The floral morphology of Cymbidium ensifolium,a well-known orchid in China,has increasingly attracted horticultural and commercial attention.However,the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower development defects in...The floral morphology of Cymbidium ensifolium,a well-known orchid in China,has increasingly attracted horticultural and commercial attention.However,the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower development defects in C.ensifolium mutants are poorly understood.In this work,we examined a domesticated variety of C.ensifolium named‘CuiYuMuDan',or leaf-like flower mutant,which lacks typical characteristics of orchid floral organs but continues to produce sepal-to leaf-like structures along the inflorescence.We used comparative transcriptome analysis to identify 6234 genes that are differentially expressed between mutant and wild-type flowers.The majority of these differentially expre ssed genes are involved in membrane-building,anabolism regulation,and plant hormone signal transduction,implying that in the leaf-like mutant these processes play roles in the development of flower defects.In addition,we identified 152 differentially expre ssed transcription factors,including the bHLH,MYB,MIKC,and WRKY gene families.Moreover,we found 20 differentially expressed genes that are commonly involved in flower development,including MADS-box genes,CLAVATA3(CLV3),WUSCHEL(WUS),and PERIANTHIA(PAN).Among them,floral homeotic genes were further investigated by phylogenetic analysis and expression validation,which displayed distinctive spatial expression patterns and significant changes between the wild type and the mutant.This is the first report on the C.ensifolium leaf-like flower mutant transcriptome.Our results shed light on the molecular regulation of orchid flower development,and may improve our understanding of floral patterning regulation and advance molecular breeding of Chinese orchids.展开更多
A new kind of ultra wideband antenna,which consists of a leaf-like dipole and a dielectric block,is proposed and analyzed.The dielectric block is attached in parallel with the dipole near its feed point.Thus,the near ...A new kind of ultra wideband antenna,which consists of a leaf-like dipole and a dielectric block,is proposed and analyzed.The dielectric block is attached in parallel with the dipole near its feed point.Thus,the near field is attracted to the side where the dielectric block is located.It leads to a focusing effect of the energy in the far zone.The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method combined with the perfectly matched layers(PML)technique is used in the simulation of the antenna radiation characteristics.The research shows that,with proper dielectric loading and 50 Ω feeding line,the bandwidth of the antenna can be up to 6.5 GHz,from 3.5 GHz to 10 GHz with VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)less than 2.5.展开更多
Based on constructal theory,the constructs of the leaf-like fins are optimized by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate(for the fixed total thermal current,i.e.,the equivalent thermal resistance)as optimization obj...Based on constructal theory,the constructs of the leaf-like fins are optimized by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate(for the fixed total thermal current,i.e.,the equivalent thermal resistance)as optimization objective.The optimal constructs of the leaf-like fins with minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are obtained.The results show that there exists an optimal elemental leaf-like fin number,which leads to an optimal global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin.The Biot number has little effects on the optimal elemental fin number,optimal ratios of length and width of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins;with the increase of the thermal conductivity ratio of the vein and blade,the optimal elemental fin number and optimal ratio of the length and width of the elemental leaf-like fin increase,and the optimal shape of the first order leaf-like fin becomes tubbier.The optimal construct based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is obviously different from that based on maximum temperature difference minimization.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is reduced by 11.54%compared to that based on maximum temperature difference minimization,and the global heat conduction performance of the leaf-like fin is effectively improved.For the same volumes of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance of the first order of the leaf-like fin is reduced by 30.10%compared to that of the elemental leaf-like fin,and the global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin is obviously better than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.Essentially,this is because the temperature gradient field of the first order leaf-like fin based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is more homogenous than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance defined based on entransy dissipation rate reflects the average heat transfer performance of the leaf-like fin,and can provide some guidelines for the thermal design of the fins from the viewpoint of heat transfer optimization.展开更多
Bio-mimicking graphene films,deposited on textured nickel substrates,were synthesized by the following method:replicating the surface textures of the lotus leaf by polymer duplication,fabricating textured nickel subst...Bio-mimicking graphene films,deposited on textured nickel substrates,were synthesized by the following method:replicating the surface textures of the lotus leaf by polymer duplication,fabricating textured nickel substrates by electroplating on the polymer coated with a Au film,preparing bio-mimicking graphene oxide films on the nickel substrates by vacuum filtration,and electrochemical reduction.By controlling the vacuum filtration,this replica method can not only replicate the lotus leaf structure by a graphene film,but also can achieve a novel cell-like graphene film.展开更多
The structures of the solar-thermal membranes always influence the performance of light absorption and salt resistance in desalination.Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the coniferous leaves with excellent sun...The structures of the solar-thermal membranes always influence the performance of light absorption and salt resistance in desalination.Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the coniferous leaves with excellent sunlight absorption in frigid regions,a coniferous leaf-like nickel black(L-Ni)membrane for desalination by solar-thermal energy conversion was prepared through electroplating method under a constant voltage.The light trapping effect of coniferous leaf-like structure led to the light absorption enhanced to 92%,the evaporation rate improved to 1.38 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),and the solar-vapor conversion efficiency of L-Ni membrane reaching up to 89.75%under 1 sun irradiation.The stability of the membrane was still excellent after 20 cycles desalination because the coniferous leaf-like structure could enhance the hydrophobicity(water contact angle:152°)of the L-Ni membrane,and it was beneficial to salt resistance.The promising performance of L-Ni membrane with coniferous leaf-like structure provides a possibility to replace the noble metal solar-thermal conversion materials.展开更多
基金grants from National Key R&D Program(2018YFD1000404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672184)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030312004)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201707010307,201904020026)Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Guangdong Province(2019KJ121)the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Discipline Team Construction Project(201612TD,2017A070702008,201721).
