[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and laye...[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and layering peeling and milling technology was adopted to explore nutrients distribution in color wheat and effect of hardness on milling of wheat layers. [Result] The results indicated that total content of amino acid in color wheat was higher than that of common wheat by 13.91%-23.32%; Zhongpu Black 1 and Zhongpu Green 1 exceeded common wheat in Zn, Fe and Ca, but Zhongpu Purple 1 was generally lower; Zhongpu Green 1 was significantly higher in Fe and Ca by 371.80% and 102.86%, respectively. Mean- while, it was found that nutrients distribution of color wheat was similar to that of common ,one, namely, pericarp, testa, aleurone layer and embryo were abundant with nutrients. In addition, color wheat was concluded nutritious one and milling in- dustrialization of wheat layers could be achieved through layer-milling and separation technology. Furthermore, wheat hardness was proved the key element influencing milling of wheat layers. [Conclusion] The research set an example for nutrition development and utilization of color wheat.展开更多
Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and the nutrient relea...Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and the nutrient release profiles of the coated fertilizers were determined. The results show that methyl silicone oil and methylsilanolate sodium could not improve water resistance performance and glass transition temperature Tgof coatings, while the firmness is enhanced. Aziridine crosslinker improves the water resistance performance, firmness and Tg. Incorporation of methyl silicone oil and aziridine crosslinker gives an excellent aqueous acrylic emulsion for coated controlled release fertilizer, with the 30-day cumulative nutrient release reduced to 16% and an estimated nutrient release duration over 190 days. Therefore, this waterborne coating is promising to meet the requirements for controlled release of nutrient and environmental protection.展开更多
The prevention of hot cracking formation is of utmost importance in the production of the new Ni-Co based superalloys through the utilization of the electron beam smelting layered solidification technique(EBSL),as it ...The prevention of hot cracking formation is of utmost importance in the production of the new Ni-Co based superalloys through the utilization of the electron beam smelting layered solidification technique(EBSL),as it ensures exceptional homogeneity and dependable consistency of the specimens.In contrast to previous studies that focused on minimizing the liquid film and solidification range,our methodology adopts a distinct approach.In this research,a novel methodology was employed to mitigate internal stresses through the implementation of equiaxed grain layers via an alternately reduced cooling method.This ultimately resulted in the elimination of hot cracking.To be more specific,the transition from a columnar to an equiaxed structure was observed during the layer-by-layer construction process in the fabrication of the new Ni-Co based superalloy in EBSL.The EBSL-Ni-Co superalloy,when subjected to the alternating reduction cooling method,exhibited an internal stress of 49 MPa.This value represents a significant reduction of 83.8%compared to the internal stress observed when employing the linear reduction cooling method.Additionally,the solvus temperature of theγ-γ’eutectic phases in EBSL-Ni-Co superalloys produced by the alternating reduction cooling method is significantly higher.Intriguingly,the Nth layer of the EBSL-Ni-Co based superalloys produced by EBSL simultaneously heats treated with the preceding layers.And the low melting point phase gradually dissolved back into the matrix.The implementation of an alternating reduced cooling method successfully mitigated the formation of the liquid film in theγ-γ’eutectic phase and the buildup of internal stresses in the EBSL-Ni-Co superalloy during its manufacturing process.These discoveries open up a novel preparation procedure pathway for the manufacture of crack-free superalloys with superior mechanical characteristics using EBSL.展开更多
Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framewo...Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity.In this review,we present the recent progress on manganese phosphates,by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors.The structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and mineral sources to prepare these manganese phosphates are investigated,together with the modification,as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance.Attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials,where strong synergistic effects exist.In the summary,interlayer engineering for the manganese phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.展开更多
In this paper,we report the study of the process of fabricating a multi-layermetal micro-structure using UV-LIGA overlay technology,includingmask fabrication,substrate treatment,and UV-LIGA overlay processes.To solve ...In this paper,we report the study of the process of fabricating a multi-layermetal micro-structure using UV-LIGA overlay technology,includingmask fabrication,substrate treatment,and UV-LIGA overlay processes.To solve the process problems in the masking procedure,the swelling problemof the first layer of SU-8 thick photoresist was studied experimentally.The 5μmline-width compensation and closed 20μmand 30μmisolation strips were designed and fabricated around the micro-structure pattern.The pore problemin the Ni micro-electroforming layer was analyzed and the electroforming parameters were improved.The pH value of the electroforming solution should be controlled between 3.8 and 4.4 and the current density should be below 3 A/dm^2.To solve the problems of high inner stress and incomplete development of the micro-cylinder hole array with a diameter of 30μm,the lithography process was optimized.The pre-baking temperature was increased via gradient heating and rose every 5℃ from 65℃ to 85℃ and then remained at 85℃ for 50 min–1 h.In addition,the full contact exposure was used.Finally,a multi-layer metal micro-structure with high precision and good quality of microelectroforming layer was fabricated using UV-LIGA overlay technology.展开更多
Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are ...Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.展开更多
The Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs of Lasaxing oilfield in the Daqing Oil Fields complex have geological oil reserves of 1.86 billion tonnes,an oil recovery of 39%,with remaining reserves accounting for more than 45%of the t...The Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs of Lasaxing oilfield in the Daqing Oil Fields complex have geological oil reserves of 1.86 billion tonnes,an oil recovery of 39%,with remaining reserves accounting for more than 45%of the total geological reserves of the oilfield.Therefore,they have considerable potential for future oil production.The current layered injection technologies fail to achieve effective control over the low single-layer injection rates since they can only produce low throttle differential pressure under low injection rates(5-20 m^(3)/d).In this study,a symmetrically-structured double-offset-hole injection allocator and a novel throttling component were developed.Their spatial layout was constructed and mechanical parameters were optimized using finite element analysis,which allows for expanding the flow rate range at low injection rates.According to experimental results,the throttle differential pressure increased from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa at an injection rate of 5 m^(3)/d,and the range of the single-layer flow rates expanded from 20-70 m^(3)/d to 5-70 m3/d.The field test results show that the effective production of oil layers with medium and low permeability was achieved and that the ratio of producing oil layer thickness to the total reservoir thickness increased by 9.7%on average.Therefore,this study provides valuable technical support for the effective chemical-flooding-based development of Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs.展开更多
The construction method of continuous paving of the upper and lower base of the water stable macadam base can improve the construction efficiency,overcome the quality problems of the traditional layered paving of the ...The construction method of continuous paving of the upper and lower base of the water stable macadam base can improve the construction efficiency,overcome the quality problems of the traditional layered paving of the upper and lower base,such as untimely curing,slow construction,poor interlayer bonding,contraction joint and interlayer,so as to ensure the construction quality of the water stable macadam.It is also the promotion and application of new technology.展开更多
Gas disaster is one of the five major disasters in coal mine. Gas drainage can not only ensure the safe production of working face, but also turn gas into waste and improve the economic benefits of mine. Over the year...Gas disaster is one of the five major disasters in coal mine. Gas drainage can not only ensure the safe production of working face, but also turn gas into waste and improve the economic benefits of mine. Over the years, China has made in-depth research and application of coal seam gas extraction technology, and achieved fruitful results. However, due to the complex geological conditions of coal mines, the occurrence of coal seams and gas disasters in different mines are quite different, so a scientific, feasible, economical and reasonable drainage scheme should be designed according to specific conditions. This paper studies the application of gas drainage technology in fully mechanized coal face under the influence of coal mine adjacent layers, which has good guiding significance.展开更多
With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, the number of road construction is gradually increasing, which greatly facilitates people's travel and promotes the economic development of the city. T...With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, the number of road construction is gradually increasing, which greatly facilitates people's travel and promotes the economic development of the city. The quality maintenance of expressway pavement is of great significance to the safety of public traffic. To ensure the service life and quality of expressway, it is extremely important to do a good job of highway maintenance and quality control. Due to the poor maintenance effect of traditional technology and the large exposed base area of highway pavement, this paper analyzes the warm mixing ultra-thin wear layer technology used in the maintenance of expressway, hoping to provide reference for the upgrading of technology in the future.展开更多
