<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Many factors influence the expressions of pain in pr...<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Many factors influence the expressions of pain in primiparous women aside from contractions of the uterus. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study aimed to describe the level labor pain, level of labor pain behaviors based on cultural pain behaviors at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation or the beginning of the active phase of labor among primiparous Muslim women in Indonesia. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a study with 42 primiparous Muslim women who gave birth in the labor room at Bhinneka Bhakti Husada Hospital and Community Health Center Pamulang, Indonesia from June until January 2017. The women were asked to describe on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale the intensity of level of labor pain in their abdomen during the last contractions at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation, and Pain Behaviors Observation Scale to observe pain behaviors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The findings showed that the mean score of level of labor pain at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation was 86.38 (SD = 4.47) and most participants experienced high level of labor pain (97.6%). The expression of cultural labor pain behaviors including saying praises to Allah, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Asma</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aul husna</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, reciting the Qur’an, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sholawat</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
目的:探讨硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉对子痫前期产妇血流动力学指标、疼痛程度及产间发热的影响。方法:本研究为前瞻性随机对照试验,采用随机数字表法将苏州市立医院2023年2月至2024年10月期间收治的120例子痫前期产妇分为对照组(接...目的:探讨硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉对子痫前期产妇血流动力学指标、疼痛程度及产间发热的影响。方法:本研究为前瞻性随机对照试验,采用随机数字表法将苏州市立医院2023年2月至2024年10月期间收治的120例子痫前期产妇分为对照组(接受利多卡因硬膜外麻醉,n=60)和研究组(接受硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉,n=60)。对比两组产妇麻醉阻滞时间和麻醉镇痛维持时间、视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、血流动力学指标[心率、收缩压、舒张压]、产程时间、产间发热情况和不良反应。结果:研究组感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的起效时间短于对照组,感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的持续时间以及麻醉镇痛维持时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。两组硬膜外麻醉后30 min(T1)~宫口打开时(T3)时间点VAS评分下降,且相同时间点研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组T1~T3相同时间点心率、收缩压、舒张压低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组各产程(第一、第二、第三)的产程时间、不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异(P>0.05)。研究组T3、胎儿娩出后2 h(T4)的体温低于对照组,研究组产间发热发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉可延长麻醉时间,维持子痫前期产妇血流动力学稳定,减轻疼痛程度,降低产间发热发生率。展开更多
Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and b...Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.展开更多
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect any warm blood vertebrae, and if first trimester pregnant woman infected, it may cause abortion. The objective is to prov...Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect any warm blood vertebrae, and if first trimester pregnant woman infected, it may cause abortion. The objective is to prove the effect of the Toxoplasma gondii concentration in anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and the outcomes of Balb/c mice pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Balb/c mice with inclusion criteria, and was conditioned pregnant. The pathogen strains of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite injected intraperitoneally. The blood samples were taken serially to be tested for anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels. After the mice were injected with tachyzoite, they are assessed every day to observe their body weight, vaginal bleeding, and labor. Anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels examined using qualitative mouse IgG-IgM antibody ELISA KIT. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgM antibody levels increased significantly after 24 hours of injection tachyzoites in all dose groups, and remained high through day 21. Anti-toxoplasma antibody IgG levels increased significantly after 72 hours post injection and remained elevated until day 21. The incidence of abortion is 100% in mice which injected tachyzoite levels 1 × 103 and 1 × 104, and the incidence of abortion approximately 2 - 4 days post injection. 100% of mice that were injected with tachyzoites 1 × 101 and 1 × 102 have labor at term. Physical anomaly was found in baby mice from mice that were injected with tachyzoite 1 × 102. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite with anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and there is a significant relationship between the concentrations of tachyzoite with abortion.展开更多
The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro...The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Many factors influence the expressions of pain in primiparous women aside from contractions of the uterus. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study aimed to describe the level labor pain, level of labor pain behaviors based on cultural pain behaviors at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation or the beginning of the active phase of labor among primiparous Muslim women in Indonesia. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a study with 42 primiparous Muslim women who gave birth in the labor room at Bhinneka Bhakti Husada Hospital and Community Health Center Pamulang, Indonesia from June until January 2017. The women were asked to describe on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale the intensity of level of labor pain in their abdomen during the last contractions at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation, and Pain Behaviors Observation Scale to observe pain behaviors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The findings showed that the mean score of level of labor pain at 3 - 4 cm of cervical dilation was 86.38 (SD = 4.47) and most participants experienced high level of labor pain (97.6%). The expression of cultural labor pain behaviors including saying praises to Allah, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Asma</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aul husna</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, reciting the Qur’an, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sholawat</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span></span>
文摘目的:探讨硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉对子痫前期产妇血流动力学指标、疼痛程度及产间发热的影响。方法:本研究为前瞻性随机对照试验,采用随机数字表法将苏州市立医院2023年2月至2024年10月期间收治的120例子痫前期产妇分为对照组(接受利多卡因硬膜外麻醉,n=60)和研究组(接受硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉,n=60)。对比两组产妇麻醉阻滞时间和麻醉镇痛维持时间、视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、血流动力学指标[心率、收缩压、舒张压]、产程时间、产间发热情况和不良反应。结果:研究组感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的起效时间短于对照组,感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的持续时间以及麻醉镇痛维持时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。两组硬膜外麻醉后30 min(T1)~宫口打开时(T3)时间点VAS评分下降,且相同时间点研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组T1~T3相同时间点心率、收缩压、舒张压低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组各产程(第一、第二、第三)的产程时间、不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异(P>0.05)。研究组T3、胎儿娩出后2 h(T4)的体温低于对照组,研究组产间发热发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:硫酸镁联合利多卡因硬膜外麻醉可延长麻醉时间,维持子痫前期产妇血流动力学稳定,减轻疼痛程度,降低产间发热发生率。
文摘Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.
文摘Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect any warm blood vertebrae, and if first trimester pregnant woman infected, it may cause abortion. The objective is to prove the effect of the Toxoplasma gondii concentration in anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and the outcomes of Balb/c mice pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Balb/c mice with inclusion criteria, and was conditioned pregnant. The pathogen strains of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite injected intraperitoneally. The blood samples were taken serially to be tested for anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels. After the mice were injected with tachyzoite, they are assessed every day to observe their body weight, vaginal bleeding, and labor. Anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels examined using qualitative mouse IgG-IgM antibody ELISA KIT. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgM antibody levels increased significantly after 24 hours of injection tachyzoites in all dose groups, and remained high through day 21. Anti-toxoplasma antibody IgG levels increased significantly after 72 hours post injection and remained elevated until day 21. The incidence of abortion is 100% in mice which injected tachyzoite levels 1 × 103 and 1 × 104, and the incidence of abortion approximately 2 - 4 days post injection. 100% of mice that were injected with tachyzoites 1 × 101 and 1 × 102 have labor at term. Physical anomaly was found in baby mice from mice that were injected with tachyzoite 1 × 102. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite with anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and there is a significant relationship between the concentrations of tachyzoite with abortion.
文摘The article is devoted to problems of adaptation of foreign labor in Russia. The feature of approach to analysis of the problem lies in trying to examine this process at several levels： macro-level, meso-level, micro-level, and individual level. The major factors influencing adaptation of foreign labor at each level are allocated. It is assumed between foreign workers and local communities. The author considers such aspects as the relation of local communities to arrival of foreign labor, the reasons for arrival of foreign labor to Russia and features of contact of local communities with foreign workers. This position is proved by means of a case study conducted in Yekaterinburg.