文摘The floral morphology of Cymbidium ensifolium,a well-known orchid in China,has increasingly attracted horticultural and commercial attention.However,the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower development defects in C.ensifolium mutants are poorly understood.In this work,we examined a domesticated variety of C.ensifolium named‘CuiYuMuDan',or leaf-like flower mutant,which lacks typical characteristics of orchid floral organs but continues to produce sepal-to leaf-like structures along the inflorescence.We used comparative transcriptome analysis to identify 6234 genes that are differentially expressed between mutant and wild-type flowers.The majority of these differentially expre ssed genes are involved in membrane-building,anabolism regulation,and plant hormone signal transduction,implying that in the leaf-like mutant these processes play roles in the development of flower defects.In addition,we identified 152 differentially expre ssed transcription factors,including the bHLH,MYB,MIKC,and WRKY gene families.Moreover,we found 20 differentially expressed genes that are commonly involved in flower development,including MADS-box genes,CLAVATA3(CLV3),WUSCHEL(WUS),and PERIANTHIA(PAN).Among them,floral homeotic genes were further investigated by phylogenetic analysis and expression validation,which displayed distinctive spatial expression patterns and significant changes between the wild type and the mutant.This is the first report on the C.ensifolium leaf-like flower mutant transcriptome.Our results shed light on the molecular regulation of orchid flower development,and may improve our understanding of floral patterning regulation and advance molecular breeding of Chinese orchids.
基金Sponsored by National Nature Science Foundation of China(60471053)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of MOE,China
文摘A new kind of ultra wideband antenna,which consists of a leaf-like dipole and a dielectric block,is proposed and analyzed.The dielectric block is attached in parallel with the dipole near its feed point.Thus,the near field is attracted to the side where the dielectric block is located.It leads to a focusing effect of the energy in the far zone.The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method combined with the perfectly matched layers(PML)technique is used in the simulation of the antenna radiation characteristics.The research shows that,with proper dielectric loading and 50 Ω feeding line,the bandwidth of the antenna can be up to 6.5 GHz,from 3.5 GHz to 10 GHz with VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)less than 2.5.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51176203)the Natural Science Foundation of Naval University of Engineering(Grant No.HGDYDJJ10011)the Natural Science Foundation for Youngsters of Naval University of Engineering(Grant No.HGDQNJJ10017)
文摘Based on constructal theory,the constructs of the leaf-like fins are optimized by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate(for the fixed total thermal current,i.e.,the equivalent thermal resistance)as optimization objective.The optimal constructs of the leaf-like fins with minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are obtained.The results show that there exists an optimal elemental leaf-like fin number,which leads to an optimal global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin.The Biot number has little effects on the optimal elemental fin number,optimal ratios of length and width of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins;with the increase of the thermal conductivity ratio of the vein and blade,the optimal elemental fin number and optimal ratio of the length and width of the elemental leaf-like fin increase,and the optimal shape of the first order leaf-like fin becomes tubbier.The optimal construct based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is obviously different from that based on maximum temperature difference minimization.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is reduced by 11.54%compared to that based on maximum temperature difference minimization,and the global heat conduction performance of the leaf-like fin is effectively improved.For the same volumes of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance of the first order of the leaf-like fin is reduced by 30.10%compared to that of the elemental leaf-like fin,and the global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin is obviously better than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.Essentially,this is because the temperature gradient field of the first order leaf-like fin based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is more homogenous than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance defined based on entransy dissipation rate reflects the average heat transfer performance of the leaf-like fin,and can provide some guidelines for the thermal design of the fins from the viewpoint of heat transfer optimization.
基金supported by the"Hundred Talants Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51005225and51002161)
文摘Bio-mimicking graphene films,deposited on textured nickel substrates,were synthesized by the following method:replicating the surface textures of the lotus leaf by polymer duplication,fabricating textured nickel substrates by electroplating on the polymer coated with a Au film,preparing bio-mimicking graphene oxide films on the nickel substrates by vacuum filtration,and electrochemical reduction.By controlling the vacuum filtration,this replica method can not only replicate the lotus leaf structure by a graphene film,but also can achieve a novel cell-like graphene film.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3903200 and 2022YFB3903203)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20210101392JC).
文摘The structures of the solar-thermal membranes always influence the performance of light absorption and salt resistance in desalination.Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the coniferous leaves with excellent sunlight absorption in frigid regions,a coniferous leaf-like nickel black(L-Ni)membrane for desalination by solar-thermal energy conversion was prepared through electroplating method under a constant voltage.The light trapping effect of coniferous leaf-like structure led to the light absorption enhanced to 92%,the evaporation rate improved to 1.38 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),and the solar-vapor conversion efficiency of L-Ni membrane reaching up to 89.75%under 1 sun irradiation.The stability of the membrane was still excellent after 20 cycles desalination because the coniferous leaf-like structure could enhance the hydrophobicity(water contact angle:152°)of the L-Ni membrane,and it was beneficial to salt resistance.The promising performance of L-Ni membrane with coniferous leaf-like structure provides a possibility to replace the noble metal solar-thermal conversion materials.