Methods: 80 patients with anterior teeth defect (80 teeth) were selected from June 2018 to June 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 40 patients in each group (40 teeth). The control group was tre...Methods: 80 patients with anterior teeth defect (80 teeth) were selected from June 2018 to June 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 40 patients in each group (40 teeth). The control group was treated with conventional composite resin, while the observation group was treated with aesthetic composite resin layered plasticization. The success rate, satisfaction score, periodontal health status, pink aesthetic index (PES) score and complications occurred. Results: the success rate of repair in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (95%vs75%) (χ26.275, P 0.012 < 0.05). the satisfaction scores at the completion of repair and 3 months after repair were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after restoration, the number of periodontal health related indicators in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PES scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The PES scores of the two groups were significantly higher at 12 and 24 months after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05). The PES scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 12 and 24 months after treatment (P < 0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, the observation group had complications such as prosthesis cutting, prosthesis discoloration, exogenous coloring, tooth sensitivity, while the control group had complications such as filling loss, pulpitis, dental caries, prosthesis discoloration, exogenous coloring, etc. The incidence of complications in the observation group (20%vs25%) was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: the aesthetic composite resin layered plasticizing technique has the advantages of high success rate, high satisfaction and good periodontal health. It is superior to the conventional composite resin restoration technique and is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer has been formed on the low carbon steel by means of the double glow-discharge plasma surface alloying technique and hollow-cathode effect. The alloying layer was detected by axio...TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer has been formed on the low carbon steel by means of the double glow-discharge plasma surface alloying technique and hollow-cathode effect. The alloying layer was detected by axiovert 25 CA optical microscope with computer analyzing software （LEC）, GDA-2 glow discharge spectroscopy （GDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and galvanochemical method. The results showed that the thickness of TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer was about 10μm, the content of Ti on the surface was up to 63.48 wt% and the content of N was up to 12.46 wt%. The atom Ti and N concentrations changed gradually across the depth of the alloying layer and the preferred orientation of TiN/Ti alloying layer was crystal surface （200）. The multi-permeating alloying layer and substrate were combined through metallurgy. The surface appearances of the multi-permeating alloying layer were uniform and of a compact cellular structure. The hardness of the surface was about 1600-3000 HV0.1. The corrosion resistance of the permeating TiN/Ti alloying layer in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was greatly increased and the corrosion rate was only 0.3082 g/m^2. h.展开更多
Low temperature screen plasma technology, a high plasma density, through using a low energy supply, shows excellent effects on a low alloy chromium-molybdenum steel for plastic molds because it does not show a compoun...Low temperature screen plasma technology, a high plasma density, through using a low energy supply, shows excellent effects on a low alloy chromium-molybdenum steel for plastic molds because it does not show a compound layer and a high surface hardness without a deterioration in matrix hardness. For interest about hardening depth, both the screen plasma nitriding and plasma nitro-carburizing processes were tested including nitrogen, hydrogen and a methane mixed gas environmental at 653 K, 713 K. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been analyzed during screen plasma nitriding (SPN) and a nitro-carburizing process (SPNC) was proceeded at 713 K and the same pressure. I find it difficult to dissociate nitrogen molecules perfectly with neutral nitrogen atoms via the DC-plasma nitriding process. Therefore, the SPN and SPNC process have shown a high density of plasma species even though low temperature plasma conditions have a high peak intensity of Hβ and Hγ in the results of the analysis by OES. The hardness value was measured with the micro-Vickers hardness tester after the SPN, SPNC process and the chemical composition of nitriding layers were traced by GDOES. The screen nitriding layer via the screen plasma technology has shown excellent properties with a thickness depth of about 850 ~ 900 HV without the deterioration of matrix hardness value.展开更多
Despite the rapid development in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies,key technologies for the Physical Layer (PHY) still need to be further improved so as to achieve highly efficient a...Despite the rapid development in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies,key technologies for the Physical Layer (PHY) still need to be further improved so as to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication performance,as well as to support a mobile environment with a higher transmisison rate. As an amendment to IEEE 802.16d (for fixed broadband wireless access systems),IEEE 802.16e (for mobile broadband wireless access systems) introduces the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies into the PHY,doubling the transmission rate while supporting a certain degree of mobility. In the future,more advanced Air Interface (AI) technology is to be applied in the IEEE 802.16m standard.展开更多
