably due to the higher cooling rate,undercooling and interface tension.展开更多
To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser...To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid claddingwas investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardnessmeasurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content,the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fecontent, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-richparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of thecomposite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is muchtwice higher than that of the substrate.展开更多
Viruses,as obligate intracellular parasites,need to enter living cells to replicate and spread[1].Biomolecular condensates(BMCs),formed via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS),play crucial roles in viral replication ...Viruses,as obligate intracellular parasites,need to enter living cells to replicate and spread[1].Biomolecular condensates(BMCs),formed via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS),play crucial roles in viral replication and assembly[1–3].These LLPS-driven BMCs create microenvironments conducive to viral processes through compartmentalization of viral and host components[3–5].展开更多
基金funding support from the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276054,U2167218,22006036)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(HY,ZC,XW)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new kind of crystalline porous materials composed of organic molecules connected by covalent bonds,processes the characteristics of low density,large specific surface area,adjustable pore size and structure,and easy to functionalize,which have been widely used in the field of membrane separation technology.Recently,there are more and more researches focusing on the preparation methods,separation application,and mechanism of COF membranes,which need to be further summarized and compared.In this review,we primarily summarized several conventional preparation methods,such as two-phase interfacial polymerization,in-situ growth on substrate,unidirectional diffusion method,layer-by-layer assembly method,mixed matrix membranes,and so on.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are briefly summarized.The application potential of COF membrane in liquid separation are introduced from four aspects:dyeing wastewater treatment,heavy metal removal,seawater desalination and oil-water separation.Then,the mechanisms including pore structure,hydrophilic/hydrophobic,electrostatic repulsion/attraction and Donnan effect are introduced.For the efficient removal of different kind of pollutions,researchers can select different ligands to construct membranes with specific pore size,hydrophily,salt or organic rejection ability and functional group.The ideas for the design and preparation of COF membranes are introduced.Finally,the future direction and challenges of the next generation of COF membranes in the field of separation are prospected.
文摘The effects of Ni addition on the liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresi stance (GMR) of Cu Co alloys were discussed. The results reveal that Ni additio n can partially restrain the liquid phase separation of Cu Co alloys, resultin g in a decrease of volume fraction for the Co rich particles separated from the liquid phase and in refined microstructures. The composition analyses indicate t hat Ni is dissolved in both the Co rich and the Cu rich phases, but Ni content in the Co rich phase is much higher than that in the Cu matrix. At the same ti me, Ni addition enhance the solubility between Cu and Co, especially Cu in Co s olid solution. Ni alloying into Cu Co alloys can fully prevent the liquid phase separation during melt spinning, which is very beneficial to improve GMR of Cu Co alloys.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51171152 and 50871088)the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Northwestern Polytechnic University,China (Grant No. JC201268)the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,China (Grant No. SKLSP201202)
文摘（Fe50Co25B15Si10）80Cu20 ribbons are prepared by using the single-roller melt-spinning method. A dual-layer structure consisting of a （Fe, Co）-rich amorphous phase and a Cu-rich crystalline phase forms due to metastable liquid phase separation before solidification. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the as-quenched and annealed samples are measured at room temperature. It is indicated that the coercivity of the ribbon is almost zero in the as-quenched state. The crystallization leads to the increase of coercivity and decrease of saturation magnetization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0909900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070039 and 32370022).
文摘The quorum-sensing systems are sophisticated networks mediating intra-/inter-species bacterial communication[1].They have essential roles in bacterial community shaping,pathogenesis,infection,microbial-host interaction,and natural product production,etc.They commonly employ auto-inducible transcriptional circuits,where the small molecule auto-inducers bind to receptor proteins and globally boost the gene expression responsible for the above biological processes[1,2].Thus,these systems are promising targets for transcriptional engineering for bacterial drug resistance[3]and cancer therapy[4].However,how the biological activities of transcriptional factors in quorum-sensing axes are regulated for the strict control of quorum sensing remains poorly understood.It has impeded the precise design of artificial quorum-sensing systems based on synthetic biology for more promising applications,such as drug design and gut commensal balance for human health[5].
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025031 and 32300149)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2024J01378 and 2025J010022).
文摘Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)underlies the formation of biomolecular condensates that organize proteins and RNAs without membrane boundaries.In the ongoing arms race between plants and pathogens,LLPS has emerged as a central regulatory mechanism.Pathogens exploit biomolecular condensates to build replication factories or redirect host factors,while plants leverage LLPS to coordinate immune signaling,RNA silencing,and stress adaptation.Recent studies depict a“biomolecular condensate battleground”where the outcome of infection hinges on the dynamic balance between pathogen-induced and host-driven assemblies.In this review,we integrate recent advances in understanding LLPS mediated by viral,fungal,bacterial,and oomycete effectors,along with key host immune regulators.We also discuss the potential of biomolecular condensate engineering as a novel strategy for crop protection and outline the major conceptual and technical challenges that remain.By connecting molecular biophysics with plant pathology,we propose that targeting LLPS offers a timely and promising route for developing durable disease resistance and improving sustainable agricultural productivity.
