Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model inc...Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model including factors that are associated with the sub-domain. However, using the summation score ignores the influence of individual questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) can account for the influence of each question’s score by compositing a latent variable from each question of a sub-domain. The objective of this study is to determine whether a conventional approach such as GLM, with its use of the summation score, is valid from the standpoint of the SEM approach. Method: We used the Japanese version of the Maugeri Foundation Respiratory Failure Questionnaire, a QOL measure, on 94 patients with heart failure. The daily activity sub-domain of the questionnaire was selected together with its four accompanying factors, namely, living together, occupation, gender, and the New York Heart Association’s cardiac function scale (NYHA). The association level between individual factors and the daily activity sub-domain was estimated using SEM?and GLM, respectively. The standard partial regression coefficients of GLM and standardized path coefficients of SEM were compared. If?these coefficients were similar (absolute value of the difference -0.06 and -0.07 for the GLM and SEM. Likewise, the estimates of occupation, gender, and NYHA were -0.18 and -0.20, -0.08 and -0.08, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. The absolute values of the difference for each factor were 0.01, 0.02, 0.00, and 0.03, respectively. All differences were less than 0.05. This means that these two approaches lead to similar conclusions. Conclusion: GLM is a valid method for exploring association factors with a domain in QOL.展开更多
The expansion of the Panama Canal will have a profound impact on the container shipping route network, port layout and ship structure, and promote the evolution of the global shipping pattern. However, most of the res...The expansion of the Panama Canal will have a profound impact on the container shipping route network, port layout and ship structure, and promote the evolution of the global shipping pattern. However, most of the research on the expansion of the Panama Canal currently stays before its real expansion, and the quantitative analysis is less and the result is not accurate, because previous research used data that expanded before. Based on the actual data after the expansion of the Panama Canal, this paper uses the dual-target route distribution model to analyze the expansion of the Panama Canal. The changes in the liner shipping plan that have a greater impact on the shipping industry will provide the relevant theoretical basis for the relevant entities. The results show that after the expansion of the Panama Canal, the largest 15,000 TEU container ship is currently deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. 6500 TEU ship type is also deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. The 8500 TEU, 10,500 TEU, and 12,500 TEU ship types are mainly deployed through the Suez Canal. On the route, such a distribution plan can maximize the benefits for the shipping company.展开更多
Based on the ablation micro-morphological characteristics, thermo-chemical ablation mechanism, and mechanical stripping mechanism, a dual-region solid rocket motor C/C throat liner ablation model and physical model ar...Based on the ablation micro-morphological characteristics, thermo-chemical ablation mechanism, and mechanical stripping mechanism, a dual-region solid rocket motor C/C throat liner ablation model and physical model are established. The ablation program was written and the experimental data of 70 lb BATES engine platform was used for model validation. The relative errors between the simulation calculation results and the experimental results were −6.83% - 10.20%. The ablation program was applied to study the effects of combustion chamber temperature, pressure, oxidation component concentration, throat particle concentration and particle scouring angle on the nozzle throat liner, which provides a reference for the design of the nozzle throat liner and the estimation of solid rocket motor ablation.展开更多
文摘Purpose: General linear modeling (GLM) is usually applied to investigate factors associated with the domains of Quality of Life (QOL). A summation score in a specific sub-domain is regressed by a statistical model including factors that are associated with the sub-domain. However, using the summation score ignores the influence of individual questions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) can account for the influence of each question’s score by compositing a latent variable from each question of a sub-domain. The objective of this study is to determine whether a conventional approach such as GLM, with its use of the summation score, is valid from the standpoint of the SEM approach. Method: We used the Japanese version of the Maugeri Foundation Respiratory Failure Questionnaire, a QOL measure, on 94 patients with heart failure. The daily activity sub-domain of the questionnaire was selected together with its four accompanying factors, namely, living together, occupation, gender, and the New York Heart Association’s cardiac function scale (NYHA). The association level between individual factors and the daily activity sub-domain was estimated using SEM?and GLM, respectively. The standard partial regression coefficients of GLM and standardized path coefficients of SEM were compared. If?these coefficients were similar (absolute value of the difference -0.06 and -0.07 for the GLM and SEM. Likewise, the estimates of occupation, gender, and NYHA were -0.18 and -0.20, -0.08 and -0.08, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. The absolute values of the difference for each factor were 0.01, 0.02, 0.00, and 0.03, respectively. All differences were less than 0.05. This means that these two approaches lead to similar conclusions. Conclusion: GLM is a valid method for exploring association factors with a domain in QOL.
文摘The expansion of the Panama Canal will have a profound impact on the container shipping route network, port layout and ship structure, and promote the evolution of the global shipping pattern. However, most of the research on the expansion of the Panama Canal currently stays before its real expansion, and the quantitative analysis is less and the result is not accurate, because previous research used data that expanded before. Based on the actual data after the expansion of the Panama Canal, this paper uses the dual-target route distribution model to analyze the expansion of the Panama Canal. The changes in the liner shipping plan that have a greater impact on the shipping industry will provide the relevant theoretical basis for the relevant entities. The results show that after the expansion of the Panama Canal, the largest 15,000 TEU container ship is currently deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. 6500 TEU ship type is also deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. The 8500 TEU, 10,500 TEU, and 12,500 TEU ship types are mainly deployed through the Suez Canal. On the route, such a distribution plan can maximize the benefits for the shipping company.
文摘Based on the ablation micro-morphological characteristics, thermo-chemical ablation mechanism, and mechanical stripping mechanism, a dual-region solid rocket motor C/C throat liner ablation model and physical model are established. The ablation program was written and the experimental data of 70 lb BATES engine platform was used for model validation. The relative errors between the simulation calculation results and the experimental results were −6.83% - 10.20%. The ablation program was applied to study the effects of combustion chamber temperature, pressure, oxidation component concentration, throat particle concentration and particle scouring angle on the nozzle throat liner, which provides a reference for the design of the nozzle throat liner and the estimation of solid rocket motor ablation.