As a smart spectrum sharing technology, Cognitive Radio (CR) is becoming a hot topic in the field of wireless telecommunications. Besides providing traditional services, the cognitive radio network Media Access Contro...As a smart spectrum sharing technology, Cognitive Radio (CR) is becoming a hot topic in the field of wireless telecommunications. Besides providing traditional services, the cognitive radio network Media Access Control (MAC) layer is required to perform an entirely new set of functions for effective reusing spectrum opportunity, without causing any harmful interference to incumbents. Spectrum sensing management selects and optimizes sensing strategies and parameters by the selection of sensing mode, sensing period, sensing time, sensing channel, and sensing quiet period. Access control avoids collision with primary users mainly by cooperation access and transparent access. Dynamic spectrum allocation optimizes the allocation of uncertain spectrum for binary interference model and accumulative interference model. Security mechanism adds authentication and encryption mechanisms to MAC frame to defense MAC layer security attacks. Cross-layer design combines MAC layer information with physical layer or higher layers information, such as network layer, transmission layer, to achieve global optimization.展开更多
Packaging is one of the most important methods of keeping the quality of food products for storage, transportation and end-use. The price of materials employed for packaging food has traditionally been high and used t...Packaging is one of the most important methods of keeping the quality of food products for storage, transportation and end-use. The price of materials employed for packaging food has traditionally been high and used to be more expensive than the food itself. Technological innovations made possible to produce packaging materials cheaply. One of these processes is known as co-extrusion. This technique makes a film with two or more layers with different plastics not laminating the layers together with an adhesive, eliminating the use of solvents and producing a film in just one step instead multiple steps. In this background, our paper relates to the evolution on packaging for foods by using patenting documents. A search for patent documents was performed on free patent databases using keywords and International Patent Classification （IPC） codes related to this technology. As results： （a） 17% of the 21,472 documents found are focused on multilayer packaging for food; （b） 12 countries hold more than 90% of patents （38% Japan; 23% The United States of America; 7% Canada and 6% Germany）; and, （c） two peaks were perceived in the period of 1992-1994 and 2003, and matches, respectively, the Persian Gulf （1990-1991） and Iraq Wars （2003-invasion of Iraq）, so the historical tendency is confirmed： ＂wars also generate scientific and technological innovations＂.展开更多
With the continuous development of China's social economy, the demand for natural resources is also increasing day by day. As an important guarantee energy for China's economic development, China's petroch...With the continuous development of China's social economy, the demand for natural resources is also increasing day by day. As an important guarantee energy for China's economic development, China's petrochemical industry is also developing with the progress of society. Today, China's petrochemical industry has gradually stepped into the forefront of the world. As a non renewable resource, oil is an important resource formed by the geological process of the earth for thousands of years. Nowadays, the increasing demand for oil resources in the international community has led to the depletion of oil resources, and the oil exploitation project has gradually become difficult and complex. Therefore, in today's social environment of shortage of oil resources, it is necessary to strengthen the optimization and innovation of oil production technology and comprehensively improve the oilfield production efficiency, so as to ensure the stable development of China's social economy and meet the production needs of various social industries. This paper will comb and analyze the oil production technology of burning oil reservoir.展开更多
In this study,an artificial intelligence-based machine vision system was developed for in-line particle size analysis during the pellet layering process.Drug-layered pellets were produced by coating microcrystalline c...In this study,an artificial intelligence-based machine vision system was developed for in-line particle size analysis during the pellet layering process.Drug-layered pellets were produced by coating microcrystalline cellulose cores with an ibuprofen-containing layering liquid until the target drug content was achieved.Drug content increases with pellet size;therefore,particle size monitoring can ensure product safety and quality.The direct imaging system,consisting of a rigid endoscope,a light source,and a high-speed camera,provides real-time information about pellet size and layer uniformity,enabling timely intervention in the case of out-of-spec products.A convolutional neural network-based instance segmentation algorithm was employed to detect particles in focus,ensuring that pellet size could be accurately determined despite the dense flow of the particles.After training the model,the performance of the developed system was assessed by analysing the particle size distribution of pellet cores with variable sizes within the 250 e850 mm size range.The endoscopic system was tested in-line at a larger scale during the drug layering of inert pellet cores.The particle size data acquired in real time with the endoscopic imaging system corresponded with the reference methods,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed machine vision-based method as a process analytical technology tool for in-line process monitoring.