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)remains the most aggressive and challenging central nervous system tumor due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment,prompting suboptimal effects to immune checkpoint blockade treatments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273989,2193005,81722047,and 81874317)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020814380161).
文摘The rs72613567:TA polymorphism in 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13(HSD17B13)has been found to reduce the progression from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).In this study,we sought to define the pathogenic role of HSD17B13 in triggering liver inflammation.Here,we demonstrate that HSD17B13 forms liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)around lipid droplets in the livers of MASH patients.The dimerization of HSD17B13 supports the LLPS formation and promotes its enzymatic function.HSD17B13 LLPS increases the biosynthesis of platelet activating factor(PAF),which in turn promotes fibrinogen synthesis and leukocyte adhesion.Blockade of the PAF receptor or STAT3 pathway inhibits the fibrinogen synthesis and leukocyte adhesion.Importantly,adeno-associated viral-mediated xeno-expression of human HSD17B13 exacerbates western diet/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver inflammation in Hsd17b13^(−/−)mice.In conclusion,our results suggest that HSD17B13 LLPS triggers liver inflammation by promoting PAF-mediated leukocyte adhesion,and targeting HSD17B13 phase transition could be a promising therapeutic approach for treating hepatic inflammation in chronic liver disease.
文摘This study focuses on experiments of Au and Cu dissolved in vapor phase in hydrothermal fluids. Experiments prove that Au and Cu can re-distribute in vapor phase and liquid phase during separation of Au- and Cu-bearing supercritical fluids to vapor and liquid phases. These experimental results can illustrate some ore geneses, where boiling phenomena of ore fluids were found. Au- and Cubearing NaHCO3-HCl solutions were heated up to more than 350℃ in the main vessel, and then passed through a phase separator in a temperature range from 250℃ to 300℃, separated into vapor and liquid phases. We collected and analyzed the liquid and vapor samples separately, and found that Au and Cu dissolved and distributed in vapor phase. In some cases, the concentrations of Au and Cu in vapor are higher than those in liquid phase. Those experiments are used to interpret field observations of fluid inclusion data of some Au and Cu deposits, and demonstrate that some Au and Cu ore deposits are derived from metals transportation in vapor phase.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50121101 and 50395105)the Scientific and Technological Creative Foundation of Youth in Northwestern Polytechnical University of China(Grant No.W016223)
文摘The metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification of Cu60Fe30Co10 ternary peritectic alloy were investigated by using the drop tube technique and the differential scanning calorimetry method.It was found that the critical temperature of metastable liquid phase separation in this alloy is 1623.5 K,and the two sepa-rated liquid phases solidify as Cu(Fe,Co)and Fe(Cu,Co)solid solutions,respec-tively.The undercooling and cooling rate of droplets processed in the drop tube increase with the decrease of their diameters.During the drop tube processing,the structural morphologies of undercooled droplets are strongly dependent on the cooling rate.With the increase of the cooling rate,Fe(Cu,Co)spheres are refined greatly and become uniformly dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix.The calculations of Marangoni migration velocity(VM)and Stokes motion velocity(VS)of Fe(Cu,Co)droplets indicated that Marangoni migration contributes more to the coarsening and congregation of the minor phase during free fall.At the same undercooling,the VM/VS ratio increases drastically as Fe(Cu,Co)droplet size decreases.On the other hand,a larger undercooling tends to increase the VM/VS value for Fe(Cu,Co)drop-lets with the same size.
基金Projects(51171152,50871088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20126102110048) supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China+2 种基金Project(SKLSP201202) supported by Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Solidification,ChinaProject(2012JC2-02) supported by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject (JC201268) supported by the NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research,China
文摘Metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification in a metastable miscibility gap were investigated on the Cu60Co30Cr10 alloy by using the electromagnetic levitation and splat-quenching.It is found that the alloy generally has a microstructure consisting of a（Co,Cr）-rich phase embedded in a Cu-rich matrix,and the morphology and size of the（Co,Cr）-rich phase vary drastically with cooling rate.During the electromagnetic levitation solidification processing the cooling rate is lower,resulting in an obvious coalescence tendency of the（Co,Cr）-rich spheroids.The（Co,Cr）-rich phase shows dendrites and coarse spheroids at lower cooling rates.In the splat quenched samples the（Co,Cr）-rich phase spheres were refined significantly and no dendrites were observed.This is probably due to the higher cooling rate,undercooling and interface tension.
基金Projects(51471084,61475117)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(13ZCZDGX01109)supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission of ChinaProject(20122BBE500031)supported by the Key Technology Project of Jiangxi Province in China
文摘To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid claddingwas investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardnessmeasurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content,the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fecontent, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-richparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of thecomposite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is muchtwice higher than that of the substrate.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1700300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330087)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of Guizhou Province in China(2017-5788-1)the Scientific Research Innovation Team of Guizhou University(202403).
文摘Viruses,as obligate intracellular parasites,need to enter living cells to replicate and spread[1].Biomolecular condensates(BMCs),formed via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS),play crucial roles in viral replication and assembly[1–3].These LLPS-driven BMCs create microenvironments conducive to viral processes through compartmentalization of viral and host components[3–5].
