I.INTRODUCTION In recent ten years, a good deal of efforts have been made to study the NN interaction using the quark model (QM). Refs. [2] and [7] have explained the NN short-range repulsive force with the one-gluon ...I.INTRODUCTION In recent ten years, a good deal of efforts have been made to study the NN interaction using the quark model (QM). Refs. [2] and [7] have explained the NN short-range repulsive force with the one-gluon exchange potential and展开更多
The A-level tourist attractions are an important carrier for the development of the tourism industry.As the most fundamental tourism supply,studying their spatial distribution pattern and driving forces is of great si...The A-level tourist attractions are an important carrier for the development of the tourism industry.As the most fundamental tourism supply,studying their spatial distribution pattern and driving forces is of great significance for promoting the process of regional tourism industrialization.This study used the tourism resource abundance index,nearest neighbor distance index,and geographic detector model to study the spatial characteristics and driving forces of A-level tourist attractions in China.The results showed that the A-level tourist attractions in China exhibit significant spatial clustering,but there are significant regional differences.They are mainly distributed on the southeastern side of the Hu Huanyong Line.Overall,the average of tourism resource abundance index is 71.74.The proportion of cities above that average is relatively low,and they form local high-value clustering areas mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,Yangtze River Delta,and Chengdu-Chongqing regions.The spatial distribution patterns of various types of scenic spots also exhibit agglomeration characteristics,but their agglomeration scales and spatial patterns exhibit obvious regional differences.The spatial distribution pattern of A-level tourist attractions in China is a result of the combined effect of regional socio-economic factors and scenic environmental factors.Among them,the explanatory power of regional socio-economic factors is stronger than that of scenic environmental factors.Among the scenic environmental factors,resource endowment has the strongest explanatory power,and there are significant differences in the dominant factors influencing the distributions of different types of A-level tourist attractions.展开更多
Tractor beams,able to produce optical pulling forces(OPFs)on particles,are attracting increasing attention.Here,non-paraxial Bessel tractor beams are generated using polarization-insensitive metasurfaces.OPFs are foun...Tractor beams,able to produce optical pulling forces(OPFs)on particles,are attracting increasing attention.Here,non-paraxial Bessel tractor beams are generated using polarization-insensitive metasurfaces.OPFs are found to exert on dielectric particles with specific radii at the axes of the beams.The strengths of the OPFs depend on the radii of the particles,which provides the possibility of sorting particles with different sizes.For the OPFs,the radius ranges of particles vary with the polarization states or topological charges of the incident beams.The change of polarizations can provide a switch between the pulling and pushing forces,which offers a new way to realize dynamic manipulation of particles.The change of topological charges leads to disjoint radii ranges for the OPFs exerting on particles,which provides the possibility of selective optical separation.Moreover,we study the behaviors of particles in the tractor beams.The simulation results reveal that linearly or circularly polarized tractor beams can pull particles a sufficient distance towards the light source,which verifies the feasibility of separating particles.展开更多
Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two...Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.展开更多
The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has...The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.展开更多
Searching for an intermediate-range force has been considerable interests in gravity experiments. In this paper, aiming at a scalartensor theory with an intermediate-range force, we have derived the metric and equatio...Searching for an intermediate-range force has been considerable interests in gravity experiments. In this paper, aiming at a scalartensor theory with an intermediate-range force, we have derived the metric and equations of motion （EOMs） in the first post- Newtonian （1PN） approximation for general matter without specific equation of state and N point masses firstly. Subsequently, the secular periastron precession ω of binary pulsars in harmonic coordinates is given. After that, ω of four binary pulsars data （PSR B1913＋16, PSR B1534＋12, PSR J0737-3039 and PSR B2127＋11C） have been used to constrain the intermediate-range force, namely, the parameters G and λ. α and λ respectively represent the strength of the intermediate-range force coupling and its length scale. The limits from four binary pulsars data are respectively A = （4.95 ±0.02）× 10^8 m and a = （2.30±0.01）× 10^8 if β = 1, where fl is a parameter like standard parametrized post-Newtonian parameter βPPN. When three degrees of freedom （α, λ and β = β - 1 ） in lσ confidence level are considered, it yields α = （4.21 ±0.01）× 10^4, λ= （4.51 ±0.01）× 10^7 m and β = （-3.30 ±0.01）× 10^-3. Through our research on the scalar-tensor theory with the intermediate-range force, it shows that the parameter α is directly related to the parameter γ （α = （1 - γ）/（1 ＋ γ））. Thus, this presents the constraints on 1 - γ by binary pulsars which is about 10^-4 for three degrees of freedom.展开更多
Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an int...Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of considerable interests in gravitational experiments. Inspired by these ideas, within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediate- range force, its 2PN approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar＇s approach. It includes the 2PN metric and equations of motion for general matter without specific equation of state. The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated with the aid of the energy-momentum complex. We also discuss the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spaeecrafts.展开更多
Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary partic...Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.展开更多
文摘I.INTRODUCTION In recent ten years, a good deal of efforts have been made to study the NN interaction using the quark model (QM). Refs. [2] and [7] have explained the NN short-range repulsive force with the one-gluon exchange potential and
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401207,42371195)The Youth Research Project of Humanities and Social Science of the Ministry of Education(22YJC790152)The Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(23A790020)。
文摘The A-level tourist attractions are an important carrier for the development of the tourism industry.As the most fundamental tourism supply,studying their spatial distribution pattern and driving forces is of great significance for promoting the process of regional tourism industrialization.This study used the tourism resource abundance index,nearest neighbor distance index,and geographic detector model to study the spatial characteristics and driving forces of A-level tourist attractions in China.The results showed that the A-level tourist attractions in China exhibit significant spatial clustering,but there are significant regional differences.They are mainly distributed on the southeastern side of the Hu Huanyong Line.Overall,the average of tourism resource abundance index is 71.74.The proportion of cities above that average is relatively low,and they form local high-value clustering areas mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,Yangtze River Delta,and Chengdu-Chongqing regions.The spatial distribution patterns of various types of scenic spots also exhibit agglomeration characteristics,but their agglomeration scales and spatial patterns exhibit obvious regional differences.The spatial distribution pattern of A-level tourist attractions in China is a result of the combined effect of regional socio-economic factors and scenic environmental factors.Among them,the explanatory power of regional socio-economic factors is stronger than that of scenic environmental factors.Among the scenic environmental factors,resource endowment has the strongest explanatory power,and there are significant differences in the dominant factors influencing the distributions of different types of A-level tourist attractions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61805119 and 62275122)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20180469 and BK20180468)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30919011275)。
文摘Tractor beams,able to produce optical pulling forces(OPFs)on particles,are attracting increasing attention.Here,non-paraxial Bessel tractor beams are generated using polarization-insensitive metasurfaces.OPFs are found to exert on dielectric particles with specific radii at the axes of the beams.The strengths of the OPFs depend on the radii of the particles,which provides the possibility of sorting particles with different sizes.For the OPFs,the radius ranges of particles vary with the polarization states or topological charges of the incident beams.The change of polarizations can provide a switch between the pulling and pushing forces,which offers a new way to realize dynamic manipulation of particles.The change of topological charges leads to disjoint radii ranges for the OPFs exerting on particles,which provides the possibility of selective optical separation.Moreover,we study the behaviors of particles in the tractor beams.The simulation results reveal that linearly or circularly polarized tractor beams can pull particles a sufficient distance towards the light source,which verifies the feasibility of separating particles.
文摘Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.
文摘The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11103085)
文摘Searching for an intermediate-range force has been considerable interests in gravity experiments. In this paper, aiming at a scalartensor theory with an intermediate-range force, we have derived the metric and equations of motion （EOMs） in the first post- Newtonian （1PN） approximation for general matter without specific equation of state and N point masses firstly. Subsequently, the secular periastron precession ω of binary pulsars in harmonic coordinates is given. After that, ω of four binary pulsars data （PSR B1913＋16, PSR B1534＋12, PSR J0737-3039 and PSR B2127＋11C） have been used to constrain the intermediate-range force, namely, the parameters G and λ. α and λ respectively represent the strength of the intermediate-range force coupling and its length scale. The limits from four binary pulsars data are respectively A = （4.95 ±0.02）× 10^8 m and a = （2.30±0.01）× 10^8 if β = 1, where fl is a parameter like standard parametrized post-Newtonian parameter βPPN. When three degrees of freedom （α, λ and β = β - 1 ） in lσ confidence level are considered, it yields α = （4.21 ±0.01）× 10^4, λ= （4.51 ±0.01）× 10^7 m and β = （-3.30 ±0.01）× 10^-3. Through our research on the scalar-tensor theory with the intermediate-range force, it shows that the parameter α is directly related to the parameter γ （α = （1 - γ）/（1 ＋ γ））. Thus, this presents the constraints on 1 - γ by binary pulsars which is about 10^-4 for three degrees of freedom.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11473072 and 11103085)the Fundamental Research Program of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20131461)
文摘Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of considerable interests in gravitational experiments. Inspired by these ideas, within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediate- range force, its 2PN approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar＇s approach. It includes the 2PN metric and equations of motion for general matter without specific equation of state. The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated with the aid of the energy-momentum complex. We also discuss the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spaeecrafts.
文摘Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.