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundtion of China in2011(31171789)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and layering peeling and milling technology was adopted to explore nutrients distribution in color wheat and effect of hardness on milling of wheat layers. [Result] The results indicated that total content of amino acid in color wheat was higher than that of common wheat by 13.91%-23.32%; Zhongpu Black 1 and Zhongpu Green 1 exceeded common wheat in Zn, Fe and Ca, but Zhongpu Purple 1 was generally lower; Zhongpu Green 1 was significantly higher in Fe and Ca by 371.80% and 102.86%, respectively. Mean- while, it was found that nutrients distribution of color wheat was similar to that of common ,one, namely, pericarp, testa, aleurone layer and embryo were abundant with nutrients. In addition, color wheat was concluded nutritious one and milling in- dustrialization of wheat layers could be achieved through layer-milling and separation technology. Furthermore, wheat hardness was proved the key element influencing milling of wheat layers. [Conclusion] The research set an example for nutrition development and utilization of color wheat.
基金Supported by the National 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Supporting Program(2011BAD11B01)the Research & Development Projects Cooperation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(YDJDBNJ-2012-023)
文摘Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and the nutrient release profiles of the coated fertilizers were determined. The results show that methyl silicone oil and methylsilanolate sodium could not improve water resistance performance and glass transition temperature Tgof coatings, while the firmness is enhanced. Aziridine crosslinker improves the water resistance performance, firmness and Tg. Incorporation of methyl silicone oil and aziridine crosslinker gives an excellent aqueous acrylic emulsion for coated controlled release fertilizer, with the 30-day cumulative nutrient release reduced to 16% and an estimated nutrient release duration over 190 days. Therefore, this waterborne coating is promising to meet the requirements for controlled release of nutrient and environmental protection.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(GrantNo.52004051)the Innovation Team Projectfor Key Fields of Dalian(Grant No.2019RT13).
文摘The prevention of hot cracking formation is of utmost importance in the production of the new Ni-Co based superalloys through the utilization of the electron beam smelting layered solidification technique(EBSL),as it ensures exceptional homogeneity and dependable consistency of the specimens.In contrast to previous studies that focused on minimizing the liquid film and solidification range,our methodology adopts a distinct approach.In this research,a novel methodology was employed to mitigate internal stresses through the implementation of equiaxed grain layers via an alternately reduced cooling method.This ultimately resulted in the elimination of hot cracking.To be more specific,the transition from a columnar to an equiaxed structure was observed during the layer-by-layer construction process in the fabrication of the new Ni-Co based superalloy in EBSL.The EBSL-Ni-Co superalloy,when subjected to the alternating reduction cooling method,exhibited an internal stress of 49 MPa.This value represents a significant reduction of 83.8%compared to the internal stress observed when employing the linear reduction cooling method.Additionally,the solvus temperature of theγ-γ’eutectic phases in EBSL-Ni-Co superalloys produced by the alternating reduction cooling method is significantly higher.Intriguingly,the Nth layer of the EBSL-Ni-Co based superalloys produced by EBSL simultaneously heats treated with the preceding layers.And the low melting point phase gradually dissolved back into the matrix.The implementation of an alternating reduced cooling method successfully mitigated the formation of the liquid film in theγ-γ’eutectic phase and the buildup of internal stresses in the EBSL-Ni-Co superalloy during its manufacturing process.These discoveries open up a novel preparation procedure pathway for the manufacture of crack-free superalloys with superior mechanical characteristics using EBSL.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Project(No.2020YJ0163)the Research Foundation for Teacher Development of Chengdu University of Technology(No.10912-2019KYQD-06847)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for University Students(No.30800-2019DCXM065)。
文摘Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity.In this review,we present the recent progress on manganese phosphates,by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors.The structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and mineral sources to prepare these manganese phosphates are investigated,together with the modification,as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance.Attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials,where strong synergistic effects exist.In the summary,interlayer engineering for the manganese phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.
