为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS...为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS)辅助PS⁃SWIPT系统(ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)的安全传输方案。综合考虑ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的能量效率和安全性,构造了安全能效最大化问题,通过联合优化基站的波束成形向量、ARIS的反射系数矩阵,以及合法用户的功率分割比值,提升ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的安全能效。由于所构建的优化问题为非凸问题,利用交替优化(Alternating Optimiza⁃tion,AO)算法将原问题分解为3个子问题,并进一步通过半正定松弛(Semi⁃Definite Relaxation,SDR)和Dinkelbach方法获得子问题的优化解。仿真结果表明,ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT方案在安全能效方面优于PRIS辅助PS⁃SWIPT(PRIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案和放大转发辅助PS⁃SWIPT(AF⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案,且所提算法相较于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA),对求解该类问题具备更高的适应性,并且获得了更高的安全能效。展开更多
A protective layer(PL) is commonly reserved above foundation surface to protect the underlying rock mass during dam foundation excavation. In China, the PL of dam foundation is conventionally subdivided into two or th...A protective layer(PL) is commonly reserved above foundation surface to protect the underlying rock mass during dam foundation excavation. In China, the PL of dam foundation is conventionally subdivided into two or three thin layers and excavated with the shallow-hole blasting method, even by pneumatic pick method in case of soft rock mass. The aforementioned layered excavation of the PL delays the construction of the whole project. After nearly 30-year practices, several safe and effcient methods for the PL excavation of dam foundation are gradually developed. They include shallow-hole bench blasting with cushion material(SBC) at the bottom of the hole, and horizontal smooth blasting(HSB). The PL is even cancelled on the condition that horizontal pre-split technique is employed during dam foundation excavation. This paper introduces the aforementioned two PL excavation methods(shallow-hole blasting and bench blasting) and horizontal pre-split technique of dam foundation without protective layer(HPP). The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drill-and-blast parameters of typical projects are examined. Meanwhile, the merits and limitations of each method are compared. Engineering practices in China show that HSB is basically the optimal method for dam foundation PL excavation in terms of foundation damage control and rapid construction. Some new problems for dam foundation PL excavation arising, such as strong unloading and relaxation phenomenon that encountered in the gorge region of southwest China, are needed to be addressed; and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed as well.展开更多
文摘为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS)辅助PS⁃SWIPT系统(ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)的安全传输方案。综合考虑ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的能量效率和安全性,构造了安全能效最大化问题,通过联合优化基站的波束成形向量、ARIS的反射系数矩阵,以及合法用户的功率分割比值,提升ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的安全能效。由于所构建的优化问题为非凸问题,利用交替优化(Alternating Optimiza⁃tion,AO)算法将原问题分解为3个子问题,并进一步通过半正定松弛(Semi⁃Definite Relaxation,SDR)和Dinkelbach方法获得子问题的优化解。仿真结果表明,ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT方案在安全能效方面优于PRIS辅助PS⁃SWIPT(PRIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案和放大转发辅助PS⁃SWIPT(AF⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案,且所提算法相较于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA),对求解该类问题具备更高的适应性,并且获得了更高的安全能效。
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(51125037)the National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China(2011CB013501)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51279135 and 51079111)the Doctoral Scientifc Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China(20110141110026)
文摘A protective layer(PL) is commonly reserved above foundation surface to protect the underlying rock mass during dam foundation excavation. In China, the PL of dam foundation is conventionally subdivided into two or three thin layers and excavated with the shallow-hole blasting method, even by pneumatic pick method in case of soft rock mass. The aforementioned layered excavation of the PL delays the construction of the whole project. After nearly 30-year practices, several safe and effcient methods for the PL excavation of dam foundation are gradually developed. They include shallow-hole bench blasting with cushion material(SBC) at the bottom of the hole, and horizontal smooth blasting(HSB). The PL is even cancelled on the condition that horizontal pre-split technique is employed during dam foundation excavation. This paper introduces the aforementioned two PL excavation methods(shallow-hole blasting and bench blasting) and horizontal pre-split technique of dam foundation without protective layer(HPP). The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drill-and-blast parameters of typical projects are examined. Meanwhile, the merits and limitations of each method are compared. Engineering practices in China show that HSB is basically the optimal method for dam foundation PL excavation in terms of foundation damage control and rapid construction. Some new problems for dam foundation PL excavation arising, such as strong unloading and relaxation phenomenon that encountered in the gorge region of southwest China, are needed to be addressed; and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed as well.