文摘In this paper,we report the study of the process of fabricating a multi-layermetal micro-structure using UV-LIGA overlay technology,includingmask fabrication,substrate treatment,and UV-LIGA overlay processes.To solve the process problems in the masking procedure,the swelling problemof the first layer of SU-8 thick photoresist was studied experimentally.The 5μmline-width compensation and closed 20μmand 30μmisolation strips were designed and fabricated around the micro-structure pattern.The pore problemin the Ni micro-electroforming layer was analyzed and the electroforming parameters were improved.The pH value of the electroforming solution should be controlled between 3.8 and 4.4 and the current density should be below 3 A/dm^2.To solve the problems of high inner stress and incomplete development of the micro-cylinder hole array with a diameter of 30μm,the lithography process was optimized.The pre-baking temperature was increased via gradient heating and rose every 5℃ from 65℃ to 85℃ and then remained at 85℃ for 50 min–1 h.In addition,the full contact exposure was used.Finally,a multi-layer metal micro-structure with high precision and good quality of microelectroforming layer was fabricated using UV-LIGA overlay technology.
文摘Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.
基金sponsored by the key consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering entitled Research on the Sustainable Development Strategy of China's High Water-cut Old Oilfields(No.2019-XZ-15)the National major project entitled Large Oil and Gas Field and Coalbed Methane Development(No.:2016ZX05010006).
文摘The Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs of Lasaxing oilfield in the Daqing Oil Fields complex have geological oil reserves of 1.86 billion tonnes,an oil recovery of 39%,with remaining reserves accounting for more than 45%of the total geological reserves of the oilfield.Therefore,they have considerable potential for future oil production.The current layered injection technologies fail to achieve effective control over the low single-layer injection rates since they can only produce low throttle differential pressure under low injection rates(5-20 m^(3)/d).In this study,a symmetrically-structured double-offset-hole injection allocator and a novel throttling component were developed.Their spatial layout was constructed and mechanical parameters were optimized using finite element analysis,which allows for expanding the flow rate range at low injection rates.According to experimental results,the throttle differential pressure increased from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa at an injection rate of 5 m^(3)/d,and the range of the single-layer flow rates expanded from 20-70 m^(3)/d to 5-70 m3/d.The field test results show that the effective production of oil layers with medium and low permeability was achieved and that the ratio of producing oil layer thickness to the total reservoir thickness increased by 9.7%on average.Therefore,this study provides valuable technical support for the effective chemical-flooding-based development of Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs.
文摘The construction method of continuous paving of the upper and lower base of the water stable macadam base can improve the construction efficiency,overcome the quality problems of the traditional layered paving of the upper and lower base,such as untimely curing,slow construction,poor interlayer bonding,contraction joint and interlayer,so as to ensure the construction quality of the water stable macadam.It is also the promotion and application of new technology.
文摘Gas disaster is one of the five major disasters in coal mine. Gas drainage can not only ensure the safe production of working face, but also turn gas into waste and improve the economic benefits of mine. Over the years, China has made in-depth research and application of coal seam gas extraction technology, and achieved fruitful results. However, due to the complex geological conditions of coal mines, the occurrence of coal seams and gas disasters in different mines are quite different, so a scientific, feasible, economical and reasonable drainage scheme should be designed according to specific conditions. This paper studies the application of gas drainage technology in fully mechanized coal face under the influence of coal mine adjacent layers, which has good guiding significance.
文摘With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, the number of road construction is gradually increasing, which greatly facilitates people's travel and promotes the economic development of the city. The quality maintenance of expressway pavement is of great significance to the safety of public traffic. To ensure the service life and quality of expressway, it is extremely important to do a good job of highway maintenance and quality control. Due to the poor maintenance effect of traditional technology and the large exposed base area of highway pavement, this paper analyzes the warm mixing ultra-thin wear layer technology used in the maintenance of expressway, hoping to provide reference for the upgrading of technology in the future.
文摘Methods: 80 patients with anterior teeth defect (80 teeth) were selected from June 2018 to June 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 40 patients in each group (40 teeth). The control group was treated with conventional composite resin, while the observation group was treated with aesthetic composite resin layered plasticization. The success rate, satisfaction score, periodontal health status, pink aesthetic index (PES) score and complications occurred. Results: the success rate of repair in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (95%vs75%) (χ26.275, P 0.012 < 0.05). the satisfaction scores at the completion of repair and 3 months after repair were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after restoration, the number of periodontal health related indicators in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PES scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The PES scores of the two groups were significantly higher at 12 and 24 months after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05). The PES scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 12 and 24 months after treatment (P < 0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, the observation group had complications such as prosthesis cutting, prosthesis discoloration, exogenous coloring, tooth sensitivity, while the control group had complications such as filling loss, pulpitis, dental caries, prosthesis discoloration, exogenous coloring, etc. The incidence of complications in the observation group (20%vs25%) was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: the aesthetic composite resin layered plasticizing technique has the advantages of high success rate, high satisfaction and good periodontal health. It is superior to the conventional composite resin restoration technique and is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50374054)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 20031050)
文摘TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer has been formed on the low carbon steel by means of the double glow-discharge plasma surface alloying technique and hollow-cathode effect. The alloying layer was detected by axiovert 25 CA optical microscope with computer analyzing software （LEC）, GDA-2 glow discharge spectroscopy （GDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and galvanochemical method. The results showed that the thickness of TiN/Ti multi-permeating alloying layer was about 10μm, the content of Ti on the surface was up to 63.48 wt% and the content of N was up to 12.46 wt%. The atom Ti and N concentrations changed gradually across the depth of the alloying layer and the preferred orientation of TiN/Ti alloying layer was crystal surface （200）. The multi-permeating alloying layer and substrate were combined through metallurgy. The surface appearances of the multi-permeating alloying layer were uniform and of a compact cellular structure. The hardness of the surface was about 1600-3000 HV0.1. The corrosion resistance of the permeating TiN/Ti alloying layer in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was greatly increased and the corrosion rate was only 0.3082 g/m^2. h.
文摘Low temperature screen plasma technology, a high plasma density, through using a low energy supply, shows excellent effects on a low alloy chromium-molybdenum steel for plastic molds because it does not show a compound layer and a high surface hardness without a deterioration in matrix hardness. For interest about hardening depth, both the screen plasma nitriding and plasma nitro-carburizing processes were tested including nitrogen, hydrogen and a methane mixed gas environmental at 653 K, 713 K. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been analyzed during screen plasma nitriding (SPN) and a nitro-carburizing process (SPNC) was proceeded at 713 K and the same pressure. I find it difficult to dissociate nitrogen molecules perfectly with neutral nitrogen atoms via the DC-plasma nitriding process. Therefore, the SPN and SPNC process have shown a high density of plasma species even though low temperature plasma conditions have a high peak intensity of Hβ and Hγ in the results of the analysis by OES. The hardness value was measured with the micro-Vickers hardness tester after the SPN, SPNC process and the chemical composition of nitriding layers were traced by GDOES. The screen nitriding layer via the screen plasma technology has shown excellent properties with a thickness depth of about 850 ~ 900 HV without the deterioration of matrix hardness value.
文摘Despite the rapid development in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies,key technologies for the Physical Layer (PHY) still need to be further improved so as to achieve highly efficient and reliable communication performance,as well as to support a mobile environment with a higher transmisison rate. As an amendment to IEEE 802.16d (for fixed broadband wireless access systems),IEEE 802.16e (for mobile broadband wireless access systems) introduces the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies into the PHY,doubling the transmission rate while supporting a certain degree of mobility. In the future,more advanced Air Interface (AI) technology is to be applied in the IEEE 802.16m standard.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60772110.
文摘As a smart spectrum sharing technology, Cognitive Radio (CR) is becoming a hot topic in the field of wireless telecommunications. Besides providing traditional services, the cognitive radio network Media Access Control (MAC) layer is required to perform an entirely new set of functions for effective reusing spectrum opportunity, without causing any harmful interference to incumbents. Spectrum sensing management selects and optimizes sensing strategies and parameters by the selection of sensing mode, sensing period, sensing time, sensing channel, and sensing quiet period. Access control avoids collision with primary users mainly by cooperation access and transparent access. Dynamic spectrum allocation optimizes the allocation of uncertain spectrum for binary interference model and accumulative interference model. Security mechanism adds authentication and encryption mechanisms to MAC frame to defense MAC layer security attacks. Cross-layer design combines MAC layer information with physical layer or higher layers information, such as network layer, transmission layer, to achieve global optimization.
文摘Packaging is one of the most important methods of keeping the quality of food products for storage, transportation and end-use. The price of materials employed for packaging food has traditionally been high and used to be more expensive than the food itself. Technological innovations made possible to produce packaging materials cheaply. One of these processes is known as co-extrusion. This technique makes a film with two or more layers with different plastics not laminating the layers together with an adhesive, eliminating the use of solvents and producing a film in just one step instead multiple steps. In this background, our paper relates to the evolution on packaging for foods by using patenting documents. A search for patent documents was performed on free patent databases using keywords and International Patent Classification （IPC） codes related to this technology. As results： （a） 17% of the 21,472 documents found are focused on multilayer packaging for food; （b） 12 countries hold more than 90% of patents （38% Japan; 23% The United States of America; 7% Canada and 6% Germany）; and, （c） two peaks were perceived in the period of 1992-1994 and 2003, and matches, respectively, the Persian Gulf （1990-1991） and Iraq Wars （2003-invasion of Iraq）, so the historical tendency is confirmed： ＂wars also generate scientific and technological innovations＂.
文摘With the continuous development of China's social economy, the demand for natural resources is also increasing day by day. As an important guarantee energy for China's economic development, China's petrochemical industry is also developing with the progress of society. Today, China's petrochemical industry has gradually stepped into the forefront of the world. As a non renewable resource, oil is an important resource formed by the geological process of the earth for thousands of years. Nowadays, the increasing demand for oil resources in the international community has led to the depletion of oil resources, and the oil exploitation project has gradually become difficult and complex. Therefore, in today's social environment of shortage of oil resources, it is necessary to strengthen the optimization and innovation of oil production technology and comprehensively improve the oilfield production efficiency, so as to ensure the stable development of China's social economy and meet the production needs of various social industries. This paper will comb and analyze the oil production technology of burning oil reservoir.
基金Project no.RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00015 has been implemented with the support provided by the European Unionsupported by the Agency for Credits and Study Grants coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of National Education from the source of the research grant established through the Government Decision no.118/2023+1 种基金supported by the EKÖP-24-3-BME-103 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National,Research,Development and Innovation Fundsupported by the Doctoral Excellence Fellowship Programme(DCEP)is funded by the National Research Development and Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics,under a grant agreement with the National Research,Development and Innovation Office.
文摘In this study,an artificial intelligence-based machine vision system was developed for in-line particle size analysis during the pellet layering process.Drug-layered pellets were produced by coating microcrystalline cellulose cores with an ibuprofen-containing layering liquid until the target drug content was achieved.Drug content increases with pellet size;therefore,particle size monitoring can ensure product safety and quality.The direct imaging system,consisting of a rigid endoscope,a light source,and a high-speed camera,provides real-time information about pellet size and layer uniformity,enabling timely intervention in the case of out-of-spec products.A convolutional neural network-based instance segmentation algorithm was employed to detect particles in focus,ensuring that pellet size could be accurately determined despite the dense flow of the particles.After training the model,the performance of the developed system was assessed by analysing the particle size distribution of pellet cores with variable sizes within the 250 e850 mm size range.The endoscopic system was tested in-line at a larger scale during the drug layering of inert pellet cores.The particle size data acquired in real time with the endoscopic imaging system corresponded with the reference methods,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed machine vision-based method as a process analytical technology tool for in-line process monitoring.